scholarly journals Prenatal development of the lingual epithelium in goat (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Yousuf Dar ◽  
Kamal Sarma ◽  
Shalini Suri ◽  
Jonali Devi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Lingual Epithelium ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The present study was conducted on the tongue of 18 goat foetii divided into three prenatal age groups viz- Group I ( below 50 days of gestation), Group II ( between 50-100 days of gestation) and Group III ( above 100 days of gestation to up to full term) containing 6 number of foetii in each group to study the sequential events in regard to histological development of the same in goat foetii. The tongue was lined by 3-4 layered epithelium in the foetus at 40 days of gestation (CRL= 2.40cm). The lingual epithelium consisted of a basal layer of cuboidal cells with squamous to cuboidal shaped more superficial layers. At 62 days of gestation (CRL= 10.10 cm), the lamina epithelialis of the tongue of goat foetus was distinctly stratified. At this stage of development, the epithelial layers could be divided into dark basal and a light apical or superficial zones. At 80-84 days of gestation (CRL=15.3 to 16.0 cm), the stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue was better developed both on the dorsum and ventral surfaces. At 93 days of gestation (CRL= 20.6 cm), the stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue was well developed and all the layers of the epithelium could be observed. In the foetii of gestational age of 100 days onwards, the lingual epithelium of the tongue showed various degrees of keratinization. Thus, it was concluded that the tongue of goat was lined with 3-4 layers of epithelial cells. The degree of stratification increased with an increase in gestational age. Also with age there was an increase in the degree of keratinization. This research further implicated that with further advancement of age the basal layer of the epithelium comprised high cylindrical cells along with well defined basement membrane. The decrepancy of histogenesis and keratogenesis between different species may be due to difference in the duration of the gestation period.

Prenatal gross morphometrical studies on spleen with special reference to prediction of foetal age in Surti goat (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Chaurasia ◽  
R. Menaka ◽  
Thakur Krishna Shankar Rao ◽  
K.K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Length Width

A study was conducted to elucidate the topographic location and morphometry of the spleen in 30 Surti goat foetuses at different stages of their development ranging from 44 to 144 days (4.0 to 41.0 cm CRL). On the basis of CR length, the foetuses were divided into three age groups viz., group-I (4.0 to 11.6 cm CRL), group-II (12.2 to 26.8 cm CRL) and group-III (27.2 to 41.0 cm CRL). Special attempt has been made to fit prediction equation (stepwise regression) for estimation of approximate age of Surti goat foetuses by using splenic biometrics. The developing spleen was observed at the age of 44 days (4.0 cm CRL) in abdominal cavity close to the stomach. The shape of spleen was roughly quadrilateral in all age groups. The various spleen measurements viz., length, width, thickness, volume and weight increases in dimensions during different stages of development and all the changes were highly significant (P less than 0.01). The mean relative weight of spleen was maximum (0.15%) in group-III. Among splenic parameters, the length of spleen was found most important variable; which could be used for estimation of age using stepwise regression (R2 = 0.97) model in Surti goat foetuses.

scholarly journals Histomorphometrical study of the tongue epithelium of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Al-Nefeiy
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Peregrine Falcon ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Lingual Epithelium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Layers ◽  
Tongue Epithelium

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the dorsal lingual epithelium of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) of the family Falconidae. The tongue in its dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces is covered with a non-keratinized multilayered stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina propria is present beneath the epithelial layers. Morphometrically, thickness of the apex tongue epithelium is more than that in the tongue body. Thickness of the ventral surface of the tongue is less than that in the dorsal one. Thickness of the lateral surface of the tongue was thicker than that in the ventral one and tongue body. Large and small conical papillae appeared on the posterior dorsal surface of the lingual body. There are lingual glands in certain areas of tongue body with numerous openings through the dorsal surface.

scholarly journals Histogenesis of the reticulum of non- descript goat (Capra hircus) of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Muneer Mohhamad Farooqui ◽  
Ajay Prakash Sharma ◽  
Archana Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
The Core ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Indian Goat

AbstractThe study was conducted on 36 developing reticulum from healthy and normal embryos/ foeti of Indian goat. Embryos/foeti were assigned into three groups. Histo-differentiation of reticulum of goat stomach took place at 38 days of gestation. The wall of foetal reticulum was made up of three strata i. e. epithelium, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and serosa up to 49 days of fetal age and definite four layers viz. epithelium, propria-submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa were observed first at 51 days of gestation. Upto 100 days of gestation the reticulum was lined by undifferentiated stratified epithelium and thereafter gradually transformed into stratified squamous epithelium. Keratinization was noticed at term. Primary and secondary reticular crests made their appearance at 60 and 112 days of gestation, respectively. Corial papillae were detected in primary and secondary reticular crests at 121 and 145 days of gestation, respectively. Near term, the core of the reticular crest also contained muscularis mucosae in its proximal 1/3rd region while core of the corial papillae contained only lamina propria. Reticular, collagen and elastic fibers came into sight at 46, 100 and 134 days of gestation, respectively.Summary statementThe study was conducted on intrauterine reticulum of Indian goat. From this study it can be concluded that the histogenesis of reticulum was almost completed in prenatal life. However, to become functional it still required more time as the relative sizes of reticulum and process of keratinization were yet to be completed.

Gross Morphometric Study on Postnatal Development of Adrenal Gland in Gohilwadi Goat (Capra Hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnudeo Kumar ◽  
Anil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Left And Right

A study was conducted on the adrenal gland of 20 Gohilwadi goats (Capra hircus), age ranging from day old to adult. Animals were divided in three age groups, viz., group-I (day old to 1 month), group-II (1 to 6 months) and group-III (above 6 months). The different gross and biometric parameters, viz., weight, length, width and thickness of both left and right adrenal gland were recorded. The left adrenal gland was roughly oval elongated and right was roughly triangular in shape in all the age groups. Different biometric parameters of adrenal gland increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from group I to group III. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in various gross and biometric observations between left and right adrenal gland within the same group.

Some preliminary observations on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb I. Histological changes due to age in the period from 46 days of foetal life to 77 days of post-natal life

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

1. A general survey of the histological changes of the fore-stomachs of the lambs from 46 days of foetal life to 77 days of post-natal life is presented.2. In all the rumen foetal specimens the mucosal surface was smooth. At birth small, conical papillae were visible and from this age onwards these papillae increased rapidly in size and tended to be long and tongue-shaped in appearance. Little change occurred in the appearance of the rumen papillae after 56 days of age.3. The outlines of the reticulum reticular ribs were visible in the 100-day-old foetal specimen. At birth the normal honeycomb-like structure of the reticulum was well developed, but the papillae on and between the reticular ribs were small and had rounded tips. From 20 days of age onwards the reticulum features increased in size and the papillae became pointed in shape.4. At 46 days of foetal life the omasum wall was folded to form developing laminae and by 70 days of foetal life laminae of four orders were present. The main age changes in the appearance of the mucosal surface from this age onward was an increase in the length of the laminae, the formation of small conical papillae on the laminae, and an increase in the inter-laminae spaces.5. All three fore-stomachs showed the same general histological changes with age. The epithelium changed from a stratified cuboidal type in the foetal specimens to a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium in the post-natal specimens. The basal layer of the epithelium became folded to form papillae, reticular ribs and laminae, and in the rumen and reticulum further folding of this layer took place to form papillary bodies.

scholarly journals Histological Study on the Nasal Cavity of Black Iraqi Goat (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Ali F. Reshag
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Histological Results

The histological observations of this study which conducted on nasal cavity of black Iraqi goat revealed that the nasal cavity consisted of three regions (vestibular, respiratory and olfactory(.The vestibular region was narrow zone, lined with (non keratinized) stratified squamous epithelium, and its propria submucosa contained serous glands and blood vessels.The respiratory region was lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells. The vascular propria submucosa had mucous glands, which were positive to periodic acdic shieff and Alcian blue stains. The olfactory region was lined with thick pseudostratified columnar epithelium devoid of goblet cells and contained, the propria submucosa serous simple acinus Alcian positive glands (Bowman's glands) and numerous nerve bundles. The histological results concluded that the nasal cavity of black Iraqi goat was good adaptive tooled for hot dusty environment.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

Reliability of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score in the Management of Peripheral Vascular Injuries in Children: A Retrospective Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mousa ◽  
Ossama M. Zakaria ◽  
Mai A. Elkalla ◽  
Lotfy A. Abdelsattar ◽  
Hamad Al-Game'a
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Vein Graft ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mangled Extremity ◽  
Group I ◽  
End To End

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate different management modalities for peripheral vascular trauma in children, with the aid of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). A single-center retrospective analysis took place between 2010 and 2017 at University Hospitals, having emergencies and critical care centers. Different types of vascular repair were adopted by skillful vascular experts and highly trained pediatric surgeons. Patients were divided into three different age groups. Group I included those children between 5 and 10 years; group II involved pediatrics between 11 and 15 years; while children between 16 and 21 years participated in group III. We recruited 183 children with peripheral vascular injuries. They were 87% males and 13% females, with the mean age of 14.72 ± 04. Arteriorrhaphy was performed in 32%; end-to-end anastomosis and natural vein graft were adopted in 40.5 and 49%, respectively. On the other hand, 10.5% underwent bypass surgery. The age groups I and II are highly susceptible to penetrating trauma (p = 0.001), while patients with an extreme age (i.e., group III) are more susceptible to blunt injury (p = 0.001). The MESS has a significant correlation to both age groups I and II (p = 0.001). Vein patch angioplasty and end-to-end primary repair should be adopted as the main treatment options for the repair of extremity vascular injuries in children. Moreover, other treatment modalities, such as repair with autologous vein graft/bypass surgery, may be adopted whenever possible. They are cost-effective, reliable, and simple techniques with fewer postoperative complication, especially in poor/limited resources.

scholarly journals A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed G. Sghaireen ◽  
Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Kiran Kumar Ganji ◽  
Santosh R. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Group I ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
The Right

A high rate of nerve injury and related consequences are seen during implant placement in the posterior mandibular arch. An approach has been proposed to avoid nerve injury by dodging the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) while placing an implant. A prospective study with a total of 240 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images of patients with three dentate statuses, namely, edentulous (group I), partially edentulous (group II) and dentate (group III) were included in the study. The nerve path tracing was done on CBCT images with On-demand 3D software. The three dimensions, i.e., the linear distance from the outer buccal cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (BCPN), linear distance from the outer lingual cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (LCPN) and linear distance from the midpoint of the alveolar crest to the inferior alveolar nerve (ACN) were assessed. The data were presented and analyzed between variables using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test in SPSS version 21.LCPN of the right 1st premolar region (p < 0.05) was significantly different among the groups with edentulous subjects recorded with the minimum value (6.50 ± 1.20 mm). Females were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 1.46 mm) on the right side of the mandibular jaw compared to males in edentulous group of patients. On comparing age groups for partially edentulous subjects, LCPN of the right 1st premolar region had significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 0.38 mm) in subjects with age ≥54 years. The IAN follows a lingual course in the molar region and later flips to the buccal side in the premolar region. The LCPN dimension in the 1st and 2nd premolar region was found to be more than 6 mm irrespective of age, gender and side of the jaw. Thus, it can be considered as a suitable site for placing implants while bypassing the IAN with CBCT assessment remaining as the mainstay in the pre-surgical phase.

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