Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) for stay green trait

Today, the ecological cycle is changing day by day due to some environmental changes, therfore, efficient efforts should be made to develop improved crops which can give better yield with good quality. Stay green trait is one of the major characters of the crop to sustain under abiotic stresses. The stay green trait directly maintain the longer photosynthetic period and chlorophyll content by delaying leaf senescence. In the present study, ten wheat varieties <italic>viz.</italic> HUW 510, C 306, Sonalika, HD 2135, HD 2177, VL 401, K 9162, RAJ 3765, K 68, K 7410 were collected to develop the stay green genotype. The seeds of these ten wheat varieties were treated with 1.25% EMS for 60 minutes. After EMS treatment, the two wheat varieties K 7410 and RAJ 3765, performed better in terms of yield components like seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight. The photosynthesis rate was found to be maintained or somewhat increased in K 7410 and RAJ 3765 from 24.43 to 26.00μmol/m2sec and from 22.57 to 24.57μmol/m2sec respectively after the treatment. So, the EMS treatment is found to be significant for developing stay green genotypes which may be resistant to abiotic stress like drought, high temperature etc.

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Identification of Wheat Cultivars by CART Analysis

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v31i630227 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ummey Shapla ◽

M. Hasanuzzaman ◽

Md. Omar Kayess

Keyword(s):

Flag Leaf ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Regression Tree ◽

Spike Length ◽

Classification And Regression Tree ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Cart Analysis ◽

1000 Grain Weight

This experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to develop biometrical methods based on some morphological traits for characterization of the selected wheat varieties. Among the selected wheat varieties BARI Gom 26 requires comparatively fewer days and BARI Gom 27 requires more days for 50% heading than other varieties. The BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BARI Gom 30 are comparatively short (< 90 cm) whereas others are medium-sized (> 90 cm) plants. BARI Gom 27 has narrow flag leaf than others. BARI Gom 28 show short spike length while BARI Gom 22, BARI Gom 26 and BARI Gom 30 show nearly a similar length of the spike. The BARI Gom 25 is large-sized in length and breadth but the grain of BARI GOM 27 is comparatively small sized. BARI Gom 22, BARI Gom 23, BARI Gom 24, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 are classified which have <7.5 mm length of the grain. The 1000 grain weight of BARI Gom 24 is more than other wheat varieties and comparatively less in BARI Gom 22 and BARI Gom 27. BARI Gom 24 can be identified with the height of >90 cm, breath of flag leaf is >1.2 cm, spike length is >10 cm and yield per plant is >20.196 g. Based on these variations, a classification and regression tree (CART) has been developed to identify the wheat variety easily and quickly.

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Sources for the breeding of soft spring wheat in the conditions of Novosibirsk region

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj18.422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 784-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. V. Piskarev ◽

E. V. Zuev ◽

A. N. Brykova

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Average Score ◽

Average Weight ◽

Point System ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Growing Period ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The sources were identified among collection samples characterized by highly pronounced economic and valuable features, which allows new geographically remote source material to be taken to the regional breeding practices. This research aims to assess the agronomic traits (duration of the growing period, lodging resistance and plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain weight and yield) in soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Estimation was carried out by a 9-point system of expression of the trait during the study, which allows identifying samples with the greatest expression of the trait in the years of study with respect to the average experience. 5439 samples have been studied over 28 years, with 1106 of them, over two years or more. The study was carried out according to the methods of VIR on plots of 2 m2. It was shown that the samples mainly had no correlation between the yield and the duration of the growing period, while the average dependence (г = 0.6) was revealed between the yield and the height of the plants. Varieties forming the intermediate (4.5-5 points) and above average (6-7) yield in a short growing period (69-85 days) were identified (Lutescens 675, Irkut-skaya 49, Simbirca, Hybrid F3 S-141, Hybrid F4, Hybrid F3 S-289 and Hybrid F4 S-2300 and Pamyati Vavenko-va). A high average score (8.6-9) at 1000 grains weight was shown for 16 varieties with variation from 37 g (N43 and IAO-9) to 56 g (Hofed 1). A high average score (8-9) in the evaluation of grain weight was shown for Pamyati Leont'eva, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit, Don Jose, Yong-Liang 4 and Long-Mai 11, which formed ears with an average weight from 0.96 to 2.30 g. A consistently high score (9) reflecting the yield was in the varieties Condestavel, PF 843025, Prilenskaya 19, Pamyati Leont'eva, Omskaya Krasa.

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Variability of Winter Wheat Quality Features in Northern Trans-Urals

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i14.5719 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia A. Volkova ◽

Raisa I. Belkina

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Growing Environment ◽

Testing Site ◽

Grain Unit ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions on the basis of the Agrotechnological Institute of Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. The studies include 5 varieties of winter wheat grown in 2009-2011 in three agroclimatic zones of Tyumen Region: sub-regional (Nizhnetavdinsky state crop testing site), northern forest steppe (Yalutorovsky state crop testing site), southern forest steppe (Berduzhsky state crop testing site). Bashkirskaya variety – 10 (45 g) demonstrated the highest potential in the formation of a 1000 grain weight. The same variety has the highest range of variability (11.7 g) and the variability coefficient (10.9%) indicates average variability. Other varieties showed minor variability of characteristic (V = 8.7-9.9%). Winter wheat varieties varied in terms of average hardness, at the same time the level of values of all varieties (66-77%) corresponded to the standards of high classes according to GOST. Novosibirskayaaya 32 (61-93%) and Bashkirskaya 10 (60-86%) varieties were the most stable in forming the required value of characteristic. The average gluten content in a grain of winter wheat varieties was corresponded to the standards of the third class according to GOST. Novosibirskaya 32 variety (V = 8.5%) had minor variability of the characteristic, while other varieties demonstrated the average variability. A significant proportion of the effect of the “variety” factor on the variability of such features as a 1000 grain weight (56.5%), grain-unit (50.5%) and hardness (45.1%) was established. The amount of gluten depended more on the growing environment (35.5%) and interaction of factors (39.3%). The quality of gluten was much influenced by the growing environment (52.2%).

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THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p53-59 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nisar Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Aslam Chowdhry ◽

Ihsan Khaliq ◽

Masahiko Maekawa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Spike Length ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments.

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Influence of irrigation mode on winter wheat production and moisture changes of wheat fields under extreme rainfall patterns

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014401005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Xiaoshuang Li ◽

Ni Song ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

Jingsheng Sun ◽

Hongkai Dang

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Water Saving ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Population Difference ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Panicle Number ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

1000 Grain Weight

This work studied the effect of irrigation measures on water changes and crop growth in wheat fields during extreme drought years with rainfall of only 47.7 mm during the wheat growth period. Field investigation was carried out in the low plains of Hebei Province. In the experiment, six water-saving wheat varieties were used, and five irrigation levels (0 mm, 75 mm, 150 mm, 225 mm and 300 mm designated as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were set in the spring. Results showed that wheat yield ranged from 70.5 kg/hm2 to 7053.0 kg/hm2. With the increase in irrigation times, yield level gradually increased and was highest under the T4 treatment. The effect of irrigation mode on panicle number was different from that on yield. The T0 treatment group had the smallest panicle number, whereas the other treatment groups showed slight differences and no discernible trend. The range of 1000-grain weight of different varieties of wheat was 33.36–46.68 g. Except for the T0 treatment, all other treatments increased with the increase in irrigation times. The difference between panicle and grain number was irregular and related to varieties. When population difference was large, yield was related to population size. When the population difference was small, yield was correlated with 1000-grain weight. From the perspective of soil water changes, in the late growth stage, the water content of deep soil under T0 and T4 treatments was higher, whereas that under T1 and T2 treatments was lower. This result indicated that T1 and T2 irrigation modes were conducive for the full utilisation of water in deep soil and were efficient water use modes. T1 and T2 were water saving irrigation models in this study. These conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the selection of irrigation patterns for wheat cultivation during spring.

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THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.53-59 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nisar Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Aslam Chowdhry ◽

Ihsan Khaliq ◽

Masahiko Maekawa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Spike Length ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments.

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Identification of QTLs affecting post-anthesis heat stress responses in European bread wheat

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-04008-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Gaëtan Touzy ◽

Stéphane Lafarge ◽

Elise Redondo ◽

Vincent Lievin ◽

Xavier Decoopman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Grain Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Stay Green ◽

A Genome ◽

Main Effect

Abstract Key message The response of a large panel of European elite wheat varieties to post-anthesis heat stress is influenced by 17 QTL linked to grain weight or the stay-green phenotype. Abstract Heat stress is a critical abiotic stress for winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) especially at the flowering and grain filling stages, limiting its growth and productivity in Europe and elsewhere. The breeding of new high-yield and stress-tolerant wheat varieties requires improved understanding of the physiological and genetic bases of heat tolerance. To identify genomic areas associated with plant and grain characteristics under heat stress, a panel of elite European wheat varieties (N = 199) was evaluated under controlled conditions in 2016 and 2017. A split-plot design was used to test the effects of high temperature for ten days after flowering. Flowering time, leaf chlorophyll content, the number of productive spikes, grain number, grain weight and grain size were measured, and the senescence process was modeled. Using genotyping data from a 280 K SNP chip, a genome-wide association study was carried out to test the main effect of each SNP and the effect of SNP × treatment interaction. Genotype × treatment interactions were mainly observed for grain traits measured on the main shoots and tillers. We identified 10 QTLs associated with the main effect of at least one trait and seven QTLs associated with the response to post-anthesis heat stress. Of these, two main QTLs associated with the heat tolerance of thousand-kernel weight were identified on chromosomes 4B and 6B. These QTLs will be useful for breeders to improve grain yield in environments where terminal heat stress is likely to occur.

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EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE AND SLOW-RELEASE N-FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN SANDY SOIL

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.49.2001.4.9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 379-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. S. ZEIDAN ◽

M. F. EL KRAMANY

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Slow Release ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Biological Yield ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Two field experiments were conducted during the two winter seasons of 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 in a private farm at El-Nagah Village, South El-Tahrir province, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer, i.e., ammonium sulphate 20.6% N, ammonium nitrate 33.5% N, and Enciabien 40% N (slow-release) with or without organic manure at 20 m3/fed (4200 m2) on the yield and nutrient contents of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Sakha 69. The results indicated that the use of organic manure surpassed the control which gave the highest number of spikes/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield (t/fed), crop index, harvest index, grain N, P and protein. The use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer gave the highest 1000-grain weight, biological yield/plant, grain yield and biological yield (t/fed), grain N and protein if compared with other nitrogen sources. The highest tiller/plant, 1000- grain weight, grain yield (t/fed) and grain N and P gave the best results when slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was combined with organic manure at 20 m3/fed.

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DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS BASED ON YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS OF A COLLECTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v28i1.27846 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

M. S. Rahman ◽

L. Ali ◽

A. Sultana ◽

M. Ruhullah ◽

M. S. Hossain

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Genetic diversity among 24 spring wheat genotypes (Varieties/lines) was estimated using Mahalanobis D2-statistics and principal coordinate analysis. The genotypes fell into four clusters of different size. Of the seven different characters spike length and 1000 grain weight had the highest contribution towards the divergence. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III followed by cluster II and III. So, genotypes from the most divergence clusters could be used as parents in hybridization program and are expected to manifest maximum heterosis as well as broad spectrum of variability.

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