Evolutionary peculiarities of hematological syndromes and blood diseases from exposure to occupational hazards

The article presents evolutionary changes in occupationally related nonspecific and specific hematologic syndromes, occupational chronic intoxications and blood diseases due to contact with various occupational hazards mostly hematotropic ones, depending on length of service. The presented hematologic characteristics cover specific occupationally related microelement disorders and occupational chronic intoxications during primary diagnosis and in post-contact period. Findings areless occupational chronic chemical intoxications and blood disorders due to hematotropic occupational influences.

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Nanotechnology for blood test to predict the blood diseases/blood disorders

10.1016/b978-0-12-823971-1.00005-2 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 285-311

Author(s):

Setti Sudharsan Meenambiga ◽

Punniavan Sakthiselvan ◽

Sowmya Hari ◽

Devasena Umai

Keyword(s):

Blood Test ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Blood Diseases

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Introduction to a review series on emerging immunotherapies for hematologic diseases

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-04-840793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 131 (24) ◽

pp. 2617-2620 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sophie Paczesny ◽

Steven Z. Pavletic ◽

Catherine M. Bollard

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽

Cancer Vaccines ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Antigen Receptor ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Blood Diseases ◽

Hematologic Diseases ◽

Immune Therapies ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Immune therapies are fast becoming paradigm-changing treatment options for patients with hematologic cancers. The field has grown exponentially as it expands to nonmalignant blood diseases. This Perspective article introduces the review series describing some of the latest advances in this field and highlighting some of the current obstacles and new opportunities for the future. Specifically, the series provides in-depth discussion on a selection of emerging immunotherapies now available to patients for hematologic diseases, including cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and immunotherapies to regulate inflammation in nonmalignant blood disorders.

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Influence of duration and intensity of exposure to occupational hazards on mortality levels of coal miners

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2018-7-16-21 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

G. I. Tikhonova ◽

T. E. Piktushanskaya ◽

T. Yu. Gorchakova ◽

A. N. Churanova ◽

M. S. Bryleva

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Occupational Hazards ◽

Coal Miners ◽

Length Of Service ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Circulatory System Diseases ◽

Relative Risk Of Death

Th e article presents results of analytic epidemiologic study of mortality in coal miners cohort in Rostov region, who had occupational disease registered in various years. The cohort included 9980 males, the observation period was 26 years (01/01/1990–31/12/2015). Deep analysis of mortality with leading death causes in subgroups of coal miners differentiated by length of service in underground conditions. Standardized relative risk of death in the subgroups increased with longer length of service, with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies.The authors studied mortality in subcohorts of the miners with leading and auxiliary occupations, whose work conditions differ in intensity of exposure to occupational hazards. For the workers with leading occupations, standardized relative risk of death with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies was higher.

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Deep veins thrombosis in children with blood diseases

Oncohematology ◽

10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-1-20-30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 20-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. A. Zharkov ◽

D. S. Morozova ◽

D. A. Gobadze ◽

D. A. Evstratov ◽

D. V. Fedorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Blood Diseases ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Thrombotic Complications ◽

Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽

Deep Vein

Background.Children and adolescents undergoing treatment in the hospital for blood diseases are at risk of thrombotic complications. However, to date no major studies of the prevalence of thrombosis in this category of patients have been conducted in Russia.The objective:to determine the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as their distribution by gender and age in children with various blood disorders.Materials and methods.Medical records of 1962 patients, aged from 0 to 17 years, were retrospectively analyzed. All DVT cases were confirmed by visualization methods. The presence of thrombosis clinical signs detected during physical examination, allowed identifying symptomatic DVT.Results.DVT was diagnosed in 429 patients; the symptomatic (n = 110) and asymptomatic (n = 337) DVT were considered as two independent groups with cases of thrombosis. The highest incidence of thrombotic complications was found in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) – 30.77 %, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas – 22.58 %, other malignant blood disorders – 18.75 %, myeloid leukemia – 15.63 %, Hodgkin’s lymphoma – 16.50 %, histiocytosis – 12.5 %, aplastic anemia – 7.94 %, other leukemia – 7.14 %. Symptomatic episodes were more common in patients with lymphomas, especially non-Hodgkin’s, and ALL, while asymptomatic DVT were more common among children with ALL.Conclusion.The DVT prevalence in children with blood disorders exceeds 20 %, most of them are asymptomatic thrombosis, while symptomatic DVT are much less common. Patients receiving treatment for lymphomas and ALL have the highest number of venous thrombotic complications. Further research is needed to address the need for primary thrombotic prophylaxis in children with blood disorders.

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Influence of night shift work on functional state of autonomous nervous system in workers exposed to occupational hazards

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2018-10-54-58 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Yuliya A. Ivashova ◽

Ol’ga Yu. Ustinova ◽

Elena M. Vlasova ◽

Dmitrii M. Shlyapnikov

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Average Length ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Autonomous Nervous System ◽

Occupational Hazards ◽

Work Schedule ◽

Length Of Service ◽

Adaptation Mechanisms ◽

Vegetative Regulation ◽

Night Shifts

Features of work schedule in continuous technologic processes necessitate study of its influence on vegetative functions dynamics, to develop early diagnostic measures and prevention of health disorders. The examination covered 22 males exposed to occupational hazards at work schedule including night shifts; average age 35,3±4,1 years, average length of service 10,2±3,1 years. The reference group included 28 males with analogous occupations and work conditions with work schedule without night shifts; average age 37,9±3.3 years (p>0,05), average length of service 13,2±3,2 years (p>0,05). Clinical evaluation of the autonomous nervous system was performed according to standardized protocol and questionnaire of A.M. Vein. Variability of heart rhythm was assessed with software complex «Poly-Spectr–8/EX» by standard method. Findings are that the workers exposed to occupational hazards and engaged into work schedule with night shifts during 5 years demonstrate the level of vegetative regulation at rest corresponding to the physiologic one; but on exertion there is intense stress of adaptation mechanisms and significant decrease of functional resources. If length of service from 5 to 10 years, the vegetative regulation is characterized by dysbalance of adaptation mechanisms and vegetative dysfunction development; additional exertion cause overstrain sympathetic part with depletion of compensatory mechanisms. If length of service over 10 years, there is excessive involvement of sympathetic influences after orthoclinostatic test — that indicates severe strain of vegetative regulation mechanisms.

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Occupational diseases of peripheral nervous system in Bashkortostan Republic

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-3-155-161 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. M. Karamova ◽

E. R. Shaikhlislamova ◽

A. V. Basharova ◽

N. V. Vlasova

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Occupational Diseases ◽

Health State ◽

Occupational Hazards ◽

Nervous System Diseases ◽

Length Of Service ◽

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Study Results

Introduction. Multiple studies of health state of workers in various economic branches of Russia revealed that peripheral nervous system diseases are among the most prevalent disorders. Th eir prevalence varies from 32.3 to 58 diseases per 100 examined workers, and they occupy usually fi rst place in the morbidity structure. Th ey are leaders among occupational diseases also. Objective. To determine features of occupational morbidity with peripheral nervous system diseases and its structure among workers in various economic branches of Bashkortostan Republic. Materials and methods. Th orough analysis covered occupational morbidity with peripheral nervous system diseases by separate branches, workers who are directly exposed to occupational hazards. Specifi c levels of the morbidity are defi ned by occupations, length of service in each economic branch. Results. Over 100 cases of occupational diseases are annually registered in Bashkortostan Republic. Over a half of them (54%) are diseases of peripheral nervous system. Th eir share among all occupational diseases tends to increase. Th e most prevalent type of peripheral nervous system diseases are radiculopathy (0.29 cases) and vibration disease (0.14 cases per 10,000 workers). Nearly all occupational diseases of peripheral nervous system are diagnosed in machinery building, metallurgic, mining, oil extracting industries, agriculture and building industry. In these economic branches, average of 16.59 cases per 10,000 workers exposed to occupational hazards is assigned to occupational peripheral nervous system diseases. Occupational diseases of peripheral nervous system diagnosed at average length of service of 23,3±3,4 years. Th e study results helped to determine specifi c economic branches associated with peripheral nervous system disorders development. At the highest risk of peripheral nervous system disorders are workers of mining (20,8‰0) and metallurgic (10,6‰0) industries. Conclusions. Peripheral nervous system diseases are the main causes of occupational morbidity, detailed according to specifi c economic branches and occupational groups, should be a basis of particular measures on lower impact of occupational risk factors, on prevention, health preservation, occupational and medical rehabilitation of the diseased.

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BIOMONITORING OF THE CONTENT OF FLUORINE IN WORKERS IN THE MODERN ALUMINUM MANUFACTURE

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1062-1067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 1062-1067

Author(s):

Salim F. Shayakhmetov ◽

A. V. Merinov ◽

L. G. Lisetskaya ◽

N. M. Meshchakova

Keyword(s):

Occupational Disease ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Primary Aluminum ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Aluminum Production ◽

Control Group ◽

Fluoride Ion ◽

Contact Period ◽

Length Of Service ◽

Occupational Risks

Introduction. Workers of modern aluminum plants experience long-term exposure to a complex of toxic chemical compounds, components of which are fluoride compounds. They have a chronic toxic effect on an organism. In this regard, it becomes relevant to conduct biomonitoring studies to assess the level and dynamics of excretion of fluorine in exposed workers of modern aluminum production. Material and methods. A total of 186 workers in primary aluminum production, individuals at increased professional risk (42 people) and 77 patients with established occupational diseases were examined. Results. The average fluoride - ion concentrations in the urine of aluminum production workers ranged from 1.2 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.9 mg/dm3 and were by 1.7-5.1 times higher than in the control group (0.7 ± 0.2 mg/dm3), the highest values were observed in workers of the main occupations of workshops with the technology of prebaked anodes. In workers of the high-risk group, examined in a hospital, content of fluoride ion in the urine increased by 1.1-1.4 timeswith the increase their experience of work in all experience groups (from 1.5 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mg/dm3), with the exception of persons who have worked for 25 years or more (1.5 ± 0.1 mg/dm3). In workers with an established diagnosis of an occupational disease with an increase in the length of the post-exposure period there was observed a decrease in urinary fluoride ion excretion from 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with a time period up to 4 years and to 1.2±0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with 10 years or more. Conclusion. The results of studies argue a high content of fluoride ion in the urine in workers at aluminum smelters and in patients with an established diagnosis of occupational disease, which depends on the technology used, the worker’s occupation, length of service and the length of the post-contact period. This allows recommending the biomonitoring of fluoride compounds to assess occupational risks and the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures.

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Using the Zebrafish as a Genetic Model to Study Erythropoiesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10475

Author(s):

Yuhan Zhang ◽

Mengying Chen ◽

Caiyong Chen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Molecular Processes ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Blood Diseases ◽

Multistep Process

Vertebrates generate mature red blood cells (RBCs) via a highly regulated, multistep process called erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis involves synthesis of heme and hemoglobin, clearance of the nuclei and other organelles, and remodeling of the plasma membrane, and these processes are exquisitely coordinated by specific regulatory factors including transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. Defects in erythropoiesis can lead to blood disorders such as congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, Diamond–Blackfan anemias, sideroblastic anemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, and porphyria. The molecular mechanisms of erythropoiesis are highly conserved between fish and mammals, and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has provided a powerful genetic model for studying erythropoiesis. Studies in zebrafish have yielded important insights into RBC development and established a number of models for human blood diseases. Here, we focus on latest discoveries of the molecular processes and mechanisms regulating zebrafish erythropoiesis and summarize newly established zebrafish models of human anemias.

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