Agricultural Commodity Zakat: Aspects of the Determination of 'Illat Law and Maṣlahah'

Nowadays, agricultural commodities are experiencing rapid growth and development with new agricultural innovations such as grafted plants and cross-breeding plants to more modern agriculture, namely hydroponics. This condition causes the agricultural products able to increase the income of farmers significantly. Agricultural products in Islamic law are one type of property that is obligatory for zakat. However, the arguments governing agricultural zakat only mention some agricultural products that are obligatory on zakat, including Jawawud, Wheat, Dates, and Raisins, so some agricultural commodities are out of the reach in these arguments, so there are no legal provisions. This research aims to see how to determine the legal provisions of zakat on agricultural or plantation commodities. This research is using literature studies method. The results of this study indicate that the product of agricultural commodities that have high economic value are qiyās on the types of fruits and grains that are obligatory for zakat, mentioned in the arguments of the Al-Qur' ān and Sunnah with various characteristics, and the functions it has, so that the provisions of agricultural zakat can be applied in issuing zakat on agricultural commodities. Then in terms of maslahah and maqasid shari'ah, the obligation of zakat on agricultural commodities can help fulfill the needs of the poor in particular, and mustahik zakat in general.<div> Komoditas pertanian dewasa ini mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang sangat pesat dengan inovasi pertanian yang baru seperti tanaman cangkok, tanaman hasil perkawinan silang hingga pertanian yang lebih modern yaitu hidroponik. Di mana hasil pertanian tersebut mampu meningkatkan penghasilan para petani secara signifikan. Hasil pertanian dalam hukum Islam adalah salah satu jenis harta yang wajib zakat. Tetapi, dali-dalil yang mengatur tentang zakat pertanian hanya menyebutkan beberapa hasil pertanian yang wajib zakat diantaranya, Jawawud, Gandum, Kusrma dan Kismis, maka secara tidak langsung hasil komoditas pertanian tidak tersentuh sama sekali di dalam dalil tersebut sehingga tidak ada ketetapan hukumnya. Tujuan dari penlitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana penentuan ketentuan hukum dari zakat hasil komoditas pertanian atau perkebunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi literatur. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil komoditas pertanian yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi di-qiyās-kan pada jenis buah-buahan dan biji-bijian wajib zakat yang disebutkan dalam dalil-dalil al-Qur’ān dan Sunnah dengan berbagai sifat dan fungsi yang dimilikinya, sehingga ketentuan-ketentuan zakat pertanian dapat diberlakukan dalam mengeluarkan zakat hasil komoditas pertanian. Kemudian dilihat dari segi maslahah dan maqāṣid syarī’ah, kewajiban zakat komoditas pertanian dapat membantu terpenuhinya kebutuhan fakir miskin khususnya, dan mustahik zakat pada umunya. </div>

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Comparison of Aerodynamic, Bowen-Ratio, and Penman-Monteith Methods in Estimating Evapotranspiration of Oil Palm Plantation

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.32.1.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Tania June ◽

Ni Wayan Srimani Puspa Dewi ◽

Ana Meijide

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Economic Value ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Reference Method ◽

Bowen Ratio ◽

Ratio Method ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Evapotranspiration Rate ◽

Oil Palms

Oil palm is one important agricultural commodity that has high economic value. Oil palm productivity is significantly influenced by its water use (needs). Measurement and estimation of oil palm evapotranspiration is needed for determination of its water needs. Various methods are available and this study compare three methods, consisting of aerodynamic, Bowen-Ratio and Penman-Monteith methods in analyzing water needs/use of oil palms plantation located in PTPN VI Jambi. Peak of evapotranspiration rate occured in the afternoon around 13.00 and 14.00 local time. Bowen-Ratio method has higher estimation value of evapotranspiration than the other two methods. Ratio between evapotranspiration and global radiation of two and ten-years old oil palm plantations remain similar, around 47%. Penman Monteith method has the nearest estimation value to reference method (aerodynamic method) showed by the smallest RMSE value, 0.087 for two years oil palm and 0.157 for ten-years old oil palm.

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Akibat Hukum Pengangkatan Anak menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak

Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum ◽

10.31289/jiph.v6i1.2473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Adawiyah Nasution

Keyword(s):

Child Protection ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Field Research ◽

Adoptive Parents ◽

Primary Data ◽

Adopted Children ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

The Right

<h1>The purpose of this study is to assess the legal provisions of the children under Law No. 23 of 2002 and to explain the consequences of the child's adoption law. In addition, to know the legal protection of adopted children under the Child Protection Act is reviewed from Islamic Law Preformance law Practice in Indonesia. To examine the matter, a descriptive study was conducted with a normative juridical approach that was conducted only on the written rules. The collection of data is derived from the literature research and supported field research studies on the appointment of Court and Civil registry office. Primary data collection tools are informant with the interview guidelines whereas data analysis is done with a qualitative approach using the logical and inductive thinking logic in the field of law. In the content of this article shows that, firstly, the consequences of child adoption generally arise with the appointment of a court by not deciding the adoption of adopted children with their biological parents, which switching is the right of custody. In the case of inheritance, the appointment of children based on the determination of the Court of Justice is entitled to the inheritance of his adoptive parents based on wills. Thirdly, with the determination of the adoption of children from the courts, the consequence is the protection of adopted children can be assured of the custody of the law and the inheritance of its adoptive parents.</h1><h1> </h1>

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Financialization of Indian agricultural commodities: the case of index investments

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-05-2021-0254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manogna RL ◽

Aswini Kumar Mishra

Keyword(s):

Institutional Investors ◽

Extreme Values ◽

Commodity Prices ◽

Equity Markets ◽

Commodity Markets ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Content Type ◽

Index Value

PurposeThe phenomenon known as financialization of commodities, arising from the speculation in commodity derivatives market, has raised serious concerns in the recent past. This has prompted distortion in agricultural commodity prices driving them away from rational levels of supply and demand shocks. In the backdrop of financialized commodities leading to increase in price of agricultural products and their interaction with equity markets, the authors examine the investment of institutional investors in impacting the agricultural returns. The paper aims to focus on the financial mechanism that drives extreme values and the mean of agricultural returns.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ the Threshold AutoRegressive Quantile (TQAR) methodology to find evidence of linkages between the Indian agricultural and equity markets from January 2010 to May 2020 consistent with the rise in inflows of institutional investors in agricultural markets.FindingsThe results reveal that the investors impact the agricultural commodity markets strongly when the composite commodity index value (COMDEX) is low. Additionally, in the lower extreme quantiles (0.25) of agricultural returns, the integration between the equity index and agricultural returns is found to be highly significant compared to insignificant values in the higher quantiles (0.75 and 0.95) in both the regimes. The results suggest that low values of agricultural commodities are more closely linked to equity indices when composite commodity index value is low. This implies that, at the lower quantiles of COMDEX return (bad day), the investors move to the stock market. In that way, the commodity index returns are seen to be as a strong channel for the financialization of Indian agricultural commodities and suggesting potential involvement of investors during those regime.Research limitations/implicationsRegulators need to anticipate the price fluctuations in spot and futures markets. Investors in commodity markets need to strengthen risk awareness to carry out portfolio strategies.Practical implicationsFrom policy perspective, it is of pivotal importance to enhance the understanding of the financialization of agricultural products. The findings provide reference measures to stabilize the commodity markets, alleviate price distortions and carry out further evidence of price discovery and risk management in Indian commodity markets.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to highlight the potential influence of financial markets on the financialization of agricultural commodities in an emerging economy like India.

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The Effect of Land Characteristics on Agricultural Productivity Using Multiple Linear Regression Method in Madiun Regency, East Java

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132502005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 325 ◽

pp. 02005

Author(s):

Elya Pratiwi Istifaroh ◽

Rika Harini

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Linear Regression Method ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Regression Methods

Agriculture is an important sector to support national food availability. Soil and climatic conditions in Indonesia are very suitable for agriculture. However, the land characteristics in each region are different, Especially in Madiun Regency, where this study is conducted. This study aims to determine what commodities are suitable for the characteristics of the land based on land suitability and how land characteristics influence agricultural productivity. The data used in this research is secondary data. Determination of agricultural commodities is carried out by cross-checking between land characteristics and guidelines for agricultural commodity land requirements. There are six types of agricultural commodities that are suitable for land characteristics in Madiun Regency. The effect of land characteristics consisting of several parameters on agricultural productivity was sought using multiple linear regression methods. The processing results are known that 8 variables of land characteristics significantly affect agricultural productivity by 93%. The independent variables were tested using the Simultaneous F-Test and were known to have a simultaneous (together) effect on agricultural productivity. In addition, a Partial T-Test was conducted, and it was found that there were only two variables that had a partial effect, namely the soil CEC characteristics and the sand characteristics.

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POLA TRANSAKSI PADA COMMODITY EXCHANGE : Perspektif Hukum Islam

Al-ISTINBATH Jurnal Hukum Islam ◽

10.29240/jhi.v2i2.283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Efrinaldi Efrinaldi

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Economic Value ◽

Spot Market ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Effective Control ◽

Spot Markets ◽

Futures Trading ◽

Commodity Exchange ◽

Price Fluctuations ◽

Islamic Economic

Transactions on commodity exchange as futures trading are seen from the contract cycles as a pure trade activity, reduce the risk of profit from buying and selling, as a result of price fluctuations on trading commodities. Price fluctuations can be predicted and transactions begin with analysis, while risk can be protected. The type of transaction on physical goods and the spot market, in the perspective of Islamic economic law, can be tolerated. Certain types of trade (al-tijarah) have been arranged in syara ', because indeed the forms of transactions in such trades have been tolerated in the time of the Prophet. Spot markets, such as transactions of agricultural products, livestock, minerals, handicrafts, industry, and so forth. While transactions service that are non-physical, eg rent (al-ujrah) and wage-hire (al-ijarah). The aim of trade is essentially objects of economic value with the availability of goods in aqad assemblies (at the time of the transaction). In the Islamic review, this also applies to items that are not available or without presenting the goods at the time of the transaction, provides the ordered item is concrete of its nature. This is non-existent form of trade (such as al-salam), in Islamic law studies, depends on seller's effective control and ability to deliver. There is a protection against the value of goods transacted from probabilities that are inconsistent with the properties specified in the aqad assemblies, protection against the interests of consumer from loss (cut loss) and no disappointment in the future. In futures trading, it is known as the term of hedging

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Community Empowerment through Agricultural Commodity Processing Training as an Effort to Improve Community Welfare in Kerta Barat Village, East Java

Journal of Community Practice and Social Welfare ◽

10.33479/jacips.2021.1.1.1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

R Amilia Destryana ◽

Ismawati Ismawati ◽

Rika Diananing Putri ◽

Ratih Yuniastri

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Economic Value ◽

Food Product ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Processed Food ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Tomato Sauce ◽

Chili Powder ◽

Agricultural Materials

Kerta Barat Village in Dasuk District is one of several tomato and chili producing areas in Sumenep Regency. The economic potential of processed food production from agricultural commodities is considerable. This potential can be further increased by harvest abundance. Tomatoes and cayenne chillies are categorized as agricultural commodities with a shelf life and are difficult to store for long periods. The best solution to the overabundance of crop products is by processing these agricultural materials into processed products capable of extended periods of storage. Additionally, processed food products will add to the economic value of the commodity itself. This community service aims to empower the people of Kerta Barat Village by exploiting the potential of agricultural commodities through the processing of tomato sauce and cayenne chilli powder products. This activity was carried out through training and mentoring on the subject of food product processing of tomato sauce and cayenne chili powder. Knowledge and skill increase were seen to have followed this empowerment activity, namely partners can process tomato and cayenne chilly commodities into tomato sauce and cayenne chili powder products through the use of simple technology. A social impact was perceived where partners have become acquainted with agricultural commodity processing technology, namely for the process of drying and size reduction in the manufacturing of processed tomato and cayenne chili products. Additionally, the utilization of post-harvest technologies is crucial for the process of making produced commodities more useful and increase its economic value, which in turn can lead to welfare for the locals.

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CHILDRENS EVIDENCE IN CUSTODY DISPUTES CASES IN THE SHARIA COURTS

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

pp. 467-472

Author(s):

Zaini Nasohah ◽

◽

Wafaa Yusof ◽

Zuliza Mohd Kusrin ◽

Muhammad Nazir Alias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Custody ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

Custody Disputes ◽

Evidence Disclosure ◽

The Right ◽

Support Evidence

In the process of trial in court, evidence disclosure is essential to uphold justice. Basically, every party is qualified to provide evidence before the judge decides. In the case of child custody disputes, besides the statements by the mother and the father, statements from the child involved can help the court in making the right decision. According to Islamic law, children who have attained the age of mumayyiz can be given the opportunity to choose. In addition, their views can also be taken as a support evidence to help the court make a decision. This article will analyse childrens rights to express their views, particularly in the determination of child custody disputes. The debate also looks at current legal provisions and practices in the Sharia Court. The analysis found that judges approach in accepting childrens evidence varies. There are still no specific procedures that can be used as a guide by the Sharia Court. The differences include the methods of interviewing or taking recorded statements, the procedures applied and the location where statements are recorded.

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Quantitative Determination of Tremortins in Agricultural Commodities

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/54.5.1035 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 1035-1036

Author(s):

C T Hou ◽

A Ciegler ◽

C W Hesseltine

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Quantitative Determination ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Chloroform Methanol

Abstract The procedure described for the quantitative determination of tremortins in agricultural commodities involves extracting the agricultural commodity with chloroform-methanol (2 + 1), followed by thin layer chromatography and colorimetric assay. This procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of tremortin A added to grains and the production of tremortins A and B on various commodities.

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Comparison of Aerodynamic, Bowen-Ratio, and Penman-Monteith Methods in Estimating Evapotranspiration of Oil Palm Plantation

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.32.1.11-20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Tania June ◽

Ni Wayan Srimani Puspa Dewi ◽

Ana Meijide

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Economic Value ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Reference Method ◽

Bowen Ratio ◽

Ratio Method ◽

Agricultural Commodity ◽

Evapotranspiration Rate ◽

Oil Palms

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Al-Maslahah Al-Mursalah dalam Penentuan Hukum Islam

JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI ISLAM ◽

10.29040/jiei.v4i1.140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Hendri Hermawan Adinugraha ◽

Mashudi Mashudi

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Social Change ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Human Life ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

The Times ◽

Legal Product

The beginning of the problem in the development of Islamic law was coincided after the death of Prophet Muhammad SAW. The legal issues that emerge along with the advancement of the times and the development of technology and social change continue to emerge as the dynamics of human life “current era” in this world. The verses of the Qur’an and the hadiths of the Prophet are required to be able to solve the problems of the ummah. The existence of al-maslahah al-mursalah is a formulation of contemporary ijtihad in establishing Islamic law by keeping referring to the two sources of law namely Alqur’an and al-hadist, in order to find answers of various problems that arise in the midst of the ummah. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the relevance of al-maslahah al-mursalah with the context of current matters as the determination of Islamic law. The method of analysis in this qualitative research uses literature approach by reading some works on al-maslahah al-mursalah in the determination of Islamic law. The results of the study and the analysis of this study show that al-maslahah al-mursalah can only be a legal determination on mu’amalah affairs, it has been agreed by jumhurul ‘ulama. The legal product established by the al-maslahah al-mursalah method was considered to be more effective and flexible in dealing with and answering contemporary mu’amalah issues that have not clearly stated its legal provisions in the texts, without violating the rules of the Qur’an and hadith. The purpose of al-maslahah al-mursalah is to optimize the maintenance of the benefit of mankind, because it is a reflection of the manifestations of the concept of hifzu ad-din, an-nafs, al-’aql, an-nasl, and al-mal (al-’aradh).Saran sitasi: Adinugraha, H., & Mashudi, M. (2018). Al-Maslahah Al-Mursalah dalam Penentuan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4(01), 63-75. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1.140

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