Zinc Standard Solution TS

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Solution

Computational simulation applied to improve fuel bioethanol distillation

2013 ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
Fabio R.M. Batista ◽  
Antonio J.A. Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Steam Consumption ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Central Composite

Experimental validation of the process simulation a typical industrial bioethanol unit was conducted, comparing the obtained results with the information collected in an industrial plant. A standard solution containing water, ethanol and 17 congeners was chosen to represent the fermented must, whose composition was selected according to analyses of samples of industrial wines. A careful study of the vapour-liquid equilibrium of the wine components was performed. An attempt to optimise the industrial plant was conducted considering two optimising approaches: the central composite design (CCD) and the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). The process was investigated in terms of bioethanol alcoholic graduation, ethanol recovery, energy consumption and ethanol loss. The results showed that the simulation approach was capable of correctly reproducing a real plant of bioethanol distillation and that the optimal conditions are slightly different from those used at the industrial plant investigated. Substantial fluctuations in wine composition were easily controlled for the two loop controls preventing an off-specification product. The optimised conditions indicate a distillation process able to produce bioethanol according to the legislation requirements and with appropriate steam consumption and loss of ethanol. However, for the production of alcohols with superior qualities, substantial changes in the production system may be required.

scholarly journals Capillary Effect Enhancement in a Plastic Capillary Tube by Nanostructured Surface

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Kazuma Kurihara ◽  
Ryohei Hokari ◽  
Naoki Takada
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Capillary Effect ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Nanostructure Fabrication ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Plastic Surfaces

We investigated the enhancement of the capillary effect in a plastic capillary tube using only a nanostructured surface. Since plastic is a hydrophobic material, the capillary effect does not emerge without an additional coating or plasma treatment process. Therefore, capillary effect enhancement by the nanostructure fabrication method is expected to reduce the cost and minimise the contamination produced in the human body. By combining a hydrophilic nylon resin and a nanostructure at the tip of the plastic pipette, we could confirm that the capillary effect was produced solely by the tube fabrication process. The produced capillary effect increased linearly with increasing nanostructure height when a standard solution with a surface tension of 70 mN·m−1 was used. Thus, we can conclude that including the plastic part with nanostructure can be useful for biomedical applications. In addition, we suggest that the proposed method is highly effective in controlling the wetting properties of plastic surfaces, compared to the typical coating or plasma treatment processes.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a gas chromatography method for the determination of β-caryophyllene in clove extract and its application

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Hee Park ◽  
Chul Jin Kim ◽  
Jin Young Lee ◽  
In Seon Kim ◽  
Sung-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Active Constituent ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Specificity Test ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Clove Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of the analysis method that separates and quantifies β-caryophyllene among clove extracts and validate according to current ICH guidelines. The β-caryophyllene was active constituent of clove buds. The developed method gave a good detection response. In the specificity test, the standard solution was detected at about 17.32 min, and the test solution was detected at 17.32 min. The linearity of β-caryophyllen was confirmed, and at this time, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve showed a high linearity of 0.999 or more in the concentration range. The levels of LOD and LOQ were 1.28 ug/mL and 3.89 ug/mL, respectively. The accuracy was confirmed to be 101.6–102.2% and RSD 0.95 ~ 1.31%. As a result of checking the repeatability and inter-tester reproducibility to confirm the precision, the RSD was found to be 1.34 ~ 2.69%. This validated GC method was successfully applied to a soft capsule containing clove extract and other materials for clinical trials. Therefore, this method can be used as an analytical tool for quality control of various samples, including clove extracts and their products of food and pharmaceutical uses.

Ochratoxin A analysis in rice samples of different cities of Mazandaran (a province in Northern Iran)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Gholampour Azizi ◽  
Hassan Ghadi ◽  
Samaneh Rouhi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sample Extract ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – OTA is primarily produced by species of Penicillium and Aspergillus. This toxin has been detected worldwide in different grains such as rice. Due to OTA's toxicity and its effects on human's health, the authors performed this study to analyze the OTA's contamination levels in rice samples that gathered in different cities of Mazandaran (a province in northern Iran). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, 80 rice samples were collected from several cities of Mazandaran. Data were analyzed using CD-ELISA method for OTA. Conjugated enzyme was added to uncoated-antibody wells and standard solution and sample extract were added to it. Solutions were transferred to the coated-antibody wells. Then, substrate was added to produce blue color. Finally, stopping solution was added to stop the reaction. The color intensity was inversely proportional to the OTA concentration, measured with the ELISA reader and calculated by analysis of variance by using the SPSS software package. Findings – None of the samples that were collected in Mazandaran were contaminated with >5 μg/kg of OTA in October. Also none of the samples from Amol, Fereydonkenar, Babol or Behshahr were contaminated with >5 μg/kg of this toxin in November. But in sari, Nowshahr and Ramsar the authors encountered samples that had >5 μg/kg of OTA contamination which is more than the acceptable limit. Practical implications – Screening and analyzing the rice fields are vital to detect any OTA contamination and can be effective for removing the contaminated rice. So proper strategies and management tactics are required in order to prevent OTA production in rice fields in pre- and post-harvest time and people must share their experiences regarding fighting this contamination. Originality/value – Since rice is used extensively all over the world, consumption of contaminated rice causes diseases for humans. Therefore, determination, management, and prevention of OTA should be considered seriously.

Simultaneous estimation of simvstatin and piperine in its formulation by UV spectrophotometric method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vijayamma G ◽  
Panneerselvam P ◽  
Siddeswari T ◽  
Nithya Kalyani K ◽  
Jeslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Validation Experiments

The active ingredient, called piperine, is present in black pepper. The ions are very small so they are easily consumed by the tissue and nervous system, causing the chemical release within the brain. Piperine has been shown to help ease gastrointestinal ailments, help with vomiting, and has the ability to help with inflammation of the body. This explains to us how simvastatin can help expedite piperine in the body. The new, clear, effective, quick, accurate ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has to be validated and developed for the study of simvastatin and piperine in bulk and poly-herbal formulations. Data from validation experiments was tested using methodological techniques. Since processing at a wavelength of 285nm, the standard solution appeared to have a far higher absorbance than at other wavelengths. Normal simvastatin and piperine have been measured in varying amounts, and they make spectrums of overlays. In Beer Law, the concentration (C) of a solvent is plotted against the absorbance (A) from a calibration curve, as a result. A linearity range of between 14and 39μg/mL was observed. The sample was tested by prorating the standard deviation and standard error of the approximate means with the sample size, demonstrating the accuracy and the precision of the methods used in the analysis. Based on the experimental findings, it can be easily inferred that for UV spectrometry estimation of simvastatin and piperine from pharmaceutical intravenous liquid formulation, the proposed method is very simple, fast, accurate, precise, economical and reproducible.

scholarly journals Consumerism, the Nigeria Experience: Study of the Food and Drink Industries 1980-2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ndu Oko ◽  
Osuagwu Linus
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
High Price ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Environmental Standard ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Impact

The work is an evaluation of consumerism activities in Nigeria with specific interest in the food and drink industries. It considered the growth and challenges to consumerism, the impact of the non-active nature of consumerism on the health and environmental standard of the country. Data generated based on the use of sets questionnaire were analyzed using analysis of variance statistical tool. Findings include that the inactive nature of consumerism in Nigeria contributes significantly to the exploitative attitude of manufacturers, explicitly through high price of products and implicitly by the debasement of the environment through improper management of residues (waste), resulting to poor health and environmental standard. Solution among others is that firms by suasion should be encouraged to adopt marketing concept philosophies, principles, policies and strategies for the maximization of corporate goal, consumer welfare (satisfaction) and macro economic development of the society.

Feasibility Study of a New Fabrication Method for the Li4SiO4 Pebbles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lo Frano ◽  
M. Puccini ◽  
E. Stefanelli ◽  
M. Luppichini ◽  
C. Grima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Power Reactor ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Fusion Power ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Lithium Orthosilicate

In the past decades many R&D efforts have been spent in the development of a suitable Li4SiO4 fabrication method (e.g., melt spray process, graphite bed method, capillary-based microfluidic wet method etc.), nevertheless we are still far from an “industrial standard solution”. The aim of the paper is to develop a new fabrication method capable to produce stable and well-sized pebbles of lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) based on the drip casting. This method is mainly based on the dripping at room temperature, which is novel in the framework of available fabrication processes requiring high temperature: this latter is demonstrated to affect the final product characteristics. It is worthy to remark that the Li4SiO4 is a candidate material for the breeding blanket material of the fusion power reactor. In the paper we will describe the experimental apparatus, designed and built at DICI - University of Pisa with the collaboration of Bitossi Industries, and the procedure adopted in order to produce pebbles of Li4SiO4.

Isomer Specific Assay of Ester and Salt Formulations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S Stevens ◽  
Norman E Skelly ◽  
Robert B Grorud
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay of ester and salt formulations of 2,4-D has been collaboratively studied. The method is specific for 2,4-D isomer and resolves all known impurities from 2,4-D and the internal standard p-bromophenol. In situ saponification, at room temperature, is performed by adding a combined saponification-internal standard solution to ester products. The same saponification- internal standard solution is added to amine salts and the analytical standard. The injected aqueous potassium salt solution of 2,4-D is then converted to the acid form by an acidic buffered mobile solvent of 20% acetonitrile in water. Optimum chromatography is attained by a mobile solvent pH of 2.95 in a reverse phase microparticulate column, by ion suppression. Each of the 9 collaborators received 3 different ester and 2 different amine formulations of 2,4-D. The coefficients of variation of 2,4-D acid equivalent ranged from 1.22 to 1.59%. The method has been adopted as official first action.

Alkaline Activated Material as the Adsorbent for Uptake of High Concentration of Zinc from Wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Gruskevica ◽  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Kristina Tihomirova ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Tālis Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Post Industrial

The use of wastes for developing of new materials is a sustainable approach. In current study filter media produced from industrial waste was tested for an ability to decrease high concentration of zinc in standard solution and industrial wastewater. The geopolymer production requires mixing of post-industrial waste with naturally occurred aluminosilicate materials by using binding agent at the ambient or slightly increased temperature in order to produce a long lasting eco-friendly cementitious material. The tested media decreased concentration of zinc in standard solution from 72,9 to 19,6 mg/L in 30 min showing similar performance as commercially available zeolite material. In experiments with wastewater the adsorption of Zn by AAM was much lower, which can be explained by the fact that wastewater contained generous amounts of different metal ions, organic substances and oils. Despite complex composition of wastewater AAM was able to immobilize at minimum 22 mg/L (32%) Zn from the solution.

Evaluation of Uncertainty for the Determination of Magnesium Oxide Content in Limestone by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Xiang Dong Wen ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Wen Yang Pan ◽  
Mei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
The Mathematical Model

According to GB/T3286.1-2012(The determination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content in limestone and dolomite), the mathematical model of magnesium oxide content determination in limestone by atomic absorption spectrometry was established. The various uncertainty factors of different elements for a sample were discussed and compared in the testing process. The confidence interval for the measurement result was (0.74±0.03)%,k=2 in uncertainty evaluation .The results showed that the variability of working curve and accuracy of standard solution volume for working curve were main influence factors of uncertainty. It could effectively reduce the uncertainty from the perspective of the main factors,and improve the quality of analysis.

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