scholarly journals Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional untuk Bebas dari Penyiksaan di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Rommy Patra
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Convention Against Torture ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Upaya mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia bukanlah persoalan yang mudah. Meski sudah meratifikasi Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan dan mengakui hak untuk bebas dari penyiksaan sebagai HAM dan hak konstitusional, namun praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia masih juga berlangsung secara massif. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan praktik penyiksaan masih terjadi di Indonesia? Kedua, upaya apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan dalam memperkuat perlindungan HAM dan hak konstitusional untuk bebas dari penyiksaan di Indonesia? Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan masih terjadinya praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia: (1) tidak adanya aturan hukum yang tegas dan memberikan sanksi yang berat kepada pelaku penyiksaan; (2) terinstitusionalisasinya praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan di jajaran penegak hukum serta permisifnya masyarakat terhadap praktik tersebut; (3) mekanisme perlindungan dan pemberian kompensasi terhadap korban penyiksaan masih belum memadai. Kedua, perbaikan yang harus dilakukan mencakup: (1) adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pemerintah dengan membuat kebijakan penghapusan tindakan penyiksaan, seperti membuat Undang-Undang khusus menentang penyiksaan; (2) penataan institusi Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, TNI, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan serta lembaga-lembaga lainnya dengan meningkatkan pengawasan, memberikan sanksi yang tegas dan dilakukannya proses hukum jika masih terdapat praktik penyiksaan yang dilakukan. Selain itu perlu diberikan pendidikan HAM bagi personil institusi-institusi tersebut; (3) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat agar memiliki kesadaran untuk melawan setiap praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan; (4) mengoptimalkan peranan lembaga seperti Komnas HAM dan LPSK untuk memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan terhadap korban. (5) harus adanya pemenuhan terhadap hak-hak korban yang menjadi korban dari praktik penyiksaan.Efforts to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia are not easy. Although it has ratified the Convention Against Torture and recognizes the right for freedom from torture as human rights and constitutional rights, the practice of torture in Indonesia is still massive. The problem is, what factors cause the practice of torture to still occur in Indonesia? Then what efforts should be made to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in strengthening human rights protection and constitutional rights for freedom from torture in Indonesia? The approach used in this study is the statute approach, case approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show a number of factors that leads to the practice of torture in Indonesia: (1) the absence of strict legal rules and severe sanctions for perpetrators of torture; (2) institutionalization of the practice of violence and torture in the ranks of law enforcement as well as the permissiveness of the community towards the practice; (3) the mechanism for protecting and providing compensation to victims of torture is still inadequate. The improvements that must be made include: (1) a strong commitment from the government by making a policy of abolishing acts of torture, such as making a special law against torture; (2) structuring of the Police, Prosecutor's Office, TNI, Correctional Institutions and other institutions by increasing supervision, providing strict sanctions and carrying out legal proceedings if there are still practices of torture carried out. In addition, it needs education of human rights for personnel of these institutions; (3) increasing community participation in order to have awareness to fight every practice of violence and torture; (4) optimizing the role of institutions such as Komnas HAM and LPSK to provide protection and assistance to victims. (5) there must be rights fulfillment to the victims who become the victims of the practice of torture.

scholarly journals Hak-hak Konstitusional Anak terkait Penelantaran Akibat Perceraian

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Yusnani Hasyimzum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract Children, both boys and girls, are considered state assets because they represent the nation's future generation. Children's development and growth require special consideration and protection on the part of parents, family, society, nation, and state. Children's constitutional rights are regulated in the 1945 Constitution, which guarantees the welfare of every citizen, including protection against violations of children's rights, which are considered human rights. Every child has the right to survival, growth, and development, as well as the right to be protected from violence and discrimination, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; additionally, every child has the right to survival, growth, and development, as well as the right to be protected from violence and discrimination; The issue is why the constitutional rights of children who have been neglected as a result of divorce have not been fully complied with and what legal safeguards have the government implemented to reduce the number of child neglect victims.

scholarly journals Ban on electronic cigarettes in Brazil: a policy in favor of human rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C A Maia ◽  
D C Fabriz ◽  
T A Motta ◽  
V F Zanotelli ◽  
B Zamprogno
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract This research aims to study the prohibition of electronic cigarettes' commerce in Brazil and to demonstrate its relevance in the realization of freedom and health, especially considering the impact of these devices worldwide. Also known as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends) and e-cigarettes it is a type of product designed to deliver nicotine, derived from tobacco leaf, in the form of an aerosol, some of which are also sold without nicotine. It is necessary to analyze, using rhetoric as method, as well as the science of statistics, the conflicting principles of freedom and life involved in the citizen's right to choose and public health, to answer the question: Is a complete ban on e-cigs the correct policy from the government? The commercialization, importation and advertising of electronic cigarettes was prohibited by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) in 2009, thus banning, at least legally, access to the devices inside the country. Despite this prohibition, the trade in vaporizers and their fluids, which contains nicotine, is easily achieved on the internet, informally. It must be noted that, even considering the benefits of vaping for chronic smokers, there is the concern of secondhand smokers and the upsurge of young people taking on vaping to consider. The conclusion is that, although both individual freedom and health are constitutional rights, in this conflict between them, the suppression of individual freedom is needed, since health is a public concern, and it stands to reason that, even considering the lesser impact vaping has on people, compared to combustion cigarettes, there are two factors in play: First, nobody has the right to expose people to any chance of ill effects, negating the argument of reduced risks when compared to cigarettes. Secondly, there are no long-term studies to support the claims of safety in this practice. The ban, therefore, represents public health and respect regarding Human Rights. Key messages The conflict between individual freedom and health must prevent, in this situation, the possibility of affecting the health of new generations and nonsmokers. There are no long-term studies proving the safety of electronic cigarettes, therefore the law banning the product is a preventive act in the name of public health.

Human Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary with Special Regard to the Right to Have Contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Szeibert
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Medical Crisis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parent Child

In Hungary, the government declared a state of danger in March 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The state of danger was lifted in June, but epidemological preparedness and state of medical crisis were declared by a government decree. In November 2020, the state of danger was declared for the second time, while epidemological preparedness was maintained. In February 2021, the state of danger was declared again. The list of the legal rules which changed and have been continuously changing because of the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020 is extremly long and the new provision or the modifications have been heavily influencing the population's everyday life. The aim of this paper is to overview primarily the restrictions affecting human rights with special regard to the right to have contact as one of the patients' rights. Important issues of the parent-child contact affected by the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed, as well.

scholarly journals Aturan Pembebasan Narapidana dengan Program Asimilasi dan Integrasi di Tengah Wabah Covid-19 di Tinjau Dari Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Ham Nomor 10 Tahun 2020

INICIO LEGIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Halim Dimas Ferdiansyah ◽  
Syamsul Fatoni
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Release Program ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occupancy Rates

ABSTRAKDasar pertimbangan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Persyaratan Pemberian Hak Asimilasi dan Integrasi bagi Narapidana dan Anak dalam rangka pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyebaran COVID-19. dengan banyaknya tingkat hunian di penjara, hal ini telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi pemerintah. Namun, terpidana yang dibebaskan mengulangi kejahatannya lagi dan menimbulkan kecemasan publik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara Permenkumham Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 dengan Permenkumham Nomor 20 Tahun 2020 dan kesesuaian prinsip pembinaan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang pemasyarakatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pemberian hak asimilasi dan integrasi narapidana dalam Permenkumham Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 diberikan sesuai dengan persyaratan substantif dan administratif secara lengkap. Namun dalam Permenkuham Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 terdapat beberapa perbedaan dalam hal pemberian hak asimilasi dan integrasi, baik persyaratan substantif maupun administratif, sehingga Permenkumham Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 memudahkan narapidana mendapatkan hak asimilasi dan integrasi. serta pelaksanaan ketentuan pemberian asimilasi dan integrasi dalam Permenkumham Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tidak sesuai dengan prinsip pembinaan dalam undang-undang pemasyarakatan. Ketidaksesuaian tersebut dikarenakan adanya narapidana yang kembali melakukan tindak pidana, hal ini menunjukkan kegagalan dalam melakukan pembinaan terhadap narapidana. Pasalnya, program pembebasan hanya berfokus pada pencegahan penularan COVID-19 di lapas Kata kunci: asimilasi, integrasi, narapidana, perbedaan dan kesesuaian Permenkumham ABSTRACTThe basis for the consideration of the issuance of Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 10 of 2020 concerning the Requirements for Granting Assimilation and Integration Rights for Prisoners and Children in the context of preventing and overcoming the spread of COVID-19. with many occupancy rates in prisons, it caused a concern of the government. However, the convict who was released repeated the crime again and caused public anxiety. The purpose of this research was to find out the difference between Permenkumham (Regulation of the minister of Law and human righs) Number 3 of 2018 and Permenkumham Number 20 of 2020 and the suitability of the principles of development with Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning correctionalism. The method used in this research was a type of normative legal research using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicated that the differences in the provision of assimilation rights and integration of prisoners in Permenkumham No.3 of 2018 were given in accordance with the complete substantive and administrative requirements. However, in Permenkuham No.10 of 2020 there are several differences in terms of granting assimilation and integration rights, both substantive and administrative requirements, so that Permenkumham No.10 of 2020 made it easier for inmates to get the right of assimilation and integration. and the implementation of the provisions for assimilation and integration in Permenkumham No.10 of 2020 is not in accordance with the principles of guidance in the correctional law. This mismatch was due to the presence of prisoners who had returned to committing criminal acts, this indicated a failure to provide guidance to prisoners. This was because the release program only focuses on preventing transmisfsion of COVID-19 in prisons. Keywords: Assimilation, Integration, Prisoners, Differences and suitability of Permenkumham

scholarly journals Child-Friendly Cities and Districts As Human Rights Protection in Indonesia’s Decentralization Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Fanny Tanuwijaya ◽  
Fiska Maulidian Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This paper aims to examine the implementation of the Child Friendly Cities and Districts in Indonesia, as part of the decentralized agenda of current Indonesian reform. Child protection has become one of the current problematic issues. This protection includes the effort to guarantee and ensure the right to live, grow, develop, and participate fully in realizing each child's future. The Indonesian government introduces regional child protection, it is Child-Friendly Cities and Districts as a part of the critical address responding to the issue  to the extent the government provide a serious protection for the infant generation. Historically, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) initiated this concept, whose purpose was to aspire to children's rights through the goals, programs, policies, and local governance structures. To date, there remain many regional governments that do not have regulations on child-friendly cities or districts.  This paper considers Indonesia's regions experiencing in regulating and implementing the child-friendly cities and districts that have become a benchmark for the other regions. In the end, this paper concludes that each region must regulate and implement the child-friendly cities with regional characteristics into a series of regional regulations, particularly preceded by the regional regulation. KEYWORDS: Human Rights, Child Protection, Children Rights, Child-Friendly Cities.

scholarly journals ETIKA PENYADAPAN OLEH KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DALAM HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugeng Widodo ◽  
Mufidah Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rise of corruption cases certainly forces the government to prevent corrupt measures, the wiretapping in Indonesia by the KPK, also in terms of tackling other criminal acts. So of course there is Ethics, Ethics so far has not been touched by the KPK because in conducting wiretapping it is only limited to following the laws and regulations even though in regard to laws and regulations there should be ethics that must be maintained to guarantee the right to life of one's privacy. The research method used in this study is the qualitative research method with the type of library research library research, using the statutory approach, and theories (conceptual approach), and the Case Approach (doctrinal approach) which is examined through various literatures relating to the regulation of privacy rights, also relating to the regulation of wiretapping of the KPK.Keywords: Ethics, Wiretapping by the KPK, Wiretapping in the Human Rights PerspectiveMaraknya kasus korupsi tentu memaksa pemerintah terhadap langkah-langkah preventive koruptor, maka penyadapan di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh KPK, juga dalam hal menanggulangi tindakan-tindakan kriminal lainnya. Maka tentu ada Etika, Etika selama ini belum tersentuh oleh KPK karena dalam melakukan penyadapan hanya sebatas mengikuti peraturan perundang-undangan, padahal berkenaan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan seharusnya ada etika yang harus dijaga untuk menjamin hak kehidupan privasi seseorang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan ( library research), menggunakan Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (statutory approach), dan Teori-teori (conceptual approach), serta Pendekatan Kasus (doktrinal approach) yang diteliti melalui berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan hak-hak privasi, juga berkaitan dengan pengaturan penyadapan KPK.  Kata Kunci :  Etika, Penyadapan oleh KPK, Penyadapan dalam Presfektif  HAM   

scholarly journals The Communist Party of China’s Approach to Human Rights and the Death Penalty

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-154
Author(s):  
Huang Gui
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Human

Under the Constitution of China, the Communist Party (cpc) does not merely play a leadership role in the political field, but also in the legal arena. Legislation must reflect the Party’s outlook and achieve its policies, including any legal provisions governing particular systems, such as arrangements for the death penalty. After introducing the relationship between the cpc and legislation, this article will discuss the shift in the cpc’s approach to human rights and changes to the death penalty system in the Maoist, Deng Xiaoping and post-Deng eras. In the Maoist era, the government rejected human rights, but its policy on execution – at least on paper – was cautious and even stricter than during the other eras; the cpc recognised and accepted human rights in the Deng era, but emphasised national security and stability. As a result, individual human rights were not fully taken into account. Execution was considered an important measure to control crime and the scope of the relevant legislation was expanded. Post-Deng, human rights have developed gradually. Human rights protection has been incorporated into the Constitution and individual human rights have become more valued, but the cpc still focuses on state security, development and stability, and has not valued the right to life to the same extent as the right to subsistence. Although steps to reform the death penalty are being taken, 46 crimes are still punishable by death. The cpc should change its outlook and focus on the right to life, and abolish the death penalty de facto and de jure.

Enhancing Mechanism for Protection of Constitutional Rights in Viet Nam Today

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Van Nghia Hoang Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
National Human ◽  
The Right

This article’s overall goal is to examine the development of constitutional rights and their mechanisms for protection and promotion in Viet Nam through the case of the right to environment. Utilising legal methods, as well as qualitative and quantitative methods, the research investigates the ways in which the right to environment has been protected in Viet Nam through examining the case of the Thi Vai River. Given the strengths and weaknesses of Viet Nam’s existing legal system and its mechanisms for human rights protection through accessing the case of the citizen’s right to environment, the article proposes several recommendations for better protecting and promoting constitutional rights. These include further improving its legal system, establishing independent institutions and effective mechanisms (such as the Constitutional Council, Ombudsman, a National Human Rights Body, and an Environmental Court), and enhancing education, training and dissemination of international human rights law and constitutional rights for all.

Social Power and the Politics of Reservations and Objections in Human Rights Treaties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody D Eldredge ◽  
Megan Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Convention Against Torture ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Commitments

Abstract States often file reservations to human rights treaties with the goal of reducing their legal commitments under the treaty. Other states within the treaty have the right to declare objections in response to states making reservations. This is a potentially powerful tool for objecting states, and has numerous consequences for relations within and outside the human rights institution. So why do only some states lodge formal objections, while others do not? We argue that states consider the degree of social power they wield over a reserving state when formulating the decision to lodge an objection, because higher levels of social power amplify the effects of an objection. To evaluate our expectation, we gather data on all states’ reserving and objecting behaviors within the Convention against Torture. Controlling for a number of factors, we find that the measure of social power significantly increases the likelihood that a state will object to another state's reservation. This research calls attention to the power of objections as a legal tool, and suggests areas of future research for the effects of objections on the legality of human rights agreements.

Rights against Torture in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-136
Author(s):  
Hemang Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Convention Against Torture ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Torture is a serious human rights problem in the world. Despite the absolute prohibition under the Convention against Torture (cat) and other international law, torture is still practiced in many parts of the world. The widespread prevalence of torture is a source of concern. Nepal is a party to the cat. The Interim Constitution of Nepal guarantees the rights against torture as fundamental rights. However, reports from various organisations provide chilling records and case studies about the widespread use of torture. The increasing link between national and international human rights organisations put pressure to the government to cease torture in practice. Strong political commitment, anti-torture measures along with addressing root-causes of torture are essential to protect the right to freedom from torture. This article examines the complexity of commitment and practical implementation of the cat in the least developed country of Nepal. The aim of the article is to contribute to reforming the normative framework and to make the government accountable for the prevention of torture.

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