scholarly journals BANGUNAN KEAGAMAAN HINDU-BUDDHA MENURUT URAIAN KAKAWIN NAGARAKRTAGAMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-190
Author(s):  
Agus Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Historical Approach ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
The Temple

During the Majapahit era, the Nagarakrtagama book in the form of kakawin (Old Javanese poetry) was composed by Mpu Prapanca, the kakawin was completed in 1365 AD. no longer exist because it collapsed or the location is not yet known. Using an archaeological-historical approach, this study discusses several sacred buildings mentioned in the Nagarakrtagama whose existence can still be known archaeologically. The analysis was carried out by combining the written data from Nagarakrtagama with archaeological data in the form of temples on the site, to then review some of the features of the temple building. Through the analysis carried out, it can be seen that during the Majapahit era there were at least 3 types of religious buildings based on their religious background, namely Hindu-saiwa, Bauddha, and Shiva-Buddha. The most sacred buildings erected are Hindu-saiwa, it seems that in general, the Majapahit population embraces this religion. There is also a two-religious temple, namely Shiva-Buddha and a pendharmaan temple building that was erected to glorify a deceased figure, while a rare Bauddha sacred building is found in Majapahit. It seems that Buddhism did develop on a limited basis at that time.Key words: Majapahit, Hinduism, Buddha, temple, Mahameru, gods

Natsef-Amun, keeper of the bulls: a comparative study of the paleopathology and archaeology of an Egyptian mummy

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rosalie David
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Investigation ◽  
Egyptian Mummy ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Contemporary Study ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
Egyptian History ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Rare Opportunity

The mummy of Natsef-Amun, a priest in the Temple of Amun at Karnak (ca.1000 BC), was purchased for the Leeds Philosophical Society, England, in 1823. Members of the Society unwrapped the mummy and carried out one of the earliest multi-disciplinary mummy investigations in 1824. In recent years, the Manchester Mummy Project undertook a new scientific study of this mummy. The range of techniques they employed included radiology, paleoodontology, endoscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, paleoserology, aDNA identification, and scientific facial reconstruction. This rare opportunity to compare the methodology and results of an early investigation with those of a contemporary study will be considered in this paper which will also demonstrate how scientific studies can add new information to historical and archaeological data about lifestyle, diseases, death and funerary procedures associated with a priest who lived at a tumultuous period of Egyptian history.

Bioarchaeological Analysis of Sacrificial Victims from a Postclassic Maya Temple from Ixlu, el Peten, Guatemala

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Distance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Ritual Violence ◽  
Cultural Modification ◽  
Enemy Combatants ◽  
The Temple ◽  
El Peten

AbstractExcavations at the site of Ixlú in northern Guatemala recovered a series of skulls and dismembered postcrania from a Postclassic (ca. A.D. 1000—1525) Maya temple. The current study considers demography, taphonomy (including mortuary processing), cultural modification and biological distance among the remains in light of ethnohistoric and archaeological data. Doing so addresses who made the deposits, why they were made, and who was interred, and informs on the use of ritual violence in the Postclassic Southern Lowlands. Six skulls were arranged in pairs on the east-west midline of the building, and fifteen skulls were placed in rows in the center of the building. All of the skulls faced east. Four postcrania were placed perpendicular to the skull rows. The skulls and postcrania were primarily late adolescent to young adult males. Three of the individuals exhibited a rare dental trait, supernumerary teeth, indicating that at least some of the individuals were related. The most likely scenario to account for the deposits is that the Itzá, a dominant political group in the area, sacrificed enemy combatants drawn from raiding and buried them as a part of a dedicatory ritual in the temple.

scholarly journals JEWS IN EUROPE AND THE BEGINNING OF ARAB-JEWISH CONFLICTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Megawati ◽  
Hasaruddin Hasaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
The Temple

This article discusses the development of Judaism in European and the history of the Arab-Jewish conflict. Researchers in this case uses qualitative methods by collecting library data. The historical approach is an alternative research in tracing the traces of Jews in Europe and the beginning of the Arab-Jewish conflict. The author comes to the conclusion that a change of power, conquest, war has brought the Jewish nation to the pain of continuing suffering. Get discriminatory treatment to be the lowest class and intolerance treatment from the authorities who control the area where they settled. The unfair treatment they received from the authorities until 70 AD when the Jews under Roman rule broke out but ended in failure and caused damage to their own diei. The Temple of Solomon which was the center of their religious worship in Jerusalem was destroyed. These conditions caused the Jewish people to scatter to the outside world which became known as The Great Diaspora.

scholarly journals COMBINING PUBLIC DOMAIN AND PROFESSIONAL PANORAMIC IMAGERY FOR THE ACCURATE AND DENSE 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYED BEL TEMPLE IN PALMYRA

2016 ◽  
Vol III-5 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wahbeh ◽  
S. Nebiker ◽  
G. Fangi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Dense Image ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Dense 3D Reconstruction

This paper exploits the potential of dense multi-image 3d reconstruction of destroyed cultural heritage monuments by either using public domain touristic imagery only or by combining the public domain imagery with professional panoramic imagery. The focus of our work is placed on the reconstruction of the temple of Bel, one of the Syrian heritage monuments, which was destroyed in September 2015 by the so called "Islamic State". The great temple of Bel is considered as one of the most important religious buildings of the 1st century AD in the East with a unique design. The investigations and the reconstruction were carried out using two types of imagery. The first are freely available generic touristic photos collected from the web. The second are panoramic images captured in 2010 for documenting those monuments. In the paper we present a 3d reconstruction workflow for both types of imagery using state-of-the art dense image matching software, addressing the non-trivial challenges of combining uncalibrated public domain imagery with panoramic images with very wide base-lines. We subsequently investigate the aspects of accuracy and completeness obtainable from the public domain touristic images alone and from the combination with spherical panoramas. We furthermore discuss the challenges of co-registering the weakly connected 3d point cloud fragments resulting from the limited coverage of the touristic photos. We then describe an approach using spherical photogrammetry as a virtual topographic survey allowing the co-registration of a detailed and accurate single 3d model of the temple interior and exterior.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of the Temple of Athena in Poseidonia-Paestum (Southern Italy): New Geomorphological, Geophysical and Archaeological Data

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Cozzolino ◽  
Fausto Longo ◽  
Natascia Pizzano ◽  
Maria Luigia Rizzo ◽  
Ottavia Voza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The Temple of Athena is one of the main sacred areas of the Greek–Roman settlement of Poseidonia-Paestum (southern Italy). Several archaeological excavations were carried out here between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Unfortunately, the locations of these excavations are only approximately known, as are the geomorphology and stratigraphy of the temple area. A multidisciplinary study, including stratigraphic, geomorphological, archaeological, and sedimentological investigations, remote sensing, and electromagnetic and geoelectrical tests, was therefore carried out, shedding new light on the geomorphology and stratigraphy of the SW and W temple sectors. The geophysical data obtained revealed anomalies in the subsoil that probably correspond to ancient structures and the cutting of the travertine deposits around the temple. The position and extension of the trenches of the early archaeological excavations were also established.

scholarly journals The bricks of E-sagil

Iraq ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 173-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. George
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Written Sources

The intention of this article is to continue the process of comparing modern archaeological data relating to Babylon and its buildings with the ancient written sources. Previous work has produced results for the topography of the city, particularly the location of the city's gates, quarters and temples, and has achieved some success with two individual structures, namely the temple of Marduk under the mound Amran ibn Ali, and the eastern city wall at its junction with the river defences to the south of the same mound. A newly published text adds considerably to the textual material avail able for study of the cult-centre of Marduk, so that it is useful once again to go back inside E-sagil (E-sangil).Given the exalted position of Marduk's temple at Babylon as the supreme sanctuary of Babylonia in the first millennium, it is no surprise that there survives a relatively large number of documentary sources which shed light on this building, its ground-plan and its interior. These include building inscriptions, of course, but such texts are not informative about lay-out so much as the work undertaken. Rituals are also useful, in that they sometimes describe the progress of processions in temples, but the most rewarding texts for those who would wish to know more about the ground-plan of the temple, its architecture and cultic fixtures and fittings, are: a) metrological texts which give measurements of temples, and b) “topographical” and other texts which list the ceremonial names of shrines, gates, throne-daises and other cultic fixtures and fittings.

scholarly journals ON THE ORIGINS OF SACRED ARCHITECTURE: INTERPRETATIONS OF THE EGYPTIAN TEMPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Paga
Keyword(s):  
Internal Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Sacred Architecture ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Temple

Abstract: According to the interpretation of Hegel, Egyptian religious buildings, and among them especially the temples, represent the beginning of the history of architecture, and so the beginning of the entire history of art.The Egyptian religious architecture has a symbolic character, because its configuration tries to represent the spiritual content without being fully adequate to it. So the Egyptian temple alludes to the divine through its entire structure, but does not have a proper internal space, dedicated to the worship of the image of God.On this point, contemporary Egyptology corrected Hegel’s view, because broadly speaking the Egyptian temple had an interior where the image of the deity was safeguarded. However, Hegel’s thesis paradoxically remains suitable for a particular case of the Egyptian experience that he could not know at that time: in the monotheistic religion of Amarna, the temple of the sun-god Aton has no images and does not have a center, because the Divine is present everywhere, like the sunlight that illuminates equally all over the temple.Key words: Egypt; architecture; temple; symbol; image.

Dinamiche cultuali ad Assur in età arsacide: alcune osservazioni

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Enrico Marcato
Keyword(s):  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Temple

Abstract The massive Temenos of Assor and Serū (Assyrian Aššur and Šerūʾa) in Arsacid Ashur testifies to the cult of ancient Assyrian deities in this venerable, albeit peripheric, city in Northern Mesopotamia between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. It is also well known that the temple of Assor and Serū proper, built exactly above the Neo-Assyrian temple of Aššur, has yielded several Aramaic inscriptions that provide substantial evidence for the continuity of some Assyrian cults, onomastic, and religious calendar. Thanks to the joint analysis of epigraphic and archaeological data from the temple, the present paper aims at highlighting some aspects of cultic practice, namely the regular presence of some individuals during solemn festivities.

III. Sanctuaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Keyword(s):  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

The way in which Greek places of worship feature in the current popular imagination is much influenced by the remnants of a few surviving temples, such as Athena's Parthenon or Poseidon's temple at Sounion. Yet these aesthetically pleasing but ruined and empty buildings give little insight into their former functions or furnishings. Moreover, a (perhaps unconscious) comparison with modern religious buildings, such as churches, mosques, and synagogues, might lead us to think of an ancient sanctuary as normally consisting of just the temple – which would be a real mistake. So let us first look at sanctuaries proper (§1), then their locations (§2), and, finally, their secular and religious functions (§3).

scholarly journals Reasons of How Adventists Pioneers Accepted the Truth about Sabbath (1844-1863)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1908-1926
Author(s):  
Yohanes Verdianto
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
New World ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Ten Commandments ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Temple

Introduction: Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) emerged as a denomination in the nineteenth century amid Sunday’s observance domination. The majority of the SDA pioneers are Sunday keepers. The seventh-day Sabbath was first brought to the Millerite Adventists by Rachel Oakes. She is a member of the Seventh-day Baptist who joined the Millerite Adventists. The first time the seventh-day Sabbath was introduced in Millerite Adventists, there was upheaval and conflict. But finally, a group of Sabbatarian Adventists was formed which kept the seventh-day Sabbath. This group finally became SDA Church. The purpose of this work is to find out what were the reasons for the Adventists pioneers to accept the Sabbath.    Result: This paper argued that there were four reasons why Sabbatarian Adventists received the seventh-day Sabbath. First, the Sabbatarian Adventists kept the seventh-day Sabbath because of their investigation of the Bible, which led them to abandon Sunday observance and accepted the Sabbath. Second, one of the co-founders of the SDA, Ellen G. White, confirmed that the Sabbath is related to the temple in heaven, because the Ten Commandments, including the fourth commandment, still remains there and never been eliminated. Third, the pioneers of the SDA also found that there was a connection between the Sabbath and the three angels’ messages, in which the issue will be the worship of God and its closely related to the seventh-day Sabbath. Fourth, they saw that Sabbath was related to eschatology. In this understanding, they understood that Sabbath would still be observed in the new world.    Method: This paper is a historical approach using documentary research method. For each reasons, researcher utilizes primary resources. Secondary resources are employed only to see current opinions about the issue.

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