Systematic reviews of evidence in medical education and clinical medicine: Is the nature of evidence similar?

In light of the historical circumstances surrounding Anton Chekhov's early writing career and his own statements about the importance of medicine to it, there is surprisingly little scholarship on how medicine shaped his prose. What ideas was he introduced to in medical school and how did he apply them? Which of these drew his attention as he strove to articulate a new artistic vision? How did Chekhov draw on his experience with medicine to experiment with new themes and forms in his literary writing? This article addresses these questions by focusing on the aspects of medicine that had the most discernable influence on Chekhov as he developed his literary writing: hygiene, clinical medicine, and psychiatry. It argues that Chekhov engaged with core issues of medicine not only as a medical student who wrote case histories of his patients, but also as a groundbreaking writer. As he transcodes insights from the clinic into his prose, he creates a new conception of details that disclose relationships between settings and characters and an environmental psychology emerges across his medical writing and fiction. His stories envision relationships between physical and mental life with such originality that he becomes a new literary force not long after completing his medical education.

Download Full-text

The rationale behind systematic reviews in clinical medicine: a conceptual framework

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-021-00773-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamideh Moosapour ◽

Farzane Saeidifard ◽

Maryam Aalaa ◽

Akbar Soltani ◽

Bagher Larijani

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Clinical Medicine

Download Full-text

A new PhD training track: a proposal to improve basic science teaching.

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advances.1997.272.6.s36 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (6) ◽

pp. S36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J J Smith ◽

S M Koethe ◽

H V Forster

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Training Program ◽

Science Teaching ◽

Basic Science ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Limited Commitment ◽

Integrative Physiology ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Future ◽

Medical Basic Science

There has been increasing criticism of medical basic science teaching; much of this has focused on overcrowding of the curriculum, inadequate application to clinical medicine, and the limited commitment of the faculty to teach. We have analyzed some of the factors that may contribute to these complaints, such as the fragmentation of physiology and the conflicting roles of the medical basic scientist. We have also reviewed some previous suggestions for improving basic science teaching. We suggest that a basic scientist with a background of integrative physiology, pharmacology, anatomy, and pathology, with a special emphasis on pathophysiology, would be well qualified to assume an important role in the medical education of the future. Because there is at present no established training program of this type, we have proposed a PhD training track with this objective and have listed some of the advantages and disadvantages of such a program.

Download Full-text

A plea for extension of the anatomical nomenclature: Vessels

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2020.5256 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Kachlik ◽

Vladimir Musil ◽

Alzbeta Blankova ◽

Zuzana Marvanova ◽

Jakub Miletin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Human Body ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Anatomical Terminology ◽

Anatomical Nomenclature ◽

Terminologia Anatomica ◽

Medical Mistakes

This article is the fourth and last part of a series aimed at extending and correcting the anatomical nomenclature. Because of the rapid development of internet and the use of electronic formats in communication in anatomy, embryology, histology, medical education and clinical medicine, an appropriate, precise and concise anatomical nomenclature is required. Such tool enables to avoid any potential confusion and possible scientific/medical mistakes. The up-to-date official anatomical terminology, Terminologia Anatomica, is available longer than 20 years and needs to be refined and extended. The authors have collected and listed 210 terms and completed them with definitions and/or explanations. We aimed to start a discussion about their potential incorporation into the new revised version of the Terminologia Anatomica. This article is primarily focused on the vessels of the human body (arteries, veins and lymphatic system).

Download Full-text

Evidence-to-decision frameworks: a review and analysis to inform decision-making for environmental health interventions

10.1101/2021.05.04.21256541 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susan L Norris ◽

Max T Aung ◽

Nicholas Chartres ◽

Tracey Woodruff

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Decision Making ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

The Body ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Starting Point ◽

Health Objectives

Background Evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structured and transparent approach for groups of experts to use when formulating recommendations or making decisions. While extensively used for clinical and public health recommendations, EtD frameworks are not in widespread use in environmental health. Objectives This review sought to identify, compare and contrast key EtD frameworks for decisions or recommendations on interventions used in clinical medicine, public health or environmental health. Our goal was to identify best practices and guidance which will be used to inform the development of an EtD framework for formulating recommendations regarding interventions to prevent or mitigate the harmful effects of exposure to substances in the environment. Methods We identified a convenience sample of EtD frameworks used by a range of organizations. We searched Medline for systematic reviews of EtD frameworks used in clinical medicine, and public or environmental health. In a qualitative manner, we summarized the decision criteria in the selected frameworks and in the reviews. Results Fourteen key organizations provided 18 EtD frameworks; most frameworks focused on clinical medicine or public health interventions; four focused on environmental health and three on economic considerations. Only one framework was based on an underlying conceptual model, and rarely was a systematic review of potential criteria performed during the frameworks development. GRADE encompasses a set of closely related frameworks for different types of decisions. Harms of interventions were examined in all frameworks and benefits in all but one. Other criteria included certainty of the body of evidence (15 frameworks), resource considerations (15), feasibility (13), equity (12), values (11), acceptability (11), and human rights (2). There was variation in how specific criteria were defined. The five identified systematic reviews reported a similar spectrum of EtD criteria. Discussion The EtD frameworks examined encompassed similar criteria, with tailoring to specific audience needs. However, there is variation in development processes, terminology, level of detail provided and presentation of the criteria. Existing frameworks are a useful starting point for development of one tailored to decision-making in environmental health.

Download Full-text

Discussion on the Influence and Enlightenment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Medical Students in China (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19479 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hong Wan ◽

Yujie Tu ◽

Yu Fu ◽

Zhao Yan ◽

Yalin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Medical Student ◽

Medical Students ◽

Education Reform ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Virus Disease ◽

First Line ◽

Medical Education Reform ◽

The Future ◽

New Ideas

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19 spread in Wuhan in January 2020 and the whole country worked together to fight the epidemic. Up to now, more than 80,000 people have been diagnosed, and more than 40,000 medical staffs have assisted first-line rescue in Wuhan. As a reserve force for clinical medicine, medical students bear the heavy responsibility of future medical development. The author, as a medical student, has considered carefully about facing the present and looking forward to the future after this epidemic. The author mainly discusses about the influence of COVID-19 on medical students and its enlightenment on medical students and medical education reform in this paper, and hopes to resonate with medical students and provide some new ideas for future medical education reform.

Download Full-text

Introduction

Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198814153.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Michael L. Power ◽

Jay Schulkin

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Daily Activity ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Evolutionary Medicine ◽

Evolutionary Perspective ◽

Evolutionary Thought ◽

Physician Scientist ◽

Medicine Today ◽

Physician Scientists

Evolutionary medicine is an integrative discipline, combining the fields of evolutionary biology, experimental research, and clinical medicine. Contributors to the field of evolutionary medicine today come from many schools of study. Anthropologists, biologists, physiologists, and ecologists work alongside historians of science and physician scientists, all of whom are represented in the present volume. A full integration of evolutionary thought into the education of medical students and seasoned physicians has been voiced by most of the field’s contributors. Incorporating an evolutionary perspective into medicine will most likely not change the daily activity of physicians, but it will help guide the thinking and types of questions a physician-scientist should ask, by adding an evolutionary dimension. Our aim for this volume is to support medical education that teaches evolutionary medicine as a seamless component of medical practice, rather than be considered a separate school of thought.

Download Full-text

Adaptation of the Roseman 6-Point Mastery Learning Model to the College of Medicine Program

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development ◽

10.1177/2382120518803111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 238212051880311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jack Lazerson ◽

Judith Rosenthal ◽

Carolyn Glaubensklee ◽

Thomas Hunt ◽

Bruce Morgenstern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Mastery Learning ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Health Care Education ◽

Basic Sciences ◽

Outcome Based Education ◽

Key Points ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

Over Time

Medical education has evolved over time toward a model which integrates clinical medicine with the basic sciences. More recently, medical education has put an emphasis on outcome-based education. Other areas of health care education have had a similar emphasis which can provide models to inform a new model for medical education. The Roseman University of Health Sciences has developed and implemented a model based on underlying tenets of mastery learning since 1999. The model has been implemented in pharmacy, nursing, and dental education. It was conceived as an integration of 6 key points which reinforce each other and interrelate to support learning. The model has been modified for application to medical education in support of medical education’s outcome-based emphasis and to address the educational demands of the changing environment of the practice of medicine.

Download Full-text