Prospects for the use of thyroid hormones in patients with heart failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pyvоvar ◽  
Yu. S. Rudyk ◽  
О. B. Krоtоva ◽  
L. V. Panina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine

Thyroid hormone therapy in the setting of heart failure is still an «open book» today. There are several unanswered questions: the regimen, doses and schedule of the use of thyroid hormones, the consequences of such therapy. At the same time, the presence of a comorbid pathology of the thyroid gland, which requires the appointment of levothyroxine, allows one to partially answer these questions. Thyroid hormones affect the diastolic and systolic functions of the myocardium. Ventricular contractile function is also affected by changes in hemodynamic conditions secondary to thyroid hormones and peripheral vascular tone. Thyroid hormone homeostasis maintains a positive ventricular-arterial ratio, resulting in a favorable balance for heart function. Experimental studies in rats have shown that chronic hypothyroidism alone can eventually lead to heart failure. Other studies suggest a decrease in the level of free triiodothyronine in the myocardium after myocardial infarction or with arterial hypertension due to the activation of type 3 deiodinase, which leads to deactivation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. To address these issues, the researchers propose conducting multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate the effects of thyroxine replacement in patients with chronic heart failure. The review highlights the growing body of evidence from animal studies and small clinical trials that suggests that low thyroid activity at the cardiac tissue level can negatively affect the progression of heart failure and that treatment with thyroid hormones can lead to an improved prognosis.

scholarly journals Empowering thyroid hormone research in human subjects using OMICs technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. R13-R29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Pietzner ◽  
Tim Kacprowski ◽  
Nele Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hormone Research ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

OMICs subsume different physiological layers including the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Recent advances in analytical techniques allow for the exhaustive determination of biomolecules in all OMICs levels from less invasive human specimens such as blood and urine. Investigating OMICs in deeply characterized population-based or experimental studies has led to seminal improvement of our understanding of genetic determinants of thyroid function, identified putative thyroid hormone target genes and thyroid hormone-induced shifts in the plasma protein and metabolite content. Consequently, plasma biomolecules have been suggested as surrogates of tissue-specific action of thyroid hormones. This review provides a brief introduction to OMICs in thyroid research with a particular focus on metabolomics studies in humans elucidating the important role of thyroid hormones for whole body metabolism in adults.

scholarly journals Demonstration of reciprocal diurnal variation in human serum T3 and rT3 concentration demonstrated by mass spectrometric analysis and establishment of thyroid hormone reference intervals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882092268
Author(s):  
Qian Sun ◽  
Lívia Avallone ◽  
Brian Stolze ◽  
Katherine A. Araque ◽  
Yesim Özarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Thyroxine

Background: There has been a wide range of reference intervals proposed in previous literature for thyroid hormones due to large between-assay variability of immunoassays, as well as lack of correction for collection time. We provided the diurnal reference intervals for five thyroid hormones, namely total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and reverse T3 (rT3), measured in serum samples of healthy participants using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Methods: Couplet serum samples (a.m. and p.m.) were collected from 110 healthy females and 49 healthy males. Healthy volunteers were recruited from four participating centers between 2016 and 2018. Measurements of thyroid hormones were obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis. Results: Our study revealed significant uptrend in AM to PM FT4 ( p < 0.0001) samples, downtrend in AM to PM TT3 ( p = 0.0004) and FT3 samples ( p < 0.0001), and AM to PM uptrend in rT3 samples ( p < 0.0001). No difference was observed for TT4 between AM and PM. No significant sex differences were seen for any of the five thyroid hormones. Conclusion: When diagnosing thyroid disorders, it is important to have accurate measurement of thyroid hormones, and to acknowledge the diurnal fluctuation found, especially for FT3. Our study highlights the importance of standardization of collection times and implementation of LC-MS/MS in thyroid hormone measurement.

Clinical and Experimental Studies on the Use of 3,5-Diiodothyropropionic Acid, a Thyroid Hormone Analogue, in Heart Failure

Thyroid ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Morkin ◽  
Gregory D. Pennock ◽  
Peter H. Spooner ◽  
Joseph J. Bahl ◽  
Steven Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hormone Analogue

Application of Erythropoietin in Chronic Heart Failure Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Pourtaji ◽  
Vajiheh Jahani ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Pharmacological Agents

: Heart failure (HF) is recognized as an important public health concern worldwide, especially in the developed countries, due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. Although new pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents have improved the clinical sequelae of HF in patients, its mortality remains high, especially among the elderly. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein, besides its traditional role in promoting erythropoiesis and production of erythroid progenitors, its beneficial role in reducing infarct area and improving heart function through EPO-induced anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects have been increasingly recognized. This review gathers the evidence to date about the effectiveness of EPO in HF patients. In addition to the growing evidence of EPO in treatment of HF in the animal studies for improving cardiac function and infarct size, more clinical studies are needed to assess the role of EPO treatment in the management of HF.

scholarly journals Correlations of Free Thyroid Hormones Measured by Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Immunoassay with Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone across 4 Patient Populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1380-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Jonklaas ◽  
Natasa Kahric-Janicic ◽  
Offie P Soldin ◽  
Steven J Soldin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormone

Abstract Background: Accurate measurement of free thyroid hormones is important for managing thyroid disorders. Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can reliably measure the concentrations of small molecules, including thyroid hormones. Our study was designed to compare free thyroid hormone measurements performed with immunoassay and LC-MS/MS. Methods: We studied the performance of LC-MS/MS in 4 different populations comprising pediatric patients, euthyroid adults, and healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women. The samples obtained from each population numbered 38, 200, 28, and 128, respectively. Free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were documented. Results: LC-MS/MS measurement of free thyroid hormones provided better correlation with log-transformed serum TSH in each population and also the populations combined. The correlations between free thyroxine measured by LC-MS/MS and log TSH in the pediatric outpatients and healthy adults were −0.90 and −0.77, respectively. The correlations for immunoassay were −0.82 and −0.48. The correlations between free triiodothyronine measured by LC-MS/MS and TSH for both pediatric and healthy adult populations were −0.72 and −0.68, respectively. Conclusions: Free thyroid hormone concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS correlate to a greater degree with log TSH values compared to concentrations measured by immunoassay. This correlation was maintained across the patient populations we studied and may reflect the accuracy and specificity of LC-MS/MS. The superior ability of LC-MS/MS to enable documentation of the well-known thyroid hormone–TSH relationship supports the use of this measurement technique in a variety of clinical situations.

THYROID PROFILE IN CHILDREN WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Meiyappan Kavitha ◽  
Mallaiyan Manonmani
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Renal Disorder

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal disorder seen in children, with proteinuria as the hallmark. Growth retardation is a known feature of nephrotic syndrome, either due to the disease or treatment with steroids. Thyroid hormone strongly inuences growth of the body. So, the present study was undertaken with the objective to assess the thyroid prole in children with nephrotic syndrome Methods: The study involved 41 cases of nephrotic syndrome and 41 age and sex matched controls. Serum total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed in these subjects. The thyroid hormones were correlated with urinary protein creatinine ratio. The cases were followed up after one month and the levels of thyroid hormones were reassessed. Results: Total T3, total T4, free T3 and free T4 are signicantly decreased and TSH signicantly increased among cases when compared to controls. TSH is positively correlating with urinary protein creatinine ratio in cases. After one month of treatment, total T3 and total T4 are signicantly increased in cases. Conclusions: The thyroid hormone levels are altered in children with nephrotic syndrome during the episode. A state of subclinical hypothyroidism exists during the nephrotic stage. The alteration is normalized with remission and does not require treatment.

Statins and myocardial remodelling: cell and molecular pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Porter ◽  
Neil A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The advent of statins has revolutionised the treatment of patients with raised plasma cholesterol and increased cardiovascular risk. However, the beneficial effects of this class of drugs are far greater than would be expected from lowering of cholesterol alone, and they appear to offer cardiovascular protection at multiple levels, primarily as a result of their pleiotropic activity. Indeed, their favourable effects on the heart seem to be mediated in part through reduced prenylation and subsequent inhibition of small GTPases, particularly those of the Rho family. Such statin-mediated effects are manifested by reduced onset of heart failure and improvements in cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in heart failure patients. Experimental studies have shown that statins mediate their effects on the two major resident cell types of the heart–cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts–and thus facilitate improvement of adverse remodelling of ischaemic or non-ischaemic aetiology. This review examines evidence for the cellular effects of statins in the heart, and discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms at the level of the cardiomyocyte (hypertrophy, cell death and contractile function) and the cardiac fibroblast (differentiation, proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis). The prospects for future therapies and ongoing clinical trials are also summarised.

Elevated cardiac tissue level of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor in diastolic heart failure: beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blocker

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. R946-R954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohito Ohtani ◽  
Miho Ohta ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiaki Mano ◽  
Yasushi Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Ventricular Fibrosis

Cardiac aldosterone levels have not been evaluated in diastolic heart failure (DHF), and its roles in this type of heart failure remain unclear. This study aimed to detect cardiac aldosterone by use of a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method and to assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade on hypertensive DHF. Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed 8% NaCl diet from 7 wk (hypertensive DHF model) were divided at 13 wk into three groups: those treated with subdepressor doses of eplerenone (12.5 or 40 mg·kg−1·day−1) and an untreated group. Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed 0.3% NaCl diet served as controls. Cardiac aldosterone was detected in the DHF rats but not in the control rats, with increased ventricular levels of mineralocorticoid receptor. Cardiac levels of 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone were not different between the control and DHF rats, but the tissue level of corticosterone that has an affinity to mineralocorticoid receptor was 1,000 times as high as that of aldosterone. Aldosterone synthase activity and CYP11B2 mRNA were undetectable in the ventricular tissue of the DHF rats. Administration of eplerenone attenuated ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis, myocardial stiffening, and relaxation abnormality, leading to the prevention of overt DHF. In summary, the myocardial aldosterone level increased in the DHF rats. However, its value was extremely low compared with corticosterone, and no evidence for enhancement of intrinsic myocardial aldosterone production was found. The upregulation of mineralocorticoid receptor may play a central role in the pathogenesis of DHF, and blockade of mineralocorticoid receptor is likely an effective therapeutic regimen of DHF.

Thyroid hormone levels in Tortoises (Testudo spp.) depending on Season and Sex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Leineweber ◽  
Sabine Öfner ◽  
Karina Mathes ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Rachel E. Marschang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid hormones and the factors influencing them are rarely studied in tortoises. This study therefore aimed to calculate reference intervals (RI) for specific species, sexes, and seasons for thyroid hormones and iodine levels in blood of four adult Mediterranean tortoise species and to evaluate possible correlations between thyroid hormones, serum iodine, plasma protein and increased liver and kidney values. Thyroid hormones (total tetraiodothyronine [tT4], free tetraiodothyronine [fT4], total triiodothyronine [tT3], and free triiodothyronine [fT3]) were measured in plasma from adult, healthy Hermann´s (Testudo hermanni, n = 255), spur-thighed (Testudo graeca, n = 89), marginated (Testudo marginata, n = 72), and Russian tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii, n = 30). Species, sex and season specific variations were determined by Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and correlations between plasma thyroid hormones, protein, iodine and increased liver/kidney values were evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation test. Total T4 did not reveal any species, sex, or seasonal differences (RI 0.102 to 0.455 µg/dL), while seasonal differences were found for fT4 (RI spring 0.624 to 9.012; summer 0.379 to 5.476; fall 0.376 to 5.426 pmol/L). The tT3 levels differed significantly depending on species, season, and the interaction of species x season. Seasonal differences were also found for fT3 and iodine. Several significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlations were detected between the tested analytes, especially positive correlations between tT4 and fT4. These results provide a tool for the evaluation of thyroid hormone levels in Mediterranean tortoises and indicate the influence of season on the thyroid in these animals.

Abstract 12606: Autophagy is Required for Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Heart

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonggang Li ◽  
Quanjiang Zhang ◽  
Karla Pires ◽  
E. Dale Abel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cardiac Contractile Function ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Deficient Mice

Autophagy is an essential process that maintains cellular homeostasis via lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy has been found to be involved in various pathophysiological conditions in the heart, including myocardial hypertrophy and ischemic heart disease. However, the precise mechanism by which autophagy maintains cardiac function in the non-stressed heart is incompletely understood. We generated cardiac-specific ATG3 deficient mice (cATG3 KO mice) by crossing αMHC-Cre mice with floxed ATG3 mice. Relative to their wild type (WT) littermates, cATG3 KO mice revealed reduced ATG3 expression and inhibited autophagy specifically in the heart. At 4 months of age, cATG3 KO mice showed impaired cardiac contractile function, characterized by a 25% reduction in fractional shortening by echocardiography (p <0.01), Moreover, cATG3 KO mice revealed increased lipid accumulation, reduced fatty acid oxidation and impaired mitochondrial respirations in the heart, without evidence of fibrosis or inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cATG3 KO mice was accompanied with mitochondrial content loss and reduced expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes (PGC1α, NRF1, NRF2 and TFAM). Interestingly, autophagy inhibition, induced mitochondrial biogenesis defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal cATG3 KO mice (1 week old), prior to the onset of cardiac contractile dysfunction and heart failure, suggesting that cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction may be an early event in the progression of heart failure in the autophagy deficient mice. Finally, in response to exercise training mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1 alpha induction and increased respiration rates) was completely inhibited in ATG3 deficient mice. In conclusion, autophagy is essential for generating signals that promote mitochondrial biogenesis, and is indispensable for normal heart function under basal conditions.

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