Ten-Year Stability of Verbal and Nonverbal IQ Scores

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Hopkins ◽  
Glenn H. Bracht
Keyword(s):  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Iq Scores

Intelligence tests continue to be the most widely used measures of cognitive aptitudes. Performance on such measures is usually expressed as an IQ score. Popular opinion to the contrary, relatively little is known about the long term measuring of IQ scores from group verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests, especially the latter. This study shows that, below ten years of age, stability in IQ scores from group verbal tests is considerably below that for the Stanford-Binet. Non-verbal IQ scores were found to have substantially less stability than Verbal IQs.

European Differences in Self-Perceived Multiple Intelligences

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tim Rakow ◽  
Ivan Sarmany-Schuller ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Culture Differences ◽  
Three Factor

In this study, 140 Belgian, 227 British, and 177 Slovakian students estimated their own multiple IQ scores as well as that of their parents (mother and father) and siblings (first and second brother and sister). Various factor analyses yielded a clear three-factor structure replicating previous studies. A sex × culture ANOVA on self-ratings of three factors that underline the seven intelligences (verbal, numerical, cultural) showed culture and sex effects as well as interactions. As predicted, males rated their own overall IQ, though not that of their parents or siblings, higher than females did. Males also rated their numerical IQ, but not their verbal or cultural IQ, higher than females did. There were few culture differences but many interactions, nearly all caused by Slovakian females, who rated aspects of their own and their fathers' IQ higher than Slovakian males, while the pattern for the Belgians was precisely the opposite. Participants believed their verbal IQ was higher than their numerical IQ and their cultural IQ. Males believed their verbal and numerical IQ score to be fairly similar, though much higher than their cultural IQ, while females believed their verbal IQ the highest, followed by numerical and cultural IQ. Females also believed they were more intelligent than both parents. Overall results showed consistency in the sex differences in ratings across cultures but differences in level of estimated IQ possibly as a result of cultural demands for modesty.

scholarly journals Human milk feeding and cognitive outcome in preterm infants: the role of infection and NEC reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winok Lapidaire ◽  
Alan Lucas ◽  
Jonathan D. Clayden ◽  
Chris Clark ◽  
Mary S. Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Verbal Iq

Abstract Background Breast milk has been associated with lower risk of infection and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and improved long-term cognitive outcomes in preterm infants but, if unsupplemented, does not meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants were randomised to receive a high nutrient intervention diet: preterm formula (PTF) or the standard diet: term formula (TF) or banked donor breast milk (BBM), either as their sole diet or as supplement to maternal breast milk (MBM). IQ tests were performed at ages 7, 15, 20, and 30 years. Results An increase in MBM and BBM intake was associated with a lower chance of neonatal infection/NEC. Neonatal infection/NEC was associated with lower Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) score at ages 7 and 30 years. The relationship between higher intake of MBM and PIQ at age 7 years was partly mediated by neonatal infection/NEC. The intervention diet was associated with higher Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores compared to the standard diet. There was no evidence that these effects changed from childhood through to adulthood. Conclusions Neonatal diet is an important modifiable factor that can affect long-term cognitive outcome through a ‘human milk’ factor, protecting against infection/NEC, and a ‘nutrient content’ factor. Impact This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of neonatal infection/necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) on IQ in the same cohort in childhood and adulthood. Diet can be a key factor in long-term cognitive outcome in people born preterm by preventing neonatal infection/NEC and providing adequate nutrients. Human milk, whether MBM or BBM, is associated with a reduced risk of infection/NEC. A higher nutrient diet is associated with better cognitive outcome in childhood. Performance IQ is particularly vulnerable to the effects of infection/NEC and verbal IQ to the quantity of (macro)nutrients in the diet.

scholarly journals Alexithymia slows performance but preserves spontaneous semantic decoding of negative expressions in the emostroop task

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney K. Hsing ◽  
Alicia J. HofelichMohr ◽  
R. Brent Stansfield ◽  
Stephanie D. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
The Face ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Personality Construct

Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality construct related to deficits in the recognition and verbalization of emotions. It is uncertain what causes alexithymia or which stage of emotion processing is first affected. The current study was designed to determine if trait alexithymia was associated with impaired early semantic decoding of facial emotion. Participants performed the Emostroop task, which varied the presentation time of faces depicting neutral, angry, or sad expressions before the classification of angry or sad adjectives. The Emostroop effect was replicated, represented by slowed responses when the classified word was incongruent with the background facial emotion. Individuals with high alexithymia were slower overall across all trials, particularly when classifying sad adjectives; however, they did not differ on the basic Emostroop effect. Our results suggest that alexithymia does not stem from lower-level problems detecting and categorizing others’ facial emotions. Moreover, their impairment does not appear to extend uniformly across negative emotions and is not specific to angry or threatening stimuli as previously reported, at least during early processing. Almost in contrast to the expected impairment, individuals with high alexithymia and lower verbal IQ scores had even more pronounced Emostroop effects, especially when the face was displayed longer.To better understand the nature of alexithymia, future research needs to further disentangle the precise phase of emotion processing and forms of affect most affected in this relatively common condition

Preoperative predictors of anterior temporal language areas

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Schwartz ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
Werner Doyle ◽  
Kenneth Perrine
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Although it is known that 5 to 10% of patients have language areas anterior to the rolandic cortex, many surgeons still perform standard anterior temporal lobectomies for epilepsy of mesial onset and report minimal long-term dysphasia. The authors examined the importance of language mapping before anterior temporal lobectomy. Methods. The authors mapped naming, reading, and speech arrest in a series of 67 patients via stimulation of long-term implanted subdural grids before resective epilepsy surgery and correlated the presence of language areas in the anterior temporal lobe with preoperative demographic and neuropsychometric data. Naming (p < 0.03) and reading (p < 0.05) errors were more common than speech arrest in patients undergoing surgery in the anterior temporal lobe. In the approximate region of a standard anterior temporal lobectomy, including 2.5 cm of the superior temporal gyrus and 4.5 cm of both the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, the authors identified language areas in 14.5% of patients tested. Between 1.5 and 3.5 cm from the temporal tip, patients who had seizure onset before 6 years of age had more naming (p < 0.02) and reading (p < 0.01) areas than those in whom seizure onset occurred after age 6 years. Patients with a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) lower than 90 had more naming (p < 0.05) and reading (p < 0.02) areas than those with an IQ higher than 90. Finally, patients who were either left handed or right hemisphere memory dominant had more naming (p < 0.05) and reading (p < 0.02) areas than right-handed patients with bilateral or left hemisphere memory lateralization. Postoperative neuropsychometric testing showed a trend toward a greater decline in naming ability in patients who were least likely to have anterior language areas, that is, those with higher verbal IQ and later seizure onset. Conclusions. Preoperative identification of markers of left hemisphere damage, such as early seizure onset, poor verbal IQ, left handedness, and right hemisphere memory dominance should alert neurosurgeons to the possibility of encountering essential language areas in the anterior temporal lobe (1.5–3.5 cm from the temporal tip). Naming and reading tasks are required to identify these areas. Whether removal of these areas necessarily induces long-term impairment in verbal abilities is unknown; however, in patients with a low verbal IQ and early seizure onset, these areas appear to be less critical for language processing.

Routine Indomethacin Prophylaxis: Has the Time Come?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-785
Author(s):  
Henrietta S. Bada
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Iq Scores

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a significant cause of long-term morbidity among premature infants1. Clinical trials2-4 have shown that prophylactic indomethacin is associated with a decreased incidence of IVH, including the severe form. In this issue of Pediatrics, Ment et al5 report on the long-term outcome of children who received indomethacin prophylaxis for IVH. Incidence of cerebral palsy (8%) was similar between the indomethacin-and placebo-treated groups; mean IQ scores determined from the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M, 1972) did not differ. IQ scores were significantly related to IVH, birth weight, and maternal education; ie, lower IQ scores with IVH and higher scores with higher birth weight and years of education.

scholarly journals Long-term decline in intelligence among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Krull ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Aimee Santucci ◽  
Deo Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Matthew J. Krasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Cranial Radiation ◽  
Key Points

Key Points Adult survivors of childhood ALL treated with cranial radiation demonstrate a decline in verbal intelligence during an interval of 28 years. This decline was associated with current attention problems, but not gender, radiation dose, or age at radiation exposure.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intrauterine Growth on Verbal IQ Scores in Childhood: A Study of Monozygotic Twins

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. e1095-e1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Edmonds ◽  
E. B. Isaacs ◽  
T. J. Cole ◽  
M. H. Rogers ◽  
J. Lanigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Iq Scores

A Reading Level Match Study of Nonword Reading Skills in Poor Readers with Varying IQ

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Felton ◽  
Frank B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Nonword Reading

This study evaluated the hypothesis that poor readers are characterized by poor nonword reading skills, but that a specific deficit, as opposed to a developmental lag, in nonword reading will be found only in subjects whose reading is discrepant from intellectual ability. To test this hypothesis, we measured nonword reading skills in 93 (64 male, 29 female) third-grade poor readers and 54 (37 male, 17 female) fifth-grade poor readers (with and without reading/IQ discrepancies) who were matched to 147 (81 male, 66 female) nondisabled first graders on word identification skills. Results showed third- and fifth-grade poor readers to be significantly more impaired than word-identification level match first graders on all measures on nonword reading. These findings were not related to the verbal IQ level within the poor reader groups and, thus, provide strong evidence for a deficit in nonword reading skills that is not explained by verbal intelligence.

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