Modern aspects of the use of drugs of microbial origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Pasichna ◽  
V. I. Vdovychenko
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Microbial Origin ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiocenosis

The recent scientific researches provide evidence of the important role of microbiota for human health. The microbiome is a very complex system, that exists in an equilibrium state and performs multiple functions. The intestinal microflora is disturbed under the influence of iatrogenic factors, and products of microbial origin are used to correct this. The first group of such drugs include probiotics. Their positive effect is associated with immunological and non‑immunological effects. The results of many studies proved the positive effects of probiotics in clinical practice, however publications of recent years outline their low effectiveness and transient nature of the effect, even with prolonged use. Another group of preparations refers to prebiotics, which selectively stimulate the growth of colon microflora. A combination of probiotics and prebiotics, called synbiotics, also in use. Currently, much attention is paid to metabiotics. This group includes various low molecular weight molecules with various chemical manifestations. The components of metabiotics are cellular elements, metabolites and signaling molecules of probiotic cultures. Metabiotics provide the optimal conditions of homeostasis in the contact zone, which are necessary for the normal interaction of the epithelium and microflora, as well as directly affect the physiological functions and biochemical reactions of the macroorganism. The antibacterial properties of metabiotics allow to fight pathogenic and opportunistic flora, without affecting the beneficial microorganisms of the intestine. Creation of targeted metabiotics is a novel promising direction in this area. The possibility of creating a programmed metabiotic drug is considered, depending on the type of disorders of the intestinal microbiocenosis and the peculiarities of the life of specific pathogenic or opportunistic strains.

scholarly journals The Relationship among Emotional Leadership, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Taking China’s Hotel Industry as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Yixing Jin ◽  
Peiying Wu ◽  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Yingda Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Emotional Leadership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study investigated the impact of emotional leadership of leaders on organizational commitment of hotel employees, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction. The results indicate that: (1) Emotional leadership and job satisfaction have positive effects on organizational commitment. (2) Emotional leadership has a positive effect on job satisfaction. (3) Job satisfaction plays a mediating role between emotional leadership and organizational commitment.

scholarly journals CBMT-49. OXALOACETATE ALTERS GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN GLIOBLASTOMA: 13C ISOTOPOMER STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi43-vi44
Author(s):  
Omkar Ijare ◽  
David Conway ◽  
Alan Cash ◽  
David Baskin ◽  
Kumar Pichumani
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Isotopomer Analysis ◽  
Carboxylation Pathway ◽  
13C Isotopomer Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Anhydrous enol-oxaloacetate (AEO) has demonstrated the ability to enhance neuronal cell bioenergetics and activate brain mitochondrial biogenesis. Since oxaloacetate has demonstrated positive effects on brain bioenergetics in neurodegenerative diseases we have begun to investigate whether AEO may also have a positive effect on the altered cellular metabolism found in cancer cells, particularly Glioblastoma multiforme. The “Warburg effect” describes an abnormal metabolic state in cancer, distinct from normal tissue, in which energy is generated through enhanced conversion of pyruvate to lactate even in the presence of oxygen during glycolysis. Oxaloacetate (OAA) is a key anaplerotic substrate that is required to maintain TCA cycle flux. The role of oxaloacetate supplementation on the energy metabolism is not known in cancer cells. Goal of this study is to investigate the changes in metabolic fluxes in glucose metabolism with and without the presence of OAA in patient-derived GBM cells. We use GC-MS based 13C isotopomer analysis for this study. GBM cells are grown in 15mM glucose containing DMEM medium supplemented with 2mM oxaloacetate for 10 days. 6 hours prior to harvesting, [U-13C]glucose is introduced to the medium. 13C isotopomer analysis of GC-MS data showed that OAA supplementation for 10 days drastically decreased Warburg glycolysis by reducing 13C labeling (M+3) by 19.7% and 48.8% in pyruvate and lactate pools respectively in comparison with cells not treated with OAA. M+3 13C labeled pyruvate entered TCA cycle via acetyl-CoA, where we also observed reduced levels of M+2 13C labeled citrate (20.5%) and glutamate (23.9%) isotopomers. Pyruvate can also enter TCA cycle via pyruvate carboxylation pathway and this activity was also found to be slightly decreased in the OAA treated cells. All the differences were statistically significant. These results indicate that OAA can be used to alter bioenergetics of GBM cells, specifically glucose oxidation.

scholarly journals Harsh Punishment or Alternatives: Which is the Better Crime-prevention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Helmut Kury
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
State Level ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Positive Effect

The classical reaction to crime is punishment, then, if it does not have the effect we are looking for, still harsher sanctions. For the most part, state powers concentrate on the offender and his or her punishment, while the victim is ‘used’ as a witness in court proceedings. Empirical criminological research in recent decades has shown more and more that ‘just punish’ is not the best solution to reduce crime. Old traditional societies, such as various Native American groups in North America, had more peacekeeping-oriented approaches to crime, dealing with both the offender and the victim. The name we use for these today is ‘mediation’ or ‘restorative justice’. In the last few decades, these measures for handling crime and conflicts have been rediscovered, and they are used more and more in Western countries, with positive effects. For example, Germany’s criminal code and, especially, the country’s juvenile penal code suggest more ways in which victim–offender mediation and restitution can be used; however, legal practice shows reluctance to use the newly specified procedures. Elsewhere in Europe at state level, these techniques are used more in Western industrialised countries, less in former Eastern-bloc states. Differences can be seen also in the role of the mediator in practice: it is seen differently in some respects. Research results show clearly that mediation has a more positive effect on offenders and also victims than the ‘classical’ court procedure does, and thereby it helps more to re-establish peace in society. 

scholarly journals Influence Mechanism of The Affordances of Chronic Disease Management Apps on Continuance Intention: Mediating Role of Health Empowerment (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Liu ◽  
Peiyang Lin ◽  
Fei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Empowerment ◽  
Positive Effect

BACKGROUND Mobile health apps are becoming increasingly popular, and they provide opportunities for effective health management. The existing chronic disease management (CDM) apps cannot meet users’ practical and urgent needs, and user adhesion is poor. Few, however, have investigated the factors that influence the continuance intention (CI) of CDM app users. OBJECTIVE Starting from the affordances of CDM apps, this study aimed to analyze how such apps can influence CI through the role of health empowerment (HE). METHODS Adopting a stimulus-organism-response framework, an antecedent model was established for CI from the perspective of perceived affordances, uses and gratifications theory, and HE. Perceived affordances were used as the “stimulus,” users’ gratifications and HE were used as the “organism,” and CI was used as the “response.” Data were collected online through a well-known questionnaire survey platform in China. 323 valid questionnaires were obtained. The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Perceived connection affordances (PCA) were found to have significant positive effects on social interactivity gratification (SIG) (t=6.201, P<.001) and informativeness gratification (IG) (t=5.068, P<.001). Perceived utilitarian affordances (PUA) had significant positive effects on IG (t=7.029, P<.001), technology gratification (TG) (t=8.404, P<.001), and functions gratification (FG) (t=9.812, P<.001). Perceived hedonic affordances (PHA) had significant positive effects on FG (t=5.305, P<.001) and enjoyment gratification (EG) (t=13.768, P<.001). Five gratifications (t=2.767, P<.01; t=4.632, P<.001; t=7.608, P<.001; t=2.496, P<.05; t=5.088, P<.001) had significant positive effect on HE. SIG, IG, and FG had significant positive effects on CI. TG and EG had no significant effect on CI. HE had a significant positive effect on CI. HE and gratifications play mediating roles in the influence of affordances on CI. CONCLUSIONS HE and gratifications of users' needs are effective ways to promote CI. The gratifications of users' needs can realize HE and then inspire CI. Affordances are key antecedents that affects gratifications of users' needs, HE and CI.

scholarly journals The role of social media marketing in attracting investment capital in industrial parks in the context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736
Author(s):  
Thanh Thuy Cu ◽  
Thi Yen Le
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Positive Effect

With the complicated Covid-19 epidemic currently affecting many countries, there is an important position and role for social media marketing not only in attracting investment capital of countries but also in other fields, since it is a good way for people to connect and circulate work. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the attraction of investment capital to Vietnam's industrial parks, focusing on considering social media marketing factors. The study's data comes from a survey of 256 enterprises operating in Vietnam (Including both active firms and enterprises in the group of potential investors with industrial parks). The data were analyzed using factor analysis and multivariate regression. The results of the study show that social media marketing had a positive effect on attracting investment capital into industrial parks of Vietnam (Standardized Coefficients = 0.329); besides, there are also positive effects of other factors such as human resources, industrial park infrastructure, local policies with varying degrees of influence. Based on those factors, the author offers recommendations regarding attracting investment capital to industrial parks actively.

The Role of Organizational Social Capital in the Design of Management Control Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ströbele ◽  
Paul Wentges
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Management Control Systems ◽  
Organizational Social Capital ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Capital Perspective ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Clan Control

ABSTRACT Interest in so-called “soft controls,” such as clan control, and what role they may play in designing management control systems has been growing in recent years. In particular, the conditions under which clan control and formal bureaucratic controls complement or substitute each other are the subject of an ongoing debate. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of organizational social capital in the design of management control systems and, more specifically, to better understand the functioning of clan control. We argue that adopting a social capital perspective can help explain how clan control works and what positive effects it has on performance: organizational social capital moderates the positive effect of clan control on performance and enables organizations to use clan control and bureaucratic controls complementarily. We provide empirical evidence that supports our hypotheses and is based on survey data from 523 small and medium-sized enterprises in Germany.

Alliance portfolio capability

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Alliance Portfolio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alliance Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Conceptual Research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework and propositions on a capability-based view that examine the role of a firm’s primary type of alliances, i.e., exploration or exploitation, in the determinants and impact of alliance portfolio capability. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual research paper, which builds on prior conceptual and empirical management research. Findings – Regarding determinants, capability-based arguments indicate that firms with an emphasis on exploration alliances have higher levels of alliance portfolio capability. However, a focus on exploration alliances aggravates the development of alliance portfolio capability through alliance experience and a dedicated alliance function. Regarding impact, alliance portfolio capability may positively affect a firm’s alliance, innovation, and financial performance. While alliance portfolio capability is assumed to have an equally positive effect on alliance performance for all types of alliance portfolios, a relative focus on exploration alliances is expected to limit the positive effects of alliance portfolio capability on innovation and subsequent financial performance. Originality/value – These new conceptual arguments help to reconcile inconsistent earlier findings, and they deepen the understanding of interfirm differences in alliance portfolio capability and performance.

scholarly journals Linking Perceived Educational Support to Entrepreneur Intention: The Mediating Effect of Self-Confidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Purbo Jadmiko ◽  
Elfitra Azliyanti ◽  
Tyara Dwi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Economic Faculty

Applying the conceptual framework of value-attitude-behavior relationship, this study investigates self-confidence as mediating effect on the relationship between perceived educational support  on entrepreneur intention.  Using  linier  regression  analysis,  we investigate the  role  of  self- confidence, perceived educational support on entrepreneur intention. In this paper, we used 160 students of economic faculty at Bung Hatta University. These results suggest that perceived educational support and self-confidence have positive effects on entrepreneur intention, and perceived educational support has positive effect on entrepreneur intention. This result shows self-confidence play an important role as a mediating variable on the relationship between perceived educational support on entrepreneur intention.

scholarly journals Cherry Polyphenol Extract Ameliorated Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Fuhua Li ◽  
Huiming Yan ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Jichun Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Positive Effect

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, and its etiology remains obscure. Cherry polyphenols showed potential health-promoting effects. However, both the protective effect and mechanism of cherry polyphenols on UC are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the free polyphenol extract of cherry in alleviating UC and its possible mechanism of action. Our study revealed that the free polyphenol extract of cherry management significantly alleviated UC symptoms, such as weight loss, colon shortening, the thickening of colonic mucous layer, etc. The free polyphenol extract of cherry treatment also introduced a significant reduction in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO), while causing a significant elevation in levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This indicated that such positive effects were performed through reducing oxidative damage or in a cytokine-specific manner. The immunofluorescence analysis of ZO-1 and occludin proteins declared that the free polyphenol extract of cherry had the potential to prompt intestinal barrier function. The reduced expression levels of β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1 and GSK-3β suggested that the cherry extract performed its positive effect on UC by suppressing the Wnt/β-ctenin pathway. This finding may pave the way into further understanding the mechanism of cherry polyphenols ameliorating ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of Silicon in Mitigating Plant Nutritional Stresses

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Nusrat Ali ◽  
Elise Réthoré ◽  
Jean-Claude Yvin ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Positive Effect

It has been long recognized that silicon (Si) plays important roles in plant productivity by improving mineral nutrition deficiencies. Despite the fact that Si is considered as ‘quasi–essential’, the positive effect of Si has mostly been described in resistance to biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses. During the last decade, much effort has been aimed at linking the positive effects of Si under nutrient deficiency or heavy metal toxicity (HM). These studies highlight the positive effect of Si on biomass production, by maintaining photosynthetic machinery, decreasing transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and regulating uptake and root to shoot translocation of nutrients as well as reducing oxidative stress. The mechanisms of these inputs and the processes driving the alterations in plant adaptation to nutritional stress are, however, largely unknown. In this review, we focus on the interaction of Si and macronutrient (MaN) deficiencies or micro-nutrient (MiN) deficiency, summarizing the current knowledge in numerous research fields that can improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this cross-talk. To this end, we discuss the gap in Si nutrition and propose a working model to explain the responses of individual MaN or MiN disorders and their mutual responses to Si supplementation.

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