scholarly journals Biology of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) on maize, Zea mays

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1994-2003
Author(s):  
Hemant Sharma ◽  
Maha Singh Jaglan ◽  
S. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Total Life

Biology of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted during 2015-16 in laboratories of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal on HQPM 1 (hybrid) and HKI 1128 (inbred) for two generations at room temperature. Results on biology of S. inferens in the first generation revealed that incubation period varied from 10-14 days on HQPM 1 and 11-15 days on HKI 1128. The larval duration lasted for 21-37 days on HQPM 1 and 24-39 days on HKI 1128. The adult longevity of male and female ranged from 6-7 days and 7-8 days on HQPM 1 and 5-7 days and 6-7 days on HKI 1128, respectively. The total life span ranged from 63-72 days for female and 45-58 days for male on HQPM 1 and 65-74 days for female and 49-62 days for male on HKI 1128, respectively in the first generation. The total life span in second generation ranged 94-107 days for female and 83-96 days for male on HQPM 1 and 98-112 days for female and 86-101 days for male on HKI 1128. The biology of an insect pest is a condition precedent to find out its management strategies. The biology of S. inferens on maize has not yet been studied in north western part of the country. Having regards to the fact that no systematic work on this aspect has been carried out, studies were conducted on biology of this pest for developing efficient pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Studies on Biology and Morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera) on Lentil under Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Gulshan Kumar ◽  
Surender Singh Yadav ◽  
Manisha . ◽  
Sindhu .
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Life

Background: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), an important and destructive pest of lentils and peas owing to its feeding habit. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the biology and morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (lepidoptera) on lentil under laboratory conditions. Study Design: Laboratory experiment carried out on biological parameters of Etiella zinckenella in the department of Entomology, CCSHAU and Hisar. Results: Study revealed that a single female could lay 46-65eggs (average 56.3 eggs) preferably singly on pods, flowers, calyx and leaves of lentil. Incubation period of the eggs varied from 5.18 to 5.38 days (average 5.24 days). After egg hatching, larvae passed through 5 larval instars. Total larval and pupal period was observed on an average 16.9 and 13.38 days, respectively. Adult longevity of male and female was found on an average 4.1 and 5.6 days respectively. Etiella zinckenella completed its total life cycle in 37-45 days.  Conclusion: Biology of an insect pest is a condition precedent to find out its management strategies. Hence, observation on nature and behaviour of each developmental stage of this pest can be further utilised in the effective management at its damaging stage under field conditions.

scholarly journals Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): biology, population fluctuation, infestation as affected by varieties, location, and planting dates in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ait Taadaouit ◽  
K. El Fakhouri ◽  
A. Sabraoui ◽  
L. Rohi ◽  
M. El Bouhssini
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The stem borer, Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the major insect pest of faba bean in the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the field biology and fluctuation of L. algirus at Douyet research Station in Morocco during two cropping seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 using two local faba bean varieties. The influence of sowing dates and varieties on the damage caused by L. algirus was investigated over different locations and seasons using a split-plot design. The overwintering adults appear in the field from February by feeding over the leaves of faba bean plants. Eggs are laid from Mid-February through late April and mostly during March. The egg peak ranged from 0.75 to 1.1 eggs per plant. The number of larvae increases during March and peaked in April. The larval peaks ranged between 0.45 to 1.5 larvae per plant. The larval development takes an average of 42 days. Pupation lasts about 21 days within stems. Adults emerged in early June. Life cycle duration was 80 days. One generation of L. algirus was recorded on faba bean varieties in Morocco. The mean number of eggs showed a positive correlation with total rainfall. The number of pupae and relative humidity was negatively correlated. Peach and almond leaves were the most preferred by the newely emerged L. algirus adult during the summer and early autumn period. Planting dates did not affect L. algirus infestation levels over all varieties tested and locations.

scholarly journals The Draft Genome of Yellow Stem Borer, an Agriculturally Important Pest, Provides Molecular Insights into Its Biology, Development and Specificity Towards Rice for Infestation

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Divya Kattupalli ◽  
Kalyani M. Barbadikar ◽  
Vishalakshi Balija ◽  
Suneel Ballichatla ◽  
Athulya R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Significant Yield

Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a major monophagous insect pest of rice, causes significant yield losses. The rice–YSB interaction is very dynamic, making it difficult for management. The development of resistant lines has been unsuccessful as there are no effective resistant sources in the germplasm. Genome information is necessary for a better understanding of interaction with rice in terms of its recognition, response, and infestation mechanism. The draft genome of YSB is predicted to have 46,057 genes with an estimated size of 308 Mb, being correlated with the flow cytometry analysis. The existence of complex metabolic mechanisms and genes related to specific behavior was identified, being conditioned by a higher level of regulation. We deciphered the possible visual, olfactory, and gustatory mechanisms responsible for its evolution as a monophagous pest. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that YSB is unique in the way it has evolved. The obvious presence of high-immunity-related genes, well-developed RNAi machinery, and diverse effectors provides a means for developing genomic tools for its management. The identified 21,696 SSR markers can be utilized for diversity analysis of populations across the rice-growing regions. We present the first draft genome of YSB. The information emanated paves a way for biologists to design novel pest management strategies as well as for the industry to design new classes of safer and specific insecticide molecules.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Innovative Cotton Genotypes Against Insect Pest Prevalence, Fiber Trait, Economic Yield and Virus Incidence in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Karar ◽  
M. Shahid ◽  
S. Ahamad
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Staple Length

Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is known as important commodity globally. The experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Multan, Punjab-Pakistan, to evaluate resistance of nine innovative cotton cultivars against insect pest complex were used along with their fiber traits, economic yield and virus incidence. Population of jassid, whitefly and thrips was recorded by using leaf turn method, bollworms by counting whole fruiting parts (buds, flowers and bolls), virus by counting healthy and virus effected plants per plot, yield of seed cotton was determined by hand harvesting method, while qualitative fiber properties were measured through HVI spectrum-1 (high volume instrumentation) method. Cotton genotype NIAB-Bt-2 is resistant to jassid, whitefly and thrips with maximum GOT, staple length. In case of bollworms, all genotypes are resistant to spotted and american bollworm, except FH-142 and MNH-988. No genotype is resistant to pink bollworm in leftover bolls. Best yield performance was recorded on FH-142 (2041.54 kg/ha) with minimum CLCuV incidence. Further our research should recognize the share of one pest species on the yield and fiber quality of cotton by managing other pest species to define better management strategies. Our studies concluded that the genotype NIAB-Bt-2 has less insect attack i.e., sucking pest as well as bollworms, virus and other fiber characteristics like GOT, staple length as compared with other cotton genotypes should be recommended for general cultivation and being a resistant germplasm it should be included in breeding program for the development of new cotton strains.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) on maize as influenced by weather conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1975-1980
Author(s):  
Hemant Sharma ◽  
M. S. Jaglan ◽  
S. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Sesamia Inferens

A field study on population dynamics of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) on maize was carried out during rabi, 2015-2016 at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal. Studies on population dynamics revealed that the maximum number of egg masses was observed during 46th SW (standard week), 2015. The larval population increased after 45th SW and reached the maximum during the 49th SW, 2015 and then declined till 7th SW, 2016. Maximum plant infestation by larvae was recorded 19.5 per cent in inbred HKI 1128 and 21.0 per cent in hybrid HQPM 1 during the 7th SW, 2016. No larval activity of S. inferens, plant infestation and dead hearts were observed during 2nd SW to 4th SW of 2016 (second week to last week of January). It could be due to the fact that insect might have entered the hibernation. Correlation of S. inferens population with various environmental factors revealed that larval population had a significant negative correlation with maxi-mum temperature (Tmax.) and minimum temperature (Tmin.), rainfall (RF) (r= -0.4992, -0.5183 and -0.5698) on HKI 1128 and (r= -0.4872, -0.4717 and -0.5242) on HQPM 1, respectively. Multiple regression analysis of S. inferens population with weather parameters showed that there was 80 per cent (HQPM1) and 82 per cent (HKI 1128) variability in larval population due to various environmental factors. The population dynamics revealed by this study have far reaching significance in pest management strategy as integrated control measures may be focused only during the period wherein population exceeds economic threshold level (ETL).

Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac Wylde ◽  
Foteini Spagopoulou ◽  
Amy K Hooper ◽  
Alexei A Maklakov ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

Chemosensory genes in the head of Spodoptera litura larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Wei-Chen Yao ◽  
Hui-Hui Yang ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Chemosensory System ◽  
Chemosensory Genes

Abstract The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest with a highly selective and sensitive chemosensory system involved in complex physiological behaviors such as searching for food sources, feeding, courtship, and oviposition. However, effective management strategies for controlling the insect pest populations under threshold levels are lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate eco-friendly pest control strategies based on the disruption of the insect chemosensory system. In this study, we identified 158 putative chemosensory genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data for S. litura, including 45 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs, nine were new), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 60 odorant receptors (ORs, three were new), and 30 gustatory receptors (GRs, three were new), a number higher than those reported by previous transcriptome studies. Subsequently, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on these genes in moths and analyzed the dynamic expression of various genes in head capsules across larval instars using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nine genes–SlitOBP8, SlitOBP9, SlitOBP25, SlitCSP1, SlitCSP7, SlitCSP18, SlitOR34, SlitGR240, and SlitGR242–were highly expressed in the heads of 3- to 5-day-old S. litura larvae. The genes differentially expressed in olfactory organs during larval development might play crucial roles in the chemosensory system of S. litura larvae. Our findings substantially expand the gene inventory for S. litura and present potential target genes for further studies on larval feeding in S. litura.

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