RATIONALE FOR PERSPECTIVE APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF SENSOR LOADS IN HIGHLY QUALIFIED OPERATOR PROFILE SPECIALISTS IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kalinina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Merkulova ◽  
D.V. Glukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Abstract: Introduction. Today, the assessment of sensory loads among operators of the operator profile is incorrect due to the complication of systems and processes with which operators work, as well as a subjective expert assessment of the number of perceived signals. It is necessary to use objective methods for registering this indicator. Purpose of the work: substantiation of the application of the eye-tracking method for assessing the sensory loads of drivers of public land urban transport and pilots of civil aviation. Methods. The study involved 45 public transport drivers and 24 civil aviation pilots. The assessment of sensory loads by the eye-tracking method was carried out. The results obtained were compared with the data obtained in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05. Results. In total, during 1 hour of driving, the driver received 3159 signals, which is 4.5 times more than the number of signals identified by the expert. The density of signals perceived by the pilot was 2262, however, according to the eye-tracker, the indicator is significantly higher - 9848 signals. Conclusions. The proposed approach to assessing visual loads can be applied to various professional groups and will help to objectively assess this indicator, avoiding expert errors.

scholarly journals Development of a Sensory Method to Detect Food-Elicited Emotions Using Emotion-Color Association and Eye-Tracking

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ismael ◽  
Angelika Ploeger
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
New Method ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Color Scale ◽  
Color Association

Studying consumers’ implicit emotions has been always described as a difficult and a complicated mission due to the emotions being of a non-cognitive nature. This research aims to develop a new method based on emotion-color association (ECA) to detect consumer’s implicit food-elicited emotions using an eye-tracker tool. The study was accomplished in two experiments. The first experiment intended to build a new color scale based on the emotion-color association using the eye-tracking method and a self-reported questionnaire (SRQ). The results showed that people tend to express their evoked positive emotions by choosing mostly the light colors, and favor to choose dark colors to reveal their evoked negative emotions. In the second experiment, a sensory evaluation was conducted employing the developed color scale in addition to verbal emotion-based questionnaire (VEQ) to detect the participants’ food-elicited emotions with different samples. The sensory evaluation consisted of taste, smell, and vision tests. The study demonstrated a consistency between the results of the verbal emotion questionnaire and the new color scale method. This consistency may refer to the capability of the developed scale, as a non-intrusive method that obtains prompt responses and avoids deliberate action, to rapidly detect the implicit emotions in a sensory evaluation for a better understanding of the consumer’s behavior.

Do you see what I mean?: Using mobile eye tracking to capture parent–child dynamics in the context of anxiety risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Leigha A. MacNeill ◽  
Xiaoxue Fu ◽  
Kristin A. Buss ◽  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Controlling Parenting ◽  
Attractor Strength ◽  
Child Age ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Abstract Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) is a robust endophenotype for anxiety characterized by increased sensitivity to novelty. Controlling parenting can reinforce children's wariness by rewarding signs of distress. Fine-grained, dynamic measures are needed to better understand both how children perceive their parent's behaviors and the mechanisms supporting evident relations between parenting and socioemotional functioning. The current study examined dyadic attractor patterns (average mean durations) with state space grids, using children's attention patterns (captured via mobile eye tracking) and parental behavior (positive reinforcement, teaching, directives, intrusion), as functions of child BI and parent anxiety. Forty 5- to 7-year-old children and their primary caregivers completed a set of challenging puzzles, during which the child wore a head-mounted eye tracker. Child BI was positively correlated with proportion of parent's time spent teaching. Child age was negatively related, and parent anxiety level was positively related, to parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. There was a significant interaction between parent anxiety level and child age predicting parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. This study is a first step to examining the co-occurrence of parenting behavior and child attention in the context of child BI and parental anxiety levels.

scholarly journals ARETT: Augmented Reality Eye Tracking Toolkit for Head Mounted Displays

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kapp ◽  
Michael Barz ◽  
Sergey Mukhametov ◽  
Daniel Sonntag ◽  
Jochen Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
R Package ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Unity 3D ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Microsoft Hololens

Currently an increasing number of head mounted displays (HMD) for virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are equipped with integrated eye trackers. Use cases of these integrated eye trackers include rendering optimization and gaze-based user interaction. In addition, visual attention in VR and AR is interesting for applied research based on eye tracking in cognitive or educational sciences for example. While some research toolkits for VR already exist, only a few target AR scenarios. In this work, we present an open-source eye tracking toolkit for reliable gaze data acquisition in AR based on Unity 3D and the Microsoft HoloLens 2, as well as an R package for seamless data analysis. Furthermore, we evaluate the spatial accuracy and precision of the integrated eye tracker for fixation targets with different distances and angles to the user (n=21). On average, we found that gaze estimates are reported with an angular accuracy of 0.83 degrees and a precision of 0.27 degrees while the user is resting, which is on par with state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers.

scholarly journals The impact of translation modality on user experience: an eye-tracking study of the Microsoft Word user interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guerberof Arenas ◽  
Joss Moorkens ◽  
Sharon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

AbstractThis paper presents results of the effect of different translation modalities on users when working with the Microsoft Word user interface. An experimental study was set up with 84 Japanese, German, Spanish, and English native speakers working with Microsoft Word in three modalities: the published translated version, a machine translated (MT) version (with unedited MT strings incorporated into the MS Word interface) and the published English version. An eye-tracker measured the cognitive load and usability according to the ISO/TR 16982 guidelines: i.e., effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction followed by retrospective think-aloud protocol. The results show that the users’ effectiveness (number of tasks completed) does not significantly differ due to the translation modality. However, their efficiency (time for task completion) and self-reported satisfaction are significantly higher when working with the released product as opposed to the unedited MT version, especially when participants are less experienced. The eye-tracking results show that users experience a higher cognitive load when working with MT and with the human-translated versions as opposed to the English original. The results suggest that language and translation modality play a significant role in the usability of software products whether users complete the given tasks or not and even if they are unaware that MT was used to translate the interface.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Human–Robot Interaction through Eye Tracking for Artistic Drawing

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Scalera ◽  
Stefano Seriani ◽  
Paolo Gallina ◽  
Mattia Lentini ◽  
Alessandro Gasparetto
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Eye Motion ◽  
Artistic Images

In this paper, authors present a novel architecture for controlling an industrial robot via an eye tracking interface for artistic purposes. Humans and robots interact thanks to an acquisition system based on an eye tracker device that allows the user to control the motion of a robotic manipulator with his gaze. The feasibility of the robotic system is evaluated with experimental tests in which the robot is teleoperated to draw artistic images. The tool can be used by artists to investigate novel forms of art and by amputees or people with movement disorders or muscular paralysis, as an assistive technology for artistic drawing and painting, since, in these cases, eye motion is usually preserved.

The Use of Eye Tracking to Discern the Threshold at Which Metopic Orbitofrontal Deformity Attracts Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1392-1401
Author(s):  
Mark P. Pressler ◽  
Emily L. Geisler ◽  
Rami R. Hallac ◽  
James R. Seaward ◽  
Alex A. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Dwell Time ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Introduction and Objectives: Surgical treatment for trigonocephaly aims to eliminate a stigmatizing deformity, yet the severity that captures unwanted attention is unknown. Surgeons intervene at different points of severity, eliciting controversy. This study used eye tracking to investigate when deformity is perceived. Material and Methods: Three-dimensional photogrammetric images of a normal child and a child with trigonocephaly were mathematically deformed, in 10% increments, to create a spectrum of 11 images. These images were shown to participants using an eye tracker. Participants’ gaze patterns were analyzed, and participants were asked if each image looked “normal” or “abnormal.” Results: Sixty-six graduate students were recruited. Average dwell time toward pathologic areas of interest (AOIs) increased proportionally, from 0.77 ± 0.33 seconds at 0% deformity to 1.08 ± 0.75 seconds at 100% deformity ( P < .0001). A majority of participants did not agree an image looked “abnormal” until 90% deformity from any angle. Conclusion: Eye tracking can be used as a proxy for attention threshold toward orbitofrontal deformity. The amount of attention toward orbitofrontal AOIs increased proportionally with severity. Participants did not generally agree there was “abnormality” until deformity was severe. This study supports the assertion that surgical intervention may be best reserved for more severe deformity.

scholarly journals How to take advantage of tablet computers: Effects of news structure on recall and comprehension

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Leen d’Haenens ◽  
Hans Beentjes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tablet Computers ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Factual Recall

AbstractIn light of the growing use of tablets for news reading and mobile news consumption behaviors, this study examined whether an innovative way of structuring news on the tablet that mimics mobile news behaviors reinforced attention for, and learning from, news. Specifically, it was theorized that the chronological and associative structuring of news articles into so-called developing news stories would lead to more attention for news, and better recall and comprehension of news, than the linear print newspaper structure that newspaper publishers continue to copy from print to tablet. A multiple-day experiment was set up using the eye-tracking method to measure and control for attention. The results show that the developing news structure increased comprehension of news substantively, independently of attention effects; no effects were found on attention and factual recall.

Verificación, mediante biometría de neuromarketing, del patrón de lectura propuesto en una imagen estática

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Juárez Varón ◽  
Maiara Naiahama Cruz-Dantas ◽  
Olga Mykhaylyuk ◽  
Ana Mengual Recuerda
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Tracker

Los patrones normales de movimiento ocular de lectura tienen 3 componentes principales: movimientos sacádicos que mueven los ojos de una palabra a otra, movimientos sacádicos que devuelven los ojos al comienzo de la siguiente línea, y pausas de fijación entre cada movimiento sacádico para el procesamiento de la información. Las propuestas de patrones oculares en imágenes estáticas sirven para corroborar el comportamiento de orden de visualización o lectura. En este trabajo se ha verificado, mediante biometría de neuromarketing, el patrón de respuesta a un estímulo estático, basado en un texto con cambios de tamaño de letra y ubicación, el cual prevé el patrón de fijación de los usuarios. La biometría empleada fue eye tracking, obteniendo datos de visualización, mapas de calor y mapas de fijación que verifican el orden seguido por la mayoría de los usuarios. Con esta técnica pasiva se pretendía obtener los patrones mentales de lectura, estableciendo las áreas de interés previamente, a través de la aplicación informática del eye tracker. El resultado confirma que el patrón de lectura no se corresponde a las indicaciones del texto en la imagen estática, descartando la propuesta del estímulo y descubriendo que el ojo lee en un determinado orden, según la cultura de aprendizaje.

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