Parasuicide: Interaction between Inadequate Parenting and Recent Interpersonal Stress

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Silove ◽  
Grahame George ◽  
Vadali Bhavani-Sankaram
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Family Adversity ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
The Face ◽  
Overprotective Parenting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
And Control

We report a controlled study in which we searched for links between early family adversity and recent interpersonal stress in parasuicidal patients. Our subjects reported fewer adverse experiences in childhood than did the younger, predominantly female, patients investigated in previous studies. Nevertheless, 47% of our parasuicidal group, as compared to 19% of control subjects, reported a sequential pattern of relationship difficulties starting in childhood. The pattern of early exposure to neglectful and overprotective parenting followed by recent conflict or separations in adulthood was found to discriminate most clearly between the parasuicidal and control groups. We suggest that factors such as low self-esteem, a sense of helplessness in the face of adversity and an abiding insecurity in intimate relationships may variously account for this heightened vulnerability. We conclude that a history of adverse relationships beginning in childhood should alert primary care-givers to the risk of suicidal behaviour in patients who are exposed to distressing separations or interpersonal conflict.

scholarly journals end of all taxation and censorship using blockchain technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 604-610
Author(s):  
Tanmay Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flow Of Information

Large scale censorship and control over the free flow of information on the internet that was already implemented on a large scale in many authoritarian countries in China in the past few decades has started to work its way through the more liberal and western countries including India, US etc. especially in the last decade raising concerns over privacy issues and the possibility of a dystopian future of tyrannical governments empowered by the use of digital surveillance technology to increase their power and make them essentially undefeatable on a level unforeseen in the history of humanity among many great thinkers in our era. In this paper, we wish to outline a method to not only combat but to completely eliminate both the possibility and current usage of all censorship and control over flow of information on the internet, hence heralding an era of free flow of information throughout the world and destroying practically all mind control that tyrannical governments can hold over their people, in essence ending the era of propaganda and tyranny from the face of this earth forever, using blockchain technology.

Coercion and Control in Nyasaland: Aspects of the History of a Colonial Police Force

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Colonial Police ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
And Control

This article examines the changing function of the Nyasaland police force between the 1890s and 1962. Initially, the police consisted of small groups of armed ex-soldiers, totally untrained in conventional police duties and employed by district officers in pressing labour and enforcing the payment of hut tax. In 1920, however, the authorities responded to the threat seemingly posed by the emergence of ‘dangerous classes’ – particularly labour migrants returned from the south – by forming a trained, centralized force, commanded in the Shire Highlands, though not elsewhere, by European police-officers. In the reorganized districts the police succeeded in protecting urban property. But so limited was the size of the force that the prevention and detection of crime was hardly attempted over the greater part of the country, while campaigns such as that against the Mchape witchcraft eradication movement foundered in the face of popular opposition.Substantial changes began in the mid-1940s in response to urbanization and the increasing complexity of police duties, coming to a climax in the 1950s as the colonial government struggled to maintain authority. At first the emphasis was on raising educational standards and improving conditions of service. But following the crisis of 1953, it switched to expanding police numbers and increasing the coercive power of the force; this process was accelerated in the aftermath of the 1959 emergency.Recruitment policies were influenced by the technical requirements of the authorities and by the ethnic stereotypes they evolved – a combination which resulted in the recruitment of a disproportionate number of Yao policemen in the first few decades and of more Lomwe and Chewa later. Policemen were attracted less by the rates of pay than by the privileges on offer. An inner corps of policemen spent their lives upholding colonial authority, but most could not be placed in a distinctive category of ‘collaborator’.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Young and Middle-Aged Adults: Results from a Community-Based Survey in Rural Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alfa J. Muhihi ◽  
Amani Anaeli ◽  
Rose N. M. Mpembeni ◽  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Germana Leyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
And Control

Background. Hypertension, which is the single most important risk factor for CVDs, is increasing at an alarming rate in most developing countries. This study estimated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among young and middle-aged adults in rural Morogoro, Tanzania. Furthermore, it explored factors associated with both prevalence and awareness of hypertension. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted as part of the cluster randomized controlled study of community health workers (CHWs) interventions for reduction of blood pressure in a randomly selected sample of young and middle-aged population in rural Morogoro. Sociodemographics, lifestyle-related factors, history of diagnosis, and treatment for hypertension were collected using a questionnaire adopted from the STEPS survey tool. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured at home following standard procedures. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess determinants of hypertension and awareness. Result. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.3% (95% CI: 27.7–31.0). Among individuals with hypertension, only 34.3% were aware of their hypertension status. Only around one-third (35.4%) of those who were aware of their hypertension status were currently on antihypertensive medication. Hypertension control was attained in only 29.9% among those on medications. Older age (p<0.001), use of raw table salt (p<0.001), and being overweight/obese (p<0.001) were associated with hypertension. Predictors of awareness of hypertension status were older age, being a female, higher socioeconomic status, use of raw table salt, a history of diabetes, and overweight/obesity (all p<0.001). Alcohol drinking was associated with low awareness for hypertension status (p<0.001). Conclusion. There is high prevalence of hypertension with low rates of awareness, treatment, and control among young and middle-aged adults in rural Tanzania. Community-level health promotion and screening campaigns for hypertension and other CVD risk factors should be intensified.

KHAT IN COLONIAL KENYA: A HISTORY OF PROHIBITION AND CONTROL

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ANDERSON ◽  
NEIL CARRIER
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Vulnerable Community ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTEfforts to institute a system for the control and prohibition of khat in Kenya are examined in this article. Prohibition was introduced in the 1940s after an advocacy campaign led by prominent colonial officials. The legislation imposed a racialized view of the effect of khat, seeking to protect an allegedly ‘vulnerable’ community in the north of the country while allowing khat to be consumed and traded in other areas, including Meru where ‘traditional’ production and consumption was permitted. Colonial policy took little account of African opinion, although African agency was evident in the failure and ultimate collapse of the prohibition in the face of widespread smuggling and general infringement. Trade in khat became ever more lucrative, and in the final years of colonial rule economic arguments overcame the prohibition lobby. The imposition of prohibition and control indicates the extent to which colonial attitudes towards and beliefs about cultural behaviour among Africans shaped policies, but the story also illustrates the fundamental weakness of the colonial state in its failure to uphold the legislation.

scholarly journals Auto-essentialization: Gender in automated facial analysis as extended colonial project

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110537
Author(s):  
Morgan Klaus Scheuerman ◽  
Madeleine Pape ◽  
Alex Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gender Classification ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Face ◽  
White Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Scholars are increasingly concerned about social biases in facial analysis systems, particularly with regard to the tangible consequences of misidentification of marginalized groups. However, few have examined how automated facial analysis technologies intersect with the historical genealogy of racialized gender—the gender binary and its classification as a highly racialized tool of colonial power and control. In this paper, we introduce the concept of auto-essentialization: the use of automated technologies to re-inscribe the essential notions of difference that were established under colonial rule. We consider how the face has emerged as a legitimate site of gender classification, despite being historically tied to projects of racial domination. We examine the history of gendering the face and body, from colonial projects aimed at disciplining bodies which do not fit within the European gender binary, to sexology's role in normalizing that binary, to physiognomic practices that ascribed notions of inferiority to non-European groups and women. We argue that the contemporary auto-essentialization of gender via the face is both racialized and trans-exclusive: it asserts a fixed gender binary and it elevates the white face as the ultimate model of gender difference. We demonstrate that imperialist ideologies are reflected in modern automated facial analysis tools in computer vision through two case studies: (1) commercial gender classification and (2) the security of both small-scale (women-only online platforms) and large-scale (national borders) spaces. Thus, we posit a rethinking of ethical attention to these systems: not as immature and novel, but as mature instantiations of much older technologies.

scholarly journals IATROSACEA FOLLOWING ABUSE OF TOPICAL STEROIDS AS A FACE-WHITENING CREAM IN MOSUL CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Deena Al-Samman ◽  
Mohammed Attar Bashi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Facial Erythema ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To highlight the knowledge, frequency, types, and the clinical aspects of overusing TCs on the face as well as the motivation for such practice, with the aim of rising the public awareness in Mosul City. Methods: This prospective observational study included 180 patients aged 13-53 years, with steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea "Iatrosacea" with history of using TCs on face > 1 month, were evaluated at Al-Qudis Health Center for Family Medicine. Patients contradicted using TCs, or with classical rosacea were excluded. Results: The majority were females (90%). Duration was 2 months to 7 years. The motives were fairness (55%) and melasma (19%). The commonly abused drug was Betamethasone Valerate (35%). The reported side effects were facial erythema (84%), telangiectasia (79%), rebound phenomenon (66%), rosacea (56%), and acne (42%). The exacerbation on stopping TCs (63%) and skin lightening (37%) were the main reasons behind continued use; 59% were unaware about side effects of TCs; 42% obtained the products from cosmetic shop/Beautician and 27% from nurse clinic. In spite of observable side effects, 74% of abusers didn't feel guilty for applying them for protracted periods. Conclusion: Inappropriate use of TCs for cosmetic purposes is still commonly encountered in our environment, with believe TCs will correct any facial imperfection. As fair skin is correlated with beauty and social privilege, both genders of different ages, social, and educational status are indulged in this practice that exposed them to medical and social problems. It is a multiphase issue necessitates collaboration of different sectors to raise public awareness and control their easy availability to overcome this dilemma.

Maternal Alcohol Use and Infant Development

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-934
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Golden ◽  
Robert J. Sokol ◽  
Betty R. Kuhnert ◽  
Sidney Bottoms
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Maternal Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Effects

A prospective controlled study of the effect of fetal alcohol on infant development was performed. Twelve infants were identified as possibly having fetal alcohol effects based on the maternal history of alcohol abuse and the neonatal physical examination. Physical characteristics, growth, and development of these infants were compared with those of 12 control infants at birth and at a mean age of 12 months; control infants were matched for gestational age, sex, and race. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistics and analysis of differences between matched pairs of study and control infants. The results showed a significant correlation between the history of heavy antenatal maternal alcohol use and delayed mental and motor development, physical abnormalities, and growth retardation in the infants. This study suggests that infants with fetal alcohol effects can be correctly classified at birth and their outcome accurately predicted.

scholarly journals Candida albicans and Napkin Dermatitis: Relationship and Lesion Severity Correlation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Amani Hussein Karsani ◽  
Abdullateef A. Alzolibani ◽  
Yasser Farouq ◽  
Khalid Zedan ◽  
Mohammed Mohsen Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diaper Dermatitis ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lesion Severity

Introduction: Napkin Dermatitis (ND) is a common problem in infancy that affects almost every child during the early months and years of their lifetime. It is a skin disease that becomes a challenge for both parents and physicians because of its frequency and difficulty in eliminating all of the causative factors in diapered infants. Usually Napkin dermatitis is self-limiting but when associated with Candida albicans (C. albicans) seems to be moderate to severe.Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the colonization of C. albicans in children with Napkin dermatitis and to correlate between intensity of C. albicans colonization and the severity of napkin rash.Patients and Methods: This case-controlled study was conducted at Qassim University pediatric outpatient clinics, during the period from August 2014 to July 2015. Sixty patients with diaper dermatitis and 33 healthy controls were enrolled to this study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from the parents of each participant using questionnaires Paired (stool and skin) samples were collected from all cases and healthy control children. The samples were cultured on differential and selective chromogenic medium for isolation and initial identification of candida species. Identification confirmation of the isolates was determined by the Vitek 2 compact automated system.Results: Diaper dermatitis shows significant outcome to washing diaper area (per day) (P=0.001), History of diarrhea last 7 Days (P˂0.001), skin lab results (+/-) for Candida albicans, (P˂0.001), skin colony count, (P˂0.001), However, there is no correlation to age (P=0.828), gender (P=0.368) and feeding style (P=0.401).Conclusion: The severity score of napkin dermatitis was significantly observed among cases with diaper dermatitis (p-value<0.001) and control children (p-value<0.001) respectively.Keywords: Candida albicans; Napkin dermatitis; Diaper dermatitis; Vitek 2 compact system; Qassim.

Luxury Communist Jesus

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic

This article begins by outlining contemporary anti-work politics, which form the basis of Sandford’s reading. After providing a brief history of anti-work politics, Sandford examines recent scholarly treatments of Jesus’ relationship to work. An examination of a number of texts across the gospel traditions leads Sandford to argue that Jesus can be read as a ‘luxury communist’ whose behaviour flies in the face of the Protestant work ethic. Ultimately, Sandford foregrounds those texts in which Jesus discourages his followers from working, and undermines work as an ‘end in itself’, contextualising these statements in relation to other gospel texts about asceticism and the redistribution of wealth.

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