scholarly journals Seasonal variations of indoor aerosols (PM2.5) in urban households of Jammu (J&K), India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Nishu ◽  
Raj Kumar Rampal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time

Indoor pollution is more harmful as people spend more than 90% of their time indoors getting enhanced chances of penetrating aerosols (PM2.5) deeply into the lungs. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to study seasonal variations of indoor aerosols (PM2.5) in urban households of Jammu(J&K). in the northern region of India. The status of indoor aerosols (PM2.5) and their seasonal variations due to temperature and humidity conditions have been studied for the first time in urban households of Jammu (J&K). The two year study period (2017-2019.) revealed that all types of households of urban areas with non-wood fuel  as well as wood fuel burning practices exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher values of indoor PM 2.5 during summer season (74.36 µg/m3  and 156.46 µg/m3 ) followed by winter season (62.77 µg/m3   and 143.5µg/m3 ) and lower values during the rainy season (58.47 µg/m3 and 132.52 µg/m3 ). All these values were observed to be above the CPCB prescribed annual limit of 40 µg/m3, thereby exposing the residents to diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.  The data generated in the present study will act as baseline data for future studies pertaining to indoor aerosols (PM2.5) as well as suggesting mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution of PM2.5 in urban households of Jammu, (J&K)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Nishu ◽  
Raj Kumar Rampal
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
Respirable Particulate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5

The rising problem of Respirable Particulate Matter i.e. PM2.5 and smaller is catching attention of the policymakers, stakeholders as well as common man. The study of the IndoorPM2.5 of the particular area is very important as it is having direct impact on the human health because PM2.5is absorbed into lung alveolar tissues during breathing and causes respiratory and cardiovascular problems. In present study attempt has been made to assess the status of Indoor PM2.5 in Urban Households of Jammu, (J&K). The average indoor PM2.5 in all the sampled households of Jammu was observed to be 99.49±35.84 µg/m3 which is above the permissible limits of PM 2.5 as prescribed by CPCB. This type of study has been done for the first time in the northern region of India.  The data generated in present study will act as base line data for further studies pertaining to its ionic analysis as well as suggesting mitigation measures

scholarly journals Diversity of Angiosperm Taxa in Chaar Khidirpur Area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Laila Al Faria ◽  
A.H.M. Mahbubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
First Time

Purpose: The aims to investigate the angiosperm taxa in the study area. The present research also documented the species diversity and important medicinal plants.  Subjects and Methods: Angiosperm flora in the Chaar Khidirpur area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh was carried out from November 2018 to October 2019 to cover the seasonal variations. Plant parts with either flower or fruits collected using traditional herbarium techniques to make voucher specimens for documentation.  Results: The result focused that a total of 210 species belonging to177 genera under 71 families were recorded. Forty-five (45) medicinal plants were used for the treatment of more than 61 diseases. Conclusion: The present study was the first time to report angiosperm diversity and medicinal plants in the study area. In this research, the status of occurrence has been recorded for proper conservation management and sustainable utilization of the taxa resulting in 81.33% being common, 16.74% as rare and 1.91% are found as threatened in the study area.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Winter Urban Heat Island in Budapest at Local and Micro Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Huawei Li ◽  
Guifang Wang ◽  
Sándor Jombach
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract Most of the urban heat island (UHI) researches focused on the phenomenon in summer. They mainly studied the causes, different functional areas, and possible mitigation measures to reduce the high temperature in urban areas. However, UHI also exists in winter, but there are a limited number of studies on winter UHI. The characteristics and causes of UHI in winter have not been received much attention or consideration yet. This study aims to characterize the UHI feature in winter in Budapest, Hungary, based on the analysis of land surface temperature (LST) in relation to the factors of elevation, slope exposure, residential type, and snow coverage. Five different Landsat images in the winter season were applied to detect the surface temperature; besides, pictures of the thermal camera at a micro-scale were also used. Results showed that UHI intensity was not strong in winter; built-up areas were warmer than other urban areas. Topography was one of the significant factors affecting the surface temperature in winter. The surface temperature of the hills (300 m asl) was lower than that of the lowlands (below 120 m asl). The south-facing slopes and south oriented buildings were warmer than north-facing slopes and buildings oriented to the north. Areas with snow coverage had a lower temperature than no snow coverage areas. These findings could give general guidance for further UHI research, urban planning as well as landscape design.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Chhabi Ram Baral
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Federica Cappelletti ◽  
Marta Rossi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Mohammad Shadman Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Activities

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.

scholarly journals Comparative Tissue Responses of Marine Mollusks on Seasonal Changes in the Northern Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Natalija Topić Popović ◽  
Martina Krbavčić ◽  
Josip Barišić ◽  
Blanka Beer Ljubić ◽  
Ivančica Strunjak-Perović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Marine Mollusks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

In the shallow Northern Adriatic, marine mollusks are affected by bottom trawling and seafood disturbance. Seasonal oscillations of oceanographic factors additionally influence their physiology, stress responses and survival. Tissue responses to seasonal variations in green ormer (Haliotis tuberculata L.) and Mediterranean scallop (Pecten jacobaeus L.) in the Northern Adriatic have not been reported. Hence, their biochemical and antioxidant defense properties over seasons were studied and the microanatomical structure of their tissue was correlated with function. Histological analysis of gonads revealed two peaks of gonadal maturation and spawning during the spring/summer period and winter season for scallops, and one peak during the fall for ormers. The gonadal maturation of both species was correlated with their seasonal variations of metabolic demands and antioxidant capacity. The lipid vacuoles of tubuloacinar terminations in the digestive gland differed between the two species; in scallop they are several-fold larger in size and number. Low temperatures in winter contributed to a decline in enzymatic antioxidant defense in scallop tissues, having lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). In ormers, winter induced lower TAS, TBARS, SOD and GPx concentrations. The significant difference of winter TAS and TBARS levels between ormers and scallops was correlated with variations in their reproductive cycles, as well as in antioxidant defense systems. The most important factor for stress-related parameters for both species in this work was found to be the season-induced temperature change.

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