Characterization of an ecotype of brake-fern, Pteris vittata, for arsenic tolerance and accumulation in plant biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Sarangi ◽  
T. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Arsenic Tolerance

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Janarthanan Supramaniam ◽  
Darren Yi Sern Low ◽  
See Kiat Wong ◽  
Loh Teng Hern Tan ◽  
Bey Fen Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Potential Applications

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8–10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites.

scholarly journals Evidence for Phytoremediation and Phytoexcretion of NTO from Industrial Wastewater by Vetiver Grass

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Abhishek RoyChowdhury ◽  
Pallabi Mukherjee ◽  
Saumik Panja ◽  
Rupali Datta ◽  
Christos Christodoulatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Insensitive Munitions ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The use of insensitive munitions such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is rapidly increasing and is expected to replace conventional munitions in the near future. Various NTO treatment technologies are being developed for the treatment of wastewater from industrial munition facilities. This is the first study to explore the potential phytoremediation of industrial NTO-wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.). Here, we present evidence that vetiver can effectively remove NTO from wastewater, and also translocated NTO from root to shoot. NTO was phytotoxic and resulted in a loss of plant biomass and chlorophyll. The metabolomic analysis showed significant differences between treated and control samples, with the upregulation of specific pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, providing a glimpse into the stress alleviation strategy of vetiver. One of the mechanisms of NTO stress reduction was the excretion of solid crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of NTO crystals in the plant exudates. Further characterization of the exudates is in progress to ascertain the purity of these crystals, and if vetiver could be used for phytomining NTO from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals A Vacuolar Arsenite Transporter Necessary for Arsenic Tolerance in the Arsenic Hyperaccumulating Fern Pteris vittata Is Missing in Flowering Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2045-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Indriolo ◽  
GunNam Na ◽  
Danielle Ellis ◽  
David E. Salt ◽  
Jo Ann Banks
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Arsenic Tolerance

Characterization of a novel arsenite long‐distance transporter from arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huili Yan ◽  
Wenxiu Xu ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Lu Feng ◽  
Ruoxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Arsenic Hyperaccumulator

scholarly journals Characterization of Ionic Liquid Lignins Isolated from Spruce Wood with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Methyl Sulfate and Their Binary Mixtures with DMSO

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artyom V. Belesov ◽  
Anton V. Ladesov ◽  
Ilya I. Pikovskoi ◽  
Anna V. Faleva ◽  
Dmitry S. Kosyakov
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Spruce Wood

Ionic liquids (ILs) based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) cation have proved to be promising solvents for the fractionation of plant biomass with the production of cellulose and lignin. This study deals with the characterization of lignins isolated from coniferous (spruce) wood using [bmim]OAc and [bmim]MeSO4 ionic liquids and their binary mixtures with DMSO (80:20). Molecular weight distributions, functional composition, and structural features of IL lignins were studied by size-exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy (1D and 2D) and atmospheric pressure photoionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was shown that the interaction of ILs with lignin leads to significant chemical changes in the biopolymer; a decrease in the degree of polymerization and in the content of free phenolic hydroxyl groups due to alkylation, the disappearance (in the case of [bmim]OAc) of carbonyl groups and a significant destruction of β-O-4 bonds. The chemical reactions between lignin and 1-butyl-3-methylidazolium cation with covalent binding of ionic liquids or products of their decomposition is evidenced by the presence of a large number of nitrogen-containing oligomers in IL lignins.

Characterization of biochars from a plant biomass and its effect on lead sorption capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noeline B. Fernandez ◽  
Manohar D. Mullassery ◽  
Diana Thomas ◽  
R Surya ◽  
Y. Jelen Das
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lead Sorption

scholarly journals Effects of Calcination Temperature and Chemical Modification on the Adsorption of Cd and As(V) by Biochar Derived from Pteris Vittata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Sugawara ◽  
Kouhei Ichio ◽  
Yumiko Ichikawa ◽  
Hitoshi Ogawa ◽  
Seiichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Very High

Abstract Phytoremediation can be applied successfully to solve the serious worldwide issue of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) pollution. However, the treatment of biomass containing toxic elements after remediation is a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effective use of biomass resources by converting the As hyperaccumulator P. vittata into biochar to adsorb toxic elements. Plant biomass containing As was calcined at 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1200 °C and its surface structure and adsorption performances for As and Cd were evaluated. Calcination at 1200 °C increased the specific surface area of the biochar, but it did not significantly affect its adsorption capacity for toxic elements. The calcined biochar had very high adsorption capacities of 90% and 95% for As and Cd, respectively, adsorbing 450 mg/g-biochar of both elements. The As adsorption rate was improved by FeCl3 treatment. However, the adsorption capacity for Cd was not significantly affected by the NaOH treatment. In conclusion, it was found that after phytoremediation using P. vittata biomass, it can be effectively used as an environmental purification material by conversion to biochar. Furthermore, chemical modification with FeCl3 improves the biochar’s adsorption performance.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Recovery and Characterization of Metagenome-Derived Glycoside Hydrolase-Containing Clones as a Resource for Biocatalyst Development

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Armstrong ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Sam Kheirandish ◽  
Hong-Ming Chen ◽  
Keith Mewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Biomass Degradation ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Or Gene

ABSTRACT Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool for both the discovery and development of biocatalysts. This study presents the high-throughput functional screening of 22 large-insert fosmid libraries containing over 300,000 clones sourced from natural and engineered ecosystems, characterization of active clones, and a demonstration of the utility of recovered genes or gene cassettes in the development of novel biocatalysts. Screening was performed in a 384-well-plate format with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, which releases a fluorescent molecule when cleaved by β-glucosidases or cellulases. The resulting set of 164 active clones was subsequently interrogated for substrate preference, reaction mechanism, thermal stability, and optimal pH. The environmental DNA harbored within each active clone was sequenced, and functional annotation revealed a cornucopia of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Evaluation of genomic-context information revealed both synteny and polymer-targeting loci within a number of sequenced clones. The utility of these fosmids was then demonstrated by identifying clones encoding activity on an unnatural glycoside (4-methylumbelliferyl 6-azido-6-deoxy-β-d-galactoside) and transforming one of the identified enzymes into a glycosynthase capable of forming taggable disaccharides. IMPORTANCE The generation of new biocatalysts for plant biomass degradation and glycan synthesis has typically relied on the characterization and investigation of one or a few enzymes at a time. By coupling functional metagenomic screening and high-throughput functional characterization, we can progress beyond the current scale of catalyst discovery and provide rapid annotation of catalyst function. By functionally screening environmental DNA from many diverse sources, we have generated a suite of active glycoside hydrolase-containing clones and demonstrated their reaction parameters. We then demonstrated the utility of this collection through the generation of a new catalyst for the formation of azido-modified glycans. Further interrogation of this collection of clones will expand our biocatalytic toolbox, with potential application to biomass deconstruction and synthesis of glycans.

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