The prevalence, predictors and associations of hypertension in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional population based national survey

Objectives (1) Characterize the US population aged ≥65 years with self-reported voice problems, (2) describe voice treatment characteristics in this group, and (3) identify factors associated with self-reported voice improvement. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Population-based cross-sectional US national survey sample. Subjects and Methods We identified a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, a population-based US national survey. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results The prevalence of self-reported voice problems in this cohort was 10%. Of those, 44% reported voice problems for >1 month. The strongest predictor of reporting voice improvement was receipt of voice treatment (odds ratio, 3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-9.00), after adjusting for sex, age, race, education, and health status. Eleven percent reported voice treatment, which included 20% of those with moderate or worse voice problem severity. Female sex and worse health status were associated with reporting voice treatment. Among those with voice treatment, 38% reported “better,” 33% “same,” and 29% “worse” voice symptoms over the past year, compared to 17%, 67%, and 16%, respectively, among those without treatment. Health status influenced likelihood of reporting voice improvement but not universally. Conclusions We observed a significant self-reported burden of voice problems in the US population aged ≥65 years. Most are untreated and thus not well represented in the current literature. Vocal improvement was strongly associated with treatment. Further investigation is needed to clarify patient and treatment characteristics most associated with vocal improvement.

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Vitamin D status in Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and Norway

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507844138 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 941-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Haakon E. Meyer ◽

Kristin Holvik ◽

Cathrine M. Lofthus ◽

Sampath U. B. Tennakoon

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Northern Latitudes

Vitamin D deficiency is common in non-Western immigrant groups living in Western countries. A comparison of vitamin D status in individuals who have emigrated and individuals who remain in their country of origin is needed in order to provide information about the effect of moving to northern latitudes. A total of 196 participants aged 30–60 years in a cross-sectional population-based study in Kandy, Sri Lanka (latitude 7° north) and 242 Sri Lankans aged 31–60 years participating in a cross-sectional population-based study in Oslo, Norway (latitude 60° north) were included in the analysis. All serum samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) in the same laboratory. Sri Lankans living in Norway had substantially lower s-25(OH)D (mean 31·5 nmol/l) compared with those living in Sri Lanka (mean 54·2 nmol/l), and the prevalence of s-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l was 9·3 times higher (95 % CI 4·4, 19·6) in Norway compared with Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka there was a clear seasonal variation with the lowest s-25(OH)D levels in August–September and the highest levels in November–December. We conclude that vitamin D status among Sri Lankans living in Kandy, Sri Lanka was considerably higher than that among Sri Lankans living in Oslo, Norway. The low vitamin D status commonly observed in non-Western immigrant groups living at northern latitudes should not be regarded as normal levels for these groups. However, also in Sri Lanka we found a profound seasonal variation with the lowest levels in August and September after the Monsoon.

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National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM): household survey component methods

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽

Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽

Alexandra Crispim Boing ◽

Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽

Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rational Use ◽

Rational Use Of Medicines ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe methodological aspects of the household survey National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM) related to sampling design and implementation, the actual obtained sample, instruments and fieldwork. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study with probability sampling in three stages of the population living in households located in Brazilian urban areas. Fieldwork was carried out between September 2013 and February 2014. The data collection instrument included questions related to: information about households, residents and respondents; chronic diseases and medicines used; use of health services; acute diseases and events treated with drugs; use of contraceptives; use of pharmacy services; behaviors that may affect drug use; package inserts and packaging; lifestyle and health insurance. RESULTS In total, 41,433 interviews were carried out in 20,404 households and 576 urban clusters corresponding to 586 census tracts distributed in the five Brazilian regions, according to eight domains defined by age and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey may be used as a baseline for future studies aiming to assess the impact of government action on drug access and use. For local studies using a compatible method, PNAUM may serve as a reference point to evaluate variations in space and population. With a comprehensive evaluation of drug-related aspects, PNAUM is a major source of data for a variety of analyses to be carried out both at academic and government level.

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Age, sex and ethnic differentials in the prevalence and control of epilepsy among Sri Lankan children: a population-based study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000430 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jithangi Wanigasinghe ◽

Carukshi Arambepola ◽

Roshini Murugupillai ◽

Thashi Chang

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Focal Epilepsy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Epilepsy Syndrome ◽

Childhood Epilepsy ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Sri Lanka by different age groups (0–5, 6–10 and 11–16 years), sex and ethnicity, and to describe the types and outcomes of epilepsy.Design and patientsA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district considered to be ethnically most balanced in Sri Lanka. A door-to-door survey was performed in the 0–5 year age group (60 geographically defined areas as clusters; 19 children per cluster), and a school-based survey in the 6–16 year age group (150 classes as clusters; 25 children per cluster). The screened children with epilepsy were reviewed individually for confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy, typing of the underlying epilepsy syndrome and assessment of control. The same group of children were re-evaluated 1 year later to reconfirm the syndromic diagnosis and to assess the stability of control of epilepsy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of childhood epilepsy was 5.7 per 10 000 children aged 0–16 years (95% CI: 38 to 87). It was higher with younger ages (73.4 per 10 000 children aged 0–5 years; 55.1 per 10 000 children aged 6–10 years and 50.4 per 10 000 children aged 11–16 years). A male dominance was noted in both age groups. In each age group, the prevalence was highest in children of Sinhalese ethnicity. Symptomatic focal epilepsy was the single most common group of epilepsy in both age groups. Majority of children remained well controlled on medications.ConclusionThe findings indicate a relatively high burden of epilepsy among children in Sri Lanka, however, these were comparable to the burden of disease reported from other countries in the region.

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The prevalence of physical activity and its socioeconomic correlates in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional population-based national survey

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.11.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abdulmohsen H. Al-Zalabani ◽

Nasser A. Al-Hamdan ◽

Abdalla A. Saeed

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

National Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional

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Epidemiology and symptomatology of depression in Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional population-based survey in Colombo District

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2009.08.014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 123 (1-3) ◽

pp. 188-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Harriet A. Ball ◽

Sisira H. Siribaddana ◽

Yulia Kovas ◽

Nick Glozier ◽

Peter McGuffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Survey

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Current status and etiology of valvular heart disease in China: a population-based survey

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02154-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Yang ◽

Zengwu Wang ◽

Zuo Chen ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Linfeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

National Survey ◽

Valvular Heart Disease ◽

Final Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Current Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weighted Prevalence ◽

Rheumatic Heart

Abstract Background The epidemiology of valvular heart disease (VHD) has changed markedly over the last 50 years worldwide, and the prevalence and features of VHD in China are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the current status and etiology of VHD in China. Methods We used a cross-sectional national survey with stratified multistage random sampling from the general Chinese population to estimate the VHD burden. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and potential etiology were collected. Echocardiography was used to detect VHD. Results The national survey enrolled 34,994 people aged 35 years or older across China. Overall, 31,499 people were included in the final analysis, and 1309 participants were diagnosed with VHD. The weighted prevalence was 3.8%, with an estimated 25 million patients in China. The prevalence of VHD increased with age and was higher in participants with hypertension or chronic kidney disease than in their counterparts. Among participants with VHD, 55.1% were rheumatic and 21.3% were degenerative. The proportion of rheumatic decreased with age, and the proportion of degenerative rose with age. However, the prevalence of rheumatic disease was still higher in the elderly population than in the younger population. Logistic regression revealed that age and hypertension were correlated with VHD. Conclusions In China, rheumatic heart disease was still the major cause of the VHD, with a significant increase in degenerative heart disease. Age and hypertension are important and easily identifiable markers of VHD.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice on antibiotic use and resistance among the Italian population, 2019

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

C Vaccaro ◽

F Fortunato ◽

S Iannazzo ◽

F Furiozzi ◽

D Martinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

National Survey ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Italian Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Almost All

Abstract Background Public knowledge, awareness and behaviors related to antibiotic use and antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) are vital to ensure the prudent use of these drugs. In this work, we present the top-line results of the first national survey of AMR among the Italian general population aged ≥18 years. Methods From August to September 2019, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional random survey through mixed CATI/CAMI/CAWI methodologies among representative samples of the general population, parents of children aged 0-11 years, adults ≥65 years and pet's owners. Results were summarized using relative frequencies. Results Of 1,400 persons interviewed, 47% and 68% respectively correctly said that it is false that antibiotics kill viruses and are effective at treating colds and flu. More than 80% of respondents considered themselves to be well-informed about antibiotics but only one in two people knew what is meant by AMR. While the vast majority (96%) of respondents said that they obtained the last course of antibiotics that they used from a medical prescription, 11% incorrectly said that they stopped taking antibiotics when they felt better or that they used those left over from a previous course. In addition, 55% of pet's owners said they obtained antibiotics without a prescription from a pharmacy or elsewhere. Almost all respondents (97%) believed that it's everyone's responsibility to use antibiotics wisely, with the 80% who expressed concerns about the potential of AMR to affect themselves and their families; however, 40% did not think that action at an individual level is the most effective way of tackling resistance to antibiotics. Conclusions Our findings show some improvement in Italians' knowledge, awareness and behaviors related to antibiotic use and AMR but there are needs to be a greater sense of responsibility to take charge of the AMR problem. These results may be drivers of structured national awareness campaigns. Key messages In 2019, we conducted the first national survey of AMR among the Italian population: >80% of respondents felt themselves well-informed about antibiotics but only 1/2 people knew what is meant by AMR. Almost all Italian sample believed that it's everyone's responsibility to use antibiotics wisely, but 40% did not think that action at an individual level is effective to tackle AMR.

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Misuse of Tramadol in the United States: An Analysis of the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2002-2017

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178221820930006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117822182093000

Author(s):

Scott A Reines ◽

Bonnie Goldmann ◽

Mark Harnett ◽

Lucy Lu

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

National Survey ◽

Household Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Related ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The U.S ◽

Intravenous Formulation

Objective: To analyze the rates of misuse - that is, use in any way not directed by a doctor - of products containing oral tramadol, a Schedule IV opioid, from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), as compared to comparator Schedule II opioids (morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone) and alprazolam, a commonly prescribed Schedule IV controlled substance in the U.S. Methods: The NSDUH is a congressionally mandated household survey that collects information on tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, mental health and other health-related issues in the US. A cross-sectional surveillance study design was used to examine lifetime and past year misuse of oral tramadol and comparators of interest among NSHUH respondents aged 12 years or older. Based on when particular data were available, the past-year misuse analysis includes NSDUH data from 2015 to 2017, and the lifetime misuse analysis includes NSDUH data from 2002 to 2014. Results: In 2015 to 2017, past-year misuse of oral tramadol was approximately 4% of the total number of prescriptions, versus 7% to 8% for all of the comparators when adjusted for drug availability. In 2002 to 2014, lifetime misuse of oral tramadol remained at 1.5% or less over the 13-year period, and was lower than reported for hydrocodone (6%) and oxycodone (4%), respectively. Comparison of oral tramadol and alprazolam showed misuse of tramadol was also much lower than alprazolam. Too few reports of tramadol misuse by injection (n = 7) were reported, versus 570, 1096, and 32 reports of injection of morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, respectively, during the 16-year analysis period to allow for any population-based estimation. Only morphine has an intravenous formulation available and tramadol was not available as an intravenous formulation in the U.S. during that time period. Conclusions: This analysis shows a low prevalence of oral tramadol misuse, relative to other commonly prescribed opioids, in a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized US residents. Estimates of reported oral tramadol misuse have remained relatively stable over time and are substantially lower than those reported for comparators when adjusted for prescription volume. Reports of oral tramadol misuse are also much less than alprazolam, another Schedule IV drug.

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