Differential analysis of vegetative growth characters for developing stay green wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Pratap Singh ◽  
Vaishali
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Characters

Today, the ecological cycle is changing day by day due to some environmental changes, therfore, efficient efforts should be made to develop improved crops which can give better yield with good quality. Stay green trait is one of the major characters of the crop to sustain under abiotic stresses. The stay green trait directly maintain the longer photosynthetic period and chlorophyll content by delaying leaf senescence. In the present study, ten wheat varieties <italic>viz.</italic> HUW 510, C 306, Sonalika, HD 2135, HD 2177, VL 401, K 9162, RAJ 3765, K 68, K 7410 were collected to develop the stay green genotype. The seeds of these ten wheat varieties were treated with 1.25% EMS for 60 minutes. After EMS treatment, the two wheat varieties K 7410 and RAJ 3765, performed better in terms of yield components like seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight. The photosynthesis rate was found to be maintained or somewhat increased in K 7410 and RAJ 3765 from 24.43 to 26.00μmol/m<sup>2</sup>sec and from 22.57 to 24.57μmol/m<sup>2</sup>sec respectively after the treatment. So, the EMS treatment is found to be significant for developing stay green genotypes which may be resistant to abiotic stress like drought, high temperature etc.

scholarly journals Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) for stay green trait

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Naresh Pratap Singh ◽  
Vaishali Vaishali
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Physiological Characters

Stay green trait is one of the major character of the crops like wheat, rice etc. to sustain under abiotic stresses. In the present study, 10 wheat varieties were collected to develop the stay green genotype by treating them with 0.5% Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) for 60 minutes. The various morphological and physiological characteristics such as: plant height, leaf area, numbers of productive tillers/plant, seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight, related water content (RWC), chlorophyll content etc. were recorded under controlled and treatment conditions. Exceptionally, K 7410 and RAJ 3765 varieties showed better value of all morpho-physiological characters among all the ten wheat varieties in control and treatment like 1000 grain weight 58.50 to 60.89g and 56.89 to 58.07g etc. Such mutants of these two varieties may be considered as stay green mutants and can perform better under abiotic stress conditions like drought, high temperature.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of Phenotypic Plasticity under Abiotic Stress in Triticum durum L. and Triticum aestivum L. Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

Future challenges to the role of durum and bread wheat in global food security will be shaped by their potential to produce larger yields and better nutritional quality, while increasingly adapting to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses in the view of global climate change. There is a dearth of information on comparative assessment of phenotypic plasticity in both wheat species under long-term multiple abiotic stresses. Phenotypic plasticities of two durum and bread wheat genotypes were assessed under increasing abiotic and edaphic stresses for six years. Combinations of normal and reduced length of growing season and population density, with or without rotation, generated increasing levels of competition for resources and impacted phenotypic plasticity of several plant and yield attributes, including protein and micronutrients contents. All the phenotypic plasticity (PPs) estimates, except for the C:N ratio in both genotypes and grain protein content in T. aestivum genotype, were impacted by abiotic stresses during the second stress phase (PS II) compared with the first (PS I); whereas, covariate effects were limited to a few PPs (e.g., biomass, population density, fertile tillers, grain yield, and grain protein content). Discrimination between factor levels decreased from abiotic phases > growth stages > stress treatments and provided selection criteria of trait combinations that can be positively resilient under abiotic stress (e.g., spike harvest and fertility indices combined with biomass and grain yield in both genotypes). Validation and confirmatory factor models and multiway cluster analyses revealed major differences in phenotypic plasticities between wheat genotypes that can be attributed to differences in ploidy level, length of domestication history, or constitutive differences in resources allocation. Discriminant analyses helped to identify genotypic differences or similarities in the level of trait decoupling in relation to the strength of their correlation and heritability estimates. This information is useful in targeted improvement of traits directly contributing to micronutrient densities, yield components, and yield. New wheat ideotype(s) can be designed for larger grain yield potential under abiotic stress by manipulating yield components that affect kernels m−2 (e.g., number of tillers, number of florets per spikelet, and eventually spike fertility and harvest indices) without impacting nutrient densities and kernel weight, thus raising harvest index beyond its current maximum.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Abiotic Stress Responsive CBL-CIPK Family Genes in Medicago

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Du ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Yongzhen Pang
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play important roles in plant signal transduction and response to abiotic stress. Plants of Medicago genus contain many important forages, and their growth is often affected by a variety of abiotic stresses. However, studies on the CBL and CIPK family member and their function are rare in Medicago. In this study, a total of 23 CBL and 58 CIPK genes were identified from the genome of Medicago sativa as an important forage crop, and Medicaog truncatula as the model plant. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these CBL and CIPK genes could be classified into five and seven groups, respectively. Moreover, these genes/proteins showed diverse exon-intron organizations, architectures of conserved protein motifs. Many stress-related cis-acting elements were found in their promoter region. In addition, transcriptional analyses showed that these CBL and CIPK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues, and in response to drought, salt, and abscisic acid treatments. In particular, the expression levels of MtCIPK2 (MsCIPK3), MtCIPK17 (MsCIPK11), and MtCIPK18 (MsCIPK12) were significantly increased under PEG, NaCl, and ABA treatments. Collectively, our study suggested that CBL and CIPK genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses in Medicago.

scholarly journals Metabolomics-Guided Elucidation of Plant Abiotic Stress Responses in the 4IR Era: An Overview

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Morena M. Tinte ◽  
Kekeletso H. Chele ◽  
Justin J. J. van der Hooft ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computational Tools

Plants are constantly challenged by changing environmental conditions that include abiotic stresses. These are limiting their development and productivity and are subsequently threatening our food security, especially when considering the pressure of the increasing global population. Thus, there is an urgent need for the next generation of crops with high productivity and resilience to climate change. The dawn of a new era characterized by the emergence of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies has redefined the ideological boundaries of research and applications in plant sciences. Recent technological advances and machine learning (ML)-based computational tools and omics data analysis approaches are allowing scientists to derive comprehensive metabolic descriptions and models for the target plant species under specific conditions. Such accurate metabolic descriptions are imperatively essential for devising a roadmap for the next generation of crops that are resilient to environmental deterioration. By synthesizing the recent literature and collating data on metabolomics studies on plant responses to abiotic stresses, in the context of the 4IR era, we point out the opportunities and challenges offered by omics science, analytical intelligence, computational tools and big data analytics. Specifically, we highlight technological advancements in (plant) metabolomics workflows and the use of machine learning and computational tools to decipher the dynamics in the chemical space that define plant responses to abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sidra Habib ◽  
Yee Yee Lwin ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

scholarly journals Metabolomics, a Powerful Tool for Understanding Plant Abiotic Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Fredy P. Carrera ◽  
Carlos Noceda ◽  
María G. Maridueña-Zavala ◽  
Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Biochemical State ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urea Super Granule as a Source of Nitrogen in Transplant Aman Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Qurashi ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
N Management ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of urea super granule (USG) as a source of nitrogen on the yield and yield components of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan46 and BINA dhan7. Five levels of N (viz., 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1 as prilled urea and 60 and 120 kg ha-1 as USG) were taken as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 and grain yield varied significantly due to different cultivars. All the yield and yield components except 1000-grain weight were influenced significantly by the levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest grain yield (4.82 t ha-1) was recorded in BINA dhan7 and the lowest one (4.30 t ha-1) was recorded in BRRI dhan39. Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 as USG performed the best among the treatments in respect of yield and yield components of rice. The highest grain yield (5.46t ha-1) was obtained from BINA dhan7 with 120 kg N ha-1 as USG which was statistically identical with 60 kg N ha-1 as USG. A considerable amount (31.25%) of prilled urea (PU) nitrogen could be saved by using USG. It may be concluded that USG could be used as N management to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency in reducing N loss than the PU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19095 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 29 - 37, 2013

scholarly journals WRKY Proteins: Signaling and Regulation of Expression during Abiotic Stress Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Banerjee ◽  
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Wrky Proteins

WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress-responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of theWRKYgenes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.

scholarly journals Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Several Yield Components Among Adapted Rice Cultivars in West Sumatra

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslim Rasyad ◽  
Azwir Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Interaction Variance

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction and genotype stability of a trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are very important for plant breeders in making decision regarding the development and evaluation of new cultivars as well as for farmers in selecting suitable cultivars to be planted for commercial purpose. Yield components including panicles number plant–1, number of grains panicle–1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of five locally adapted cultivars of rice were evaluated at three locations in West Sumatera. The data were used to determine GE interaction variance components and stability of the traits. There were significant effects of locations on yield and some yield components except number of panicles plant–1. The cultivars differed significantly in all yield components but not in grain yield. The influence of GE interaction was highly significant on all yield components and grain yield. The magnitude of GE interaction variance component was greater than that of location for all traits. These data suggested that genotypes performed differently among the locations and were not stable with respect to the locations, so that farmers should select a suitable cultivar to be grown in the area of production.

scholarly journals Genetic variation for seed yield components of Westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum).

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elgersma ◽  
A.P.M. Den Nijs ◽  
F.A. Van Eeuwijk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic variation for seed yield components was studied in 4 diploid varieties of Westerwold ryegrass, and 19 genotypes from each variety were grown in the field in 2 clonal replicate rows (minirows). The number of inflorescences/minirow, the numbers of spikelets/inflorescence and florets and seeds/spikelet, 1000-grain weight and seed yield/minirow were determined. Floret site utilization (FSU) was calculated as (seeds/floret) x 100%. Genotypic variation and heritabilities were calculated. Correlation studies and path analyses were carried out in each variety separately. Among varieties, no significant differences occurred for seed yield. However, within varieties large genetic variation was present for both seed yield and yield components. Path analyses revealed that relationships between seed yield components differed to a great extent among varieties. FSU was the major yield component in 3 varieties, but in one variety inflorescence number was the most important yield component. There was ample scope for genetic improvement of seed yield. FSU had a very high heritability and was not correlated with any of the other seed yield components. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document