A small group aerobic exercise programme that reduces body weight is feasible in adults with severe chronic schizophrenia: a pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Dodd ◽  
Sean Duffy ◽  
Jan A. Stewart ◽  
Jennifer Impey ◽  
Nicholas Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Exercise Programme

Glycyrrhizic acid: the assessment of a no effect level

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E M van Gelderen ◽  
J A Bijlsma ◽  
W van Dokkum ◽  
T J F Savelkoull
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Effect Level

Because from earlier experiments in rats and a pilot study in humans a no effect level of glycyrrhizic acid could not be established, a second experiment was performed in healthy volunteers. The experiment was performed in females only, because the effects were most marked in females in the pilot study. Doses of 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg glycyrrhizic acid/kg body weight were administered orally for 8 weeks to 39 healthy female volunteers aged 19-40 years. The experimentlasted 12 weeks including an adaptation and a “wash-out” period.Ano-effectlevel of2 mg/kgis proposed from the results ofthis study, from which an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight can be extrapolated with a safety factor of 10. This means consumption of 12 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. This would be equal to 6 g licorice a day, assuming that licorice contains 0.2% of glycyrrhizic acid. The proposed ADI is below the limit advised by the Dutch Nutrition Council of 200 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day. This reflects the relatively mild acute toxicity of glycyrrhizic acid, which is also emphasised by the “generally recognised as safe” (GRAS) status of glycyrrhizic acid in the USA in 1983. However, the long-term effects of a mild chronic intoxication (causing, for example, a mild hypertension), although not immediately lethal, justify special attention to the amount of glycyrrhizic acid used daily.

Effect of blood volume change related to intensity of intradialytic aerobic exercise on hemodialysis adequacy: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Usui ◽  
Akimi Uehata ◽  
Junichiro Nakata ◽  
Akihito Inatsu ◽  
Atsuhiro Tsubaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Change

Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in Nigeria: A protocol for randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Nweke ◽  
Nombeko Mshunqane ◽  
Nalini Govender ◽  
Aderonke Akineplu ◽  
Adesola Oginniyi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

BACKGROUND The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a drastic fall in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. However, less severe but limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) continues to be prevalent even with the use of ART. Aerobic exercise, a behavioural intervention may be a beneficial and effective complement to ART in the management of HAND. In HIV-negative individuals, aerobic exercise mitigates pathogenic changes similar to those of HAND. OBJECTIVE This protocol describes a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria. METHODS A minimum of seventy-six patients diagnosed with HAND will be randomized into aerobic exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise will be carried out on a stationary bicycle ergometer at moderate intensity, three times a week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes are neurocognitive performance, CD4-count and viral load. Evaluation of post-exercise neurocognitive performance will be undertaken using reliable neuropsychological tests relevant to PLWHIV, in line with Frascati criteria. Secondary outcomes such as quality of life, and activity limitation and social participation will be assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref, and the Oxford Participation and Activities questionnaire respectively. Data will be subjected to exploratory statistics to test for normality and homogeneity. The effect of the exercise programme on HAND will be analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni’s correction. Within-group comparison will be undertaken using paired sampled t-test. RESULTS Enrollment began on 18th January 2021. Recruitment has been completed. The trial is ongoing and will be completed in July 2021 CONCLUSIONS The study will provide valuable information about the effect of aerobic exercise on HAND thus verifying the suitability of aerobic exercise as a complementary therapy for mitigating neurocognitive disorder among PLWHIV. Data from the study will be useful in pursuit of debate on the necessity of a sponsored rehabilitation arm in ART clinics. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR) on the 1stth September 2020. The registration ID is PACTR202009483415745.

High-intensity interval exercise improves cognitive performance and reduces matrix metalloproteinases-2 serum levels in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Alexander Schenk ◽  
Max Oberste ◽  
Stefan Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Impact

Background: Aerobic exercise can improve cognitive performance in healthy elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 3-week high-intensity aerobic exercise programme (high-intensity training group (HIT)) on cognitive performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with a standard exercise programme (control training (CT)). Methods: A total of 60 persons with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 1.0–6.5) were randomized to a HIT group (3×/week for 20 minutes, including five 3-minute exercise intervals at 80% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2-peak)) or a CT group (continuously 5×/week for 30 minutes/session at 65% of VO2-peak). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS at entry ( t0) and discharge ( t1). Furthermore, VO2-peak, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured. Results: Compared to CT, HIT significantly improved verbal memory. Significant improvements over time in executive functions were found in both groups. Secondary outcomes indicated significant improvements in VO2-peak and a significant reduction in MMP-2 in the HIT group only. Conclusion: HIT represents a promising strategy to improve verbal memory and physical fitness in persons with MS. Further research is needed to determine the impact of exercise on biomarkers in MS.

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