scholarly journals PARASKARIDOSIS OF HORSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL ALTAI

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Efremova ◽  
Marchenko ◽  
Smertina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Central Altai ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Climatic Features

The purpose of this paper was to study the epizootic process of equine paraskaridosis in the conditions of the Central Altai. The research was conducted in 4 administrative districts of the natural-geographical province. Fecal samples were examined by the methods generally accepted in parasitology. After analyzing the results of ovolarvoscopic studies we can say that nematodes of the suborder Strongylata (IP = 87.8) prevail with EI indicators of 79.4–100.0% in the structure of the helminth complex of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in the territory of all administrative districts. However, an important role in the formation of invasive pathology is played by paraskaridosis, the pathogens of which are a subdominant element in the helminthocomplex (IP 6.9). This disease is almost ubiquitous. The average infestation of horses with nematodes Parascaris equorum of the suborder Ascaridata is 13.0%, with the variability of EI indicators from 7.2 to 22.1%. The maximum infestation was registered in foals, then there is a tendency to reduce the infestation of animals with age. The seasonal manifestation of paraskaridosis is characterized by the greatest infection of animals in the autumn period. Heterogeneity in the infestation of horses with paraskarids in the context of administrative regions is due to the natural and climatic features and orographic diversity of mountain landscapes and the established ecosystems characteristic of them.

scholarly journals First report of Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) spores in human feces in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Lisiane Lappe dos REIS ◽  
Lucas Carvalho de JESUS ◽  
Ormezinda Celeste Christo FERNANDES ◽  
David Eduardo BARROSO
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Amazonas State

ABSTRACT Most species of Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infect freshwater and marine fish, and cause sporozoosis. Passage of myxozoan parasites into human feces has been described occasionally. We examined fecal samples from 97 dwellers of a riverine community in Amazonas State (Brazil), which revealed Myxobolus sp. in 13 (13%) samples. The discovery probably does not represent true parasitism as the myxospores - most likely ingested through the consumption of infected fish - were eliminated unchanged after passing through the gastrointestinal tract. This discovery represents the first report of this myxosporean in human fecal samples in Brazil.

scholarly journals Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (36) ◽  
pp. E8489-E8498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Vonaesch ◽  
Evan Morien ◽  
Lova Andrianonimiadana ◽  
Hugues Sanke ◽  
Jean-Robert Mbecko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Current View ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Small Intestinal

Linear growth delay (stunting) affects roughly 155 million children under the age of 5 years worldwide. Treatment has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Stunting is most likely associated with changes in the microbial community of the small intestine, a compartment vital for digestion and nutrient absorption. Efforts to better understand the pathophysiology have been hampered by difficulty of access to small intestinal fluids. Here, we describe the microbial community found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of stunted children aged 2–5 y living in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied 46 duodenal and 57 gastric samples from stunted children, as well as 404 fecal samples from stunted and nonstunted children living in Bangui, Central African Republic, and in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using 16S Illumina Amplicon sequencing and semiquantitative culture methods. The vast majority of the stunted children showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth dominated by bacteria that normally reside in the oropharyngeal cavity. There was an overrepresentation of oral bacteria in fecal samples of stunted children, opening the way for developing noninvasive diagnostic markers. In addition, Escherichia coli/Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were found to be more prevalent in stunted children, while Clostridia, well-known butyrate producers, were reduced. Our data suggest that stunting is associated with a microbiome “decompartmentalization” of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increased presence of oropharyngeal bacteria from the stomach to the colon, hence challenging the current view of stunting arising solely as a consequence of small intestine overstimulation through recurrent infections by enteric pathogens.

SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE CONTAMINATION OF MEAT FOLLOWING APPROVED LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURES. II

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Childers ◽  
E. E. Keahey ◽  
P. G. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Equipment Contamination ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Samples were taken from 218 animals of 3 species slaughtered at 3 plants to determine the spread of bacterial contamination during slaughter. Salmonellae and Escherichia coli were cultured from swabs taken of the equipment during slaughter, from various carcass sites, and from fecal samples. The study indicated that some equipment contamination occurred during slaughter and that carcass washing did not remove contaminants but simply washed them lower on the carcass. Rumen/cecum samples were most effective for isolation of salmonellae from the gastrointestinal tract. The average level of salmonellae contamination of the carcass for all species was 10% and of the processed product, 2%. There were no salmonellae isolated from cattle carcasses. Isolation of the bung (rectum) with a plastic bag did not reduce contamination but sterilization of the bung dropper's knife between carcasses reduced the incidence by an average of greater than 50%. Salmonellae were isolated from boneless mutton but not from raw or cooked pork and beef products. Isolations from the hide were closely related with carcass contamination. Enrichment and non-enrichment media isolations of salmonellae were closely related.

scholarly journals HORSE HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE CITY OF KALUGA

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Vasilevich ◽  
Nikanorova ◽  
Markina
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Oval Shape

Horse intestinal helminthiasis is widespread. The helminth fauna of horses differs in different areas. Intestinal helminthiasis affects most horses of the livestock at stud farms, especially with herd keeping The article presents a study of the diversity of the helminth fauna of horses in the city of Kaluga. Microscopically examined 60 fecal samples taken from the stalls of 30 sports horses aged 2 to 15 years. Samples were taken twice, the first time on 06/17/2019, the second time on 09/27/2019. Helminth-endoscopic examinations for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis were performed by the Fulleborn method with a solution of sodium salt and by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate. Then, before crystallization, each drop was examined under a microscope with a magnification of 400. As a result of the study, eggs of the helminth Strongylus equines were found in 49 samples out of 60. The eggs found had a typical oval shape, measuring 0.07-0.09 x 0.04-0.05 mm. The shell was two-contour, gray in color. In 34 samples from 60 subjects, immature eggs of Parascaris equorum were found. Eggs are rounded in shape, with a diameter of 0.1 mm. The shell of the eggs was dense, dark brown in color. On the territory of the city of Kaluga, horses are found to have intestinal diseases.

scholarly journals HELMINTHOSES OF THE SHEEP OF BREED EDILBAYEVSKAYA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ALTAI REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Efremova ◽  
Udaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

New scientific data on the modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of sheep of the breed Edilbayevskaya introduced on the territory of Altai region are provided. To study the contamination of animals with helminths, ovoliroscopic methods commonly used in parasitology were applied. In total 889 fecal samples received from sheep of different gender and age groups are investigated. Gelminthocomplex of animals is characterized by a variety. Tapeworms include parasites of the suborder Anoplocephalata, the family Anoplocephalidae, the genus Moniezia (M. brodeni, M. expanza) and the family Avitellinidae of the genus Thysaniezia (Thysaniezia giardi). Roundworms belong to the Strongylata suborder and are represented by 4 genera nematodes – Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Hemonchus, Oesophagostomum. The infection of lambs with helminths, including Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. in 1.6–3.8 times more than at adult animals also makes respectively 48.1; 42.9 and 15.8%. A distinction of the sheep hermitage of the breed Edilbaevskaya is the low level of infection of animals with strangulates of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagostomies (0.19%), ostertagies (1.3%), and hemones (0.2%). The dominating and subdominating components of helminthocomplex are Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. For the first time the Skrjabinema ovis is registered in territory of Altai region.

scholarly journals Hybrid capture-based sequencing enables unbiased recovery of SAR-CoV-2 genomes from fecal samples and characterization of the dynamics of intra-host variants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xu ◽  
Lu Kang ◽  
Zijie Shen ◽  
Xufang Li ◽  
Weili Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Genome Coverage ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Hybrid Capture ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
Frequency Changes

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand the origin, transmission, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, which relies on close surveillance of genomic diversity in clinical samples. Although the mutation at the population level had been extensively investigated, how the mutations evolve at the individual level is largely unknown, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining unbiased genome coverage of SARS-CoV-2 directly from clinical samples.MethodsEighteen time series fecal samples were collected from nine COVID-19 patients during the convalescent phase. The nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 were enriched by the hybrid capture method with different rounds of hybridization.ResultsBy examining the sequencing depth, genome coverage, and allele frequency change, we demonstrated the impeccable performance of the hybrid capture method in samples with Ct value < 34, as well as significant improvement comparing to direct metatranscriptomic sequencing in samples with lower viral loads. We identified 229 intra-host variants at 182 sites in 18 fecal samples. Among them, nineteen variants presented frequency changes > 0.3 within 1-5 days, reflecting highly dynamic intra-host viral populations. Meanwhile, we also found that the same mutation showed different frequency changes in different individuals, indicating a strong random drift. Moreover, the evolving of the viral genome demonstrated that the virus was still viable in the gastrointestinal tract during the convalescent period.ConclusionsThe hybrid capture method enables reliable analyses of inter- and intra-host variants of SARS-CoV-2 genome, which changed dramatically in the gastrointestinal tract; its clinical relevance warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalance of Gastrointestinal Protozoa of Cats in Animal Hospital and Animal Clinic in Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Amara Lintang Pagati ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽  
Chairul Anwar Nidom ◽  
Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti ◽  
Sarmanu Sarmanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Chi Square Test

Research of gastrointestinal protozoan in cats at Surabaya are still limited. Protozoa infection of the gastrointestinal tract can cause diarrhea and even zoonosis. This research aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of protozoan in cats in animal hostptal and animal clinic in Surabaya. Ninety  fecal samples were collected from 2 animal clinic and one animal hospital. Samples were  examined e wet mount (native, sedimentation, and floatation) and (Ziehl Nellsen) stain. Protozoa was identified by using a light microscope with 400x and 1000x magnification. The result showed 68,89% of samples were positively infected by gastrointestinal protozoa. The protozoa were Blastocystis sp, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia sp, and Eimeria sp. By chi square test, there was  not significant differences the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan in cat between sex, age, breed, and diarrhea status

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF EPIZOOTOLOGY OF EQUID STRONGYLATOSIS IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Smertina ◽  
Efremova ◽  
Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Urban Conditions

The aim of the research was to study the invasiveness of horses with strongylates of the gastrointestinal tract in the Novosibirsk Region. Diagnostic methods generally accepted in helminthology were used in the work, such as the helminthovoscopic flotation method by Fulleborn and the helmintholarvoscopic method by BermanOrlov. Material for our study, namely, feaces samples, were collected at the farms of certain districts of the Novosibirsk Region and private sports stables in Novosibirsk which differ in the technology of keeping horses. The wide distribution of equid helminthiases has been established. The variety of helminths in the gastrointestinal tract of horses is represented by helminths of the Nematoda class, which includes 2 suborders – Strongylata (families Trichonematidae and Strongylidae) and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum). Parasitoses in horses of the stable and stablepasture management occur in the form of mixtinvasions with strongylates prevailing; Parascaris equorum act as subdominants. The average number of animals infected with strongylates at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region where the stable and pasture maintenance of horses is practiced amounted to 74.9%, respectively, with an average number of eggs 739.9 per gram of feces. In urban conditions, the invasiveness of horses by strongylates is 2 times lower and recorded at 33.3%. Trichonematids are the basis of the strongylate community, however, the infection rate of one-hoofed animals in Novosibirsk is also 2 times lower than at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region and amounts to 25.8%.

scholarly journals EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON HELMINTHOSES OF THE POULTRY IN INDIVIDUAL FARMS OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Efremova ◽  
Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Data on a modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of hens in the Novosibirsk region are provided in article. To study the contamination of poultry with helminths, the ovoscopic Fulleborn method, commonly accepted in parasitology, was used. In total 360 fecal samples received from the poultry contained in personal farms of citizens of Suzunsky, Toguchinsky, Cherepanovky districts of the Novosibirsk region were investigated. It is found that the parasitic complex of the gastrointestinal tract is represented by 2 classes of helminths – Nematoda and Cestoda, as well as unicellular class Sporozoa, the genus Eimeria. Nematodes include the helminths belonging to 3 families and 5 genus – Capillariidae (g. Capillaria, g. Eucoleus, g. Thominx), Ascaridiidae (g. Askaridia) and Heterakidae (g. Heterakis). Parasitosis proceed in the form of mixtinvasions. In gelminthokomplex of a poultry the dominating components are nematodes of families Capillariidae with high average infection level – 50.8%. Subdominants are Ascaris and Heterakis, their average poultry invasion is 19.2 and 23.6% respectively. The widespread distribution of pathogens nematodes is revealed, but poultry infestation with individual nematode species both in the regions and in individual settlements differs. The infestation of poultry nematodes of the families Capillariidae, Ascaridiidae and Heterakidae varies, including the level of one area. The maximum and minimum infestation of a poultry is registered by the specified helminths in Suzun, Suzunsky district and in the settlement Semenovsky of Cherepanovsky district, with infestation respectively 70,0; 46,7;40,0% and 26.9; 20.4; 21.3%. The infection of the poultry with cestodoses ranged from 0.8 to 9.4% and averaged 3.3%.

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