Role of genetic and epigenetic factors in formation of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders in boys

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

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Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1136/wjps-2020-000196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. e000196

Author(s):

Yue Wu ◽

Xiaosi Jin ◽

Yuhao Zhang ◽

Jing Zheng ◽

Rulai Yang

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Molecular Medicine ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Near Future

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.

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DNA methylation as predictive marker of response to immunotherapy?

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12254-021-00696-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gerwin Heller

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Short Review ◽

Predictive Markers ◽

Epigenetic Factors

SummaryImmunotherapy is one of the major breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, many patients do not benefit from this type of therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for a strategy to predict treatment efficacy before start of therapy. The role of certain genetic and epigenetic factors as potential predictive markers for response to immunotherapy is discussed in this short review.

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Особенности концентрационного влияния гидротермального нанокремнезема при предпосевной обработке семян растений на показатели биомассы и высоты ростков при проращивании в темноте

Nanoindustry Russia ◽

10.22184/1993-8578.2021.14.1.44.60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 44-60

Author(s):

В.Н. Зеленков ◽

В.В. Латушкин ◽

В.В. Потапов ◽

В.В. Карпачев ◽

В.М. Косолапов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Role ◽

Plant Response ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Agricultural Plants

В работе представлены результаты скрининговых исследований 14 сельскохозяйственных растений с отличающимися биологическими и хозяйственно-полезными свойствами (17 генотипов, включая разные виды, сорта и гибриды) по оценке влияния гидротермального нанокремнезема на биомассу и высоту ростков при темновом проращивании. Выявлено четыре основных типа отклика (реакции) растений в изученном диапазоне концентраций (0,05; 0,01; 0,005; 0,001 и 0,0005%). Данные закономерности характерны как для показателя биомассы ростков, так и их высоты. Отмечена существенная роль генетического и эпигенетического факторов в формировании отзывчивости растений на применение гидротермального нанокремнезема при проращивании семян. The research presents the results of screening studies of 14 agricultural plants with different biological and useful economic properties (17 genotypes, including different species, varieties, and hybrids) to assess the effect of hydrothermal nanosilica on biomass and sprout height in the dark growth germination. Four main types of plant response were revealed in the studied concentration range (0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.0005%). These dependencies are characteristic both of the biomass sprout indicator and of the sprout height. The essential role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the formation of the plant response when using hydrothermal nanosilica in seed germination is pointed out.

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Biomarkers in vesicoureteral reflux: an overview

Biomarkers in Medicine ◽

10.2217/bmm-2019-0378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 683-696

Author(s):

Flávia C Valério ◽

Renata D Lemos ◽

Ana L de C Reis ◽

Letícia P Pimenta ◽

Érica LM Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽

Renal Scarring ◽

Reflux Nephropathy ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cellular Adhesion ◽

High Grade ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Cellular Adhesion Molecules ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Aim: This article aimed to review the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN). Methods: We reviewed articles from 1979 onward by searching PubMed and Scopus utilizing the combination of words: ‘VUR’ or ‘RN’ and each one of the biomarkers. Results: Genetic, inflammatory, fibrogenic, environmental and epigenetic factors responsible for renal scarring need to be better understood. TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF seem to exert a role in VUR particularly in RN based on the current literature. Serum levels of procalcitonin have been also associated with high-grade VUR and RN. These molecules should be more intensively evaluated as potential biomarkers for renal scarring in VUR. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to define which molecules will really be of utility in clinical decisions and as therapeutic targets for VUR and RN.

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Study on the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in relation to the BRCA genes in epithelial ovarian cancers

10.5353/th_b4257672 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Yuen-kwong Chan

Keyword(s):

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Ovarian Cancers ◽

Brca Genes

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Genetics, Epigenetics, and Gender Impact in Axial-Spondyloarthritis Susceptibility: An Update on Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Sex Related Associations

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.671976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Sole Chimenti ◽

Carlo Perricone ◽

Arianna D’Antonio ◽

Mario Ferraioli ◽

Paola Conigliaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Chromosome Instability ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Gender

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that can be divided into predominantly axial or predominantly peripheral involvement, with or without associated psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease or previous infection. Axial SpA (axSpA) encompasses ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with radiological sacroiliitis, and a type without radiographic sacroiliitis, called “non-radiographic axial SpA” (nr-axSpA). Males and females show large differences in their susceptibility to SpA, such as distinctions in clinical patterns, phenotypes and in therapeutical response, particularly to TNF inhibitors (TNFi). Several studies indicate that AS women have doubled risk to failure TNFi compared with males. This diversity in drugs’ efficacy among women and men may be caused by differences in the balance of sex hormones and in gene-specific expression likely triggered by X-chromosome instability and gene-specific epigenetic modifications. Evidence reported that polymorphisms in microRNAs on X- and other chromosomes, such as miR-146a, miR-155, miR-125a-5p, miR-151a-3p and miR-22-3p, miR-199a-5p could be involved in the different clinical presentation of SpA, as well as disease activity. In addition, association with non−response to TNFi treatment and presence of IRAK3 and CHUCK genes in SpA patients was recently detected. Finally, polymorphisms in genes involved in IL-23/IL-17 pathway, such as in drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may have a role in response to TNFi, IL17i, and IL23i. A major understanding of genomic variability could help in the development of new therapeutic targets or in taking advantages of different mechanisms of action of biological drugs. Moving from the multifactorial etiology of disease, the present review aims at evaluating genetic and epigenetic factors and their relationship with sex and bDMARDs response, helping to investigate the different expression among males and females of genes on X- and other chromosomes, as well as mi-RNA, to highlight relationships between sex and occurrence of specific phenotypes and symptoms of the disease. Moreover, the role of the epigenetic modification in relation to immune-regulatory mechanisms will be evaluated.

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Role of some epigenetic factors in DNA damage response pathway

AIMS Genetics ◽

10.3934/genet.2017.1.69 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 69-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mrinalini Tiwari ◽

◽

Suhel Parvez ◽

Paban K Agrawala

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Dna Damage Response ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Damage Response ◽

Dna Damage Response Pathway

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Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020333 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

Matina Kouvari ◽

Nathan M. D’Cunha ◽

Nikolaj Travica ◽

Domenico Sergi ◽

Manja Zec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders

Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well as the potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS and cognitive decline share common cardiometabolic pathways as MetS components can trigger cognitive impairment. On the other side, the risk factors for both MetS and cognitive impairment can be reduced by optimizing the nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related risk factors present during the prodromal period before cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among the most discussed predominantly plant-based diets in relation to cardiometabolic disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognition-related disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the consumption of specific dietary food groups as a part of the overall diet can improve cognitive outcomes, maybe due to their involvement in cardiometabolic paths. Conclusions: Early MetS detection may be helpful to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits to reverse such conditions and the urgency of early lifestyle interventions.

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Genetic and epigenetic factors of caries

SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA ◽

10.33295/1992-576x-2021-1-18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

O. Bilynskyi ◽

◽

Ye. Kostenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Critical Role ◽

Genetic Component ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Epigenetic Factors ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Population Characteristic ◽

Component Type ◽

Analytical Approaches

Summary. The paper analyzes the literature on the causes of caries, including the most common epigenetic factors, such as poor oral hygiene, adequate or deficient nutrition, the nature of food, biogeochemical and territorial factors, the content of microelements of water and soil, the level of environmental pollution, etc., as well as considering the genetic component, type of blood group, the structure of the hard tissues of the tooth, including a set of genes responsible for the occurrence and development of carious pathology. It was found that in conditions of fluoride and iodine deficiency, environmental factors have a critical role in the formation of the population-characteristic pattern of changes in dental status associated with the prevalence and intensity of caries. However, variations in these indicators may be partly mediated by the influence of genetically associated factors. The results of the analysis allowed to identify opportunities for the formulation of several independent analytical approaches that would help establish the significance of the genetic component in the structure of caries prognosis in terms of interaction with environmental conditions, actually determining how certain environmental factors can influence changes in genetic predisposition to caries. It can be summarized, that all currently available studies of the role of heredity in the risk structure of caries pathology is divided into two broad categories: identification of specific localized changes in genotype and verification of combinations or sets of such changes that can determine caries risk. Key words: caries, caries intensity, caries prevalence, genetics, twins, epigenetics, environment, saliva pH.

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