Oral Acute Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Rhizomes from Smilax domingensis Willd. in Cuba

: The aim of the present study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, based on molecular descriptors to predict the oral acute toxicity (LD50) of organophosphate compounds. The QSAR models based on genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) methods were proposed. The prediction experiment showed that the BP-ANN method was a reliable model for screening molecular descriptors, and molecular descriptors obtained by BP-ANN models could well characterize the molecular structure of each compound. It was indicated that among molecular descriptors to predict the LD50 (mgkg-1) of organophosphates, ALOGP2, RDF030u, RDF065p and GATS5m descriptors have more importance than the other descriptors. Also BP-ANN approach with the values of root mean square error (RMSE= 0.00168), square correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9999) and absolute average deviation (AAD=0.6981631) gave the best outcome, and the model predictions were in good agreement with experimental data. The proposed model may be useful for predicting LD50 (mgkg-1) of new compounds of similar class.

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Bioactivity of microencapsulated soursop seeds extract on Plutella xylostella

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 771-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ismael Barros Gomes ◽

Roseane Cristina Predes Trindade ◽

Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana ◽

Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos ◽

Irinaldo Diniz Basílio Júnior

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Spray Dryer ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Ultrapure Water ◽

Arabic Gum ◽

Chronic Effects

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of microencapsulated extract from the soursop seeds, Annona muricata L. ( Annonaceae ), on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostela L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae ). Microencapsulation was performed in a Mini Spray Dryer model B-290 using 50mL of ethanolic and hexanic extracts plus 150mL of ethanol and 150mL of ultrapure water, mixed with aerosil (first polymer) or arabic gum (second polymer). It was possible to microencapsulate the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds only by using the polymer arabic gum at 20%. The microencapsulated extract caused significant acute toxicity (LC50=258mg L-1) and chronic effects, especially reduction of larval viability and increased larval stage. We concluded that the microencapsulation of the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds can be a viable alternative for controlling diamondback moth with possible gains for the environment.

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Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1386 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 430-432 ◽

pp. 1386-1389

Author(s):

Zhuo Jun Chen ◽

Long Long Feng ◽

Bao Liang Li ◽

Jin Jin Yue ◽

Ying Liang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Base Oil ◽

Synthetic Oil ◽

Four Levels ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

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Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

Medical Technology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1201/9781003016700-9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

S.B. Rahimah ◽

Y. Kharisma ◽

M.K. Dewi ◽

J. Hartati ◽

W. Maharani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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In vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Dissotis rotundifolia Extracts and Fractions on Plasmodium falciparum Strains

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i530161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-19

Author(s):

Rock Djehoue ◽

Rafiou Adamou ◽

Abdou Madjid O. Amoussa ◽

Adande A. Medjigbodo ◽

Anatole Laleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Study Laboratory

Aim: Dissotis rotundifolia were selected after an ethnopharmacological survey conducted on plants used traditionally for malaria treatment in South Benin, with the aim of discovering new natural active extracts against malaria parasites. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin)/ Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Regional Institute of Public Health (Benin)/ Laboratoire d’Histologie, de Cytogénétique et d’Embryologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (Benin). The study was conduct from October 2018 to June 2019 in Benin. Methodology: The antiplasmodial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) immunodetection assay. The extract with the best antiplasmodial activity were used on Wistar rats for acute toxicity. Results: Ethanolic extract of Dissotis rotundifolia showed promising activity (Isolate: IC50 = 22.58 ± 1.12 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 6.81 ± 0.85 µg/mL) on Plasmodium falciparum compared to the aqueous extract (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50> 100 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of D. rotundifolia exhibit highly potent activity against P. falciparum strain (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL μg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.72 μg/mL). Haemolytic effect of actives extracts and fractions is less than 5%. Ethanolic extract of D. rotundifolia revealed no obvious acute toxicity in rat up to the highest dose administered (2000 mg/kg). Conclusion: This study justifies traditional uses of D. rotundifolia against malaria. A bioguided fractionation of these extracts would identify molecules responsible for their antiplasmodial activity. Moreover, these results could lead to the design of improved traditional medicines in the basis of this plant.

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Ketoksikan Akut dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.15.1.52-56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽

Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Mice ◽

Animal Test ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Single Dosage ◽

Histopathology Examination ◽

Lung And Kidney

The acute toxicity of Jatropa curcas leaves on Balb/C male mice was studied in rats. This research aimed to determine acute toxicity, evaluate spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves, single dosage orally on 24 hours observation. The research used male mice, which are divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control with CMC-Na. Group II, III, IV, and V were given extract with dose of 1400 mg/kgBW, 2240 mg/kgBW, 3584 mg/kgBW and 5734 mg/kgBW, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination. No mortality was observed during study. The test resulted LD50 of ethanolic extract from J. curcas leaves using Balb/C male mice was 5734 mg/kg of BW. It was categorized as practically not toxic. Administration of the extract did not cause alterations of animal behaviours. Histopathology examination shows inflammation in lung, liver, and kidney after administration of the extract.

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Oral acute toxicity study as well as tissues oxidative stress and histopathological disorders in edible camphor administered rats

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Oluwatobi T. Somade ◽

Kafilat D. Adeniji ◽

Abdul-Rahman A. Adesina ◽

Oluremi J. Olurinde

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

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Acute Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2020/3965376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jobi Xavier ◽

Kshetrimayum Kripasana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

The Brain ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain.

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Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽

Mohammed Bourhia ◽

Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽

Hamza Mechchate ◽

Meryem Slighoua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

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