scholarly journals Building Blocks for High Quality Science Education: Reflections Based on Finnish Experiences

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Jari Lavonen
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Key Characteristics

This reflective paper will present some key characteristics of Finnish education policy and its implementation from the point of view of Science Education. Firstly, a short description of Finnish education context is presented. Secondly, curriculum design, instructional strategies and approaches to assessment are presented and discussed. All these topics are reflected from the point of view of teachers’ daily activities.

Students’ Misconceptions and Science Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Vosniadou
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Attention To Students ◽  
Science Educators

Influenced by Piagetian and Vygotskian research, science educators in the 1970s started to pay attention to students’ ideas in science. They discovered that students had deeply held beliefs that were in conflict with scientific concepts and theories. In addition to misconceptions, other terms such as preconceptions, alternative frameworks, and intuitive beliefs or theories have been used to characterize these ideas. One of the first interpretations of misconceptions is that they are faulty intuitive theories, which must be replaced by the scientifically correct ones. Another dominant interpretation is that they represent category errors—concepts assigned to the wrong ontological category. Both of these views proposed that refutation and cognitive conflict are instructional strategies that can be used to extinguish misconceptions. A different approach to misconceptions is expressed by researchers who argue that misconceptions have their roots in productive knowledge elements. According to this view, misconceptions are productive in some contexts but not appropriate in others and in these latter cases more carefully articulated scientific knowledge is necessary. Yet other researchers argue that misconceptions are often hybrids—constructive attempts on the part of the students to synthesize scientific information with intuitive beliefs and theories. Recent research has shown that misconceptions are not supplanted by scientific theories but coexist with them even in expert scientists. As a result, attention in science instruction has shifted from attempts to extinguish misconceptions to attempts to strengthen students’ epistemic knowledge, and their model building, hypothesis testing, and reasoning skills. Cognitive conflict and refutation continue to be important instructional strategies not for extinguishing misconceptions but for creating awareness in students that their beliefs are not accurate from a scientific point of view. Overall, the discovery of misconceptions has had a tremendous influence in science education research and teaching because it demonstrated that students are active and creative participants in the learning process and that their ideas and understandings need to be taken into account in instruction.

scholarly journals 2D-3D integration of hexagonal boron nitride and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Agarwal ◽  
Bernat Terrés ◽  
Lorenzo Orsini ◽  
Alberto Montanaro ◽  
Vito Sorianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Device

AbstractElectro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene-based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with high performances: a ~39 GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high-speed modulators. This 2D-3D dielectric integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs.

scholarly journals The contribution of the Italian residents in neurology to the COVID-19 crisis: admirable generosity but neurological training remains their priority

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Tassorelli ◽  
Vincenzo Silani ◽  
Alessandro Padovani ◽  
Paolo Barone ◽  
Paolo Calabresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Training And Research

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the Italian healthcare system, underscoring a dramatic shortage of specialized doctors in many disciplines. The situation affected the activity of the residents in neurology, who were also offered the possibility of being formally hired before their training completion. Aims (1) To showcase examples of clinical and research activity of residents in neurology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and (2) to illustrate the point of view of Italian residents in neurology about the possibility of being hired before the completion of their residency program. Results Real-life reports from several areas in Lombardia—one of the Italian regions more affected by COVID-19—show that residents in neurology gave an outstanding demonstration of generosity, collaboration, reliability, and adaptation to the changing environment, while continuing their clinical training and research activities. A very small minority of the residents participated in the dedicated selections for being hired before completion of their training program. The large majority of them prioritized their training over the option of earlier employment. Conclusions Italian residents in neurology generously contributed to the healthcare management of the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways, while remaining determined to pursue their training. Neurology is a rapidly evolving clinical field due to continuous diagnostic and therapeutic progress. Stakeholders need to listen to the strong message conveyed by our residents in neurology and endeavor to provide them with the most adequate training, to ensure high quality of care and excellence in research in the future.

scholarly journals Comparison of Quantitative Morphology of Layered and Arbitrary Patterns: Contrary to Visual Perception, Binary Arbitrary Patterns Are Layered from a Structural Point of View

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6300
Author(s):  
Igor Smolyar ◽  
Daniel Smolyar
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Function ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Anisotropic Layers

Patterns found among both living systems, such as fish scales, bones, and tree rings, and non-living systems, such as terrestrial and extraterrestrial dunes, microstructures of alloys, and geological seismic profiles, are comprised of anisotropic layers of different thicknesses and lengths. These layered patterns form a record of internal and external factors that regulate pattern formation in their various systems, making it potentially possible to recognize events in the formation history of these systems. In our previous work, we developed an empirical model (EM) of anisotropic layered patterns using an N-partite graph, denoted as G(N), and a Boolean function to formalize the layer structure. The concept of isotropic and anisotropic layers was presented and described in terms of the G(N) and Boolean function. The central element of the present work is the justification that arbitrary binary patterns are made up of such layers. It has been shown that within the frame of the proposed model, it is the isotropic and anisotropic layers themselves that are the building blocks of binary layered and arbitrary patterns; pixels play no role. This is why the EM can be used to describe the morphological characteristics of such patterns. We present the parameters disorder of layer structure, disorder of layer size, and pattern complexity to describe the degree of deviation of the structure and size of an arbitrary anisotropic pattern being studied from the structure and size of a layered isotropic analog. Experiments with arbitrary patterns, such as regular geometric figures, convex and concave polygons, contour maps, the shape of island coastlines, river meanders, historic texts, and artistic drawings are presented to illustrate the spectrum of problems that it may be possible to solve by applying the EM. The differences and similarities between the proposed and existing morphological characteristics of patterns has been discussed, as well as the pros and cons of the suggested method.

THE ROAD AHEAD TO BETTER MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Road ◽  
Provide Child Care ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
The Many

THE road to better child health has been discussed in relation to the doctor and his training, health services and their distribution. We have dealt with the unavoidable question of costs. Particular attention has been given to some of the advantages and dangers of decentralization of pediatric education and services. Each of the various subjects has been discussed from the point of view of its bearing on the ultimate objective of better health for all children and the steps necessary to attain this goal. Now, we may stand back from the many details of the picture, view the whole objectively and note its most outstanding features. First is the fact that the improvement of child health depends primarily upon better training for all doctors who provide child care, general practitioners as well as specialists. This is the foundation without which the rest of the structure cannot stand. The second dominant fact is the need for extending to outlying and isolated areas the high quality medical care of the medical centers, without at the same time diluting the service or training at the center. The road to better medical care, therefore, begins at the medical center and extends outward through a network of integrated community hospitals and health centers, finally reaching the remote and heretofore isolated areas. Inherent in all medical schools is a unique potential for rendering medical services as well as actually training physicians. The very nature of medical education—whereby doctors in training work under the tutelage of able specialists in the clinic, hospital ward, and out-patient department—provides medical services of high quality to people in the neighboring communities.

Global Curriculum Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Global Curriculum ◽  
Inclusive Curriculum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
Institutional Boundaries

How can higher education empower students as agents of the social transformations that our societies need so urgently? Linn Friedrichs connects John Dewey's education theory, current research on globalization, and inclusive curriculum design approaches to propose a new educational model for our age of complexity, crisis, and innovation. Drawing lessons from NYU's efforts to globalize its research, pedagogy, and social impact, she presents building blocks for a new curricular core that is structured around the key challenges of our time and the competencies of »complexity resilience«. It becomes the essential foundation for action-oriented partnerships across cultural, disciplinary, generational, and institutional boundaries.

scholarly journals Promoting Student Voice and Choice: Examples from a Secondary EL Classroom Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Emily Suh ◽  
Lisa Hoffman ◽  
Donna L. Albrecht ◽  
Scott Wade
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Secondary English ◽  
Multilingual Students ◽  
High School Class

A creative reflection project was designed and implemented for English learners in a newcomer high school class using instructional strategies which are often reserved for classes with gifted students. The researchers designed the project around two principles which are also hallmarks of high ability curriculum design: 1) an assumption that emerging multilingual students have high abilities and unrecognized talents, and 2) a commitment to students using their own agency to show their learning. We consider connections between instructional strategies used by English language learning specialists and high ability education specialists. The resulting asset-based project was aligned with the WIDA framework to support differentiation and assessment. This article discusses the successes and struggles that came from implementing this project with secondary English learners. We also share the materials created for this unit as well as considerations for other educators who might consider adapting or implementing a similar project.

scholarly journals Contemporary culture of parenting: Pedagogical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-39
Author(s):  
Biljana Bodroski-Spariosu ◽  
Mirjana Senic-Ruzic
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The possibility of improving parenting practice in raising children became a very popular topic in the scientific literature during the last few decades. The focus is on raising children at an early age and the problem is thematised primarily from the psy discourse point of view. Within this framework, a modern parenting culture is established, which reduces family upbringing to dyadic parent-child interactions outside the context of social structures and values. The aim of this paper is a critical analysis of the pedagogical implications of contemporary parenting culture, considering two key characteristics. The first refers to the conceptualisation of parenting as a depersonalised individual competence. Raising children is understood as an individual competence of achieving predefined outcomes of child development, which neglects the complexity of education both as an intergenerational and as a personal relationship. Another characteristic is the scientification of parenting in the sense of referring to the evidence of empirical scientific research and relying on the so-called parental determinism model. Raising children is becoming a scientific endeavour, and parenting is the most important ?profession? that shapes the future of the child and society. Neglecting the socio-historical dimension of education in terms of structural and ethical frameworks, articulated by the context and the goal of upbringing, makes the pedagogical voice irrelevant in the contemporary culture of parenting.

BMAC-HARVEST: Innovational Method in Osteoarticular Pathology Using Autogenous Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
Sólyom Árpád ◽  
Király Ildikó ◽  
Benedek Csaba ◽  
Nagy Ors ◽  
Solyom Reka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Imaging Point ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

Introduction: BMAC-Harvest is an innovational method regarding autogenous stem cell treatments in various fields of medicine. In osteoarticular pathology it is used for treating chronic pathology cases as well as acute and traumatic ones. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to represent the clinical and imaging results of the patients presented to the Ist Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic of Targu Mures. The results were obtained in the period 2012-2014 after using BMAC-Harvest autologous stem cells. Material and method: For this study the authors have included 28 patients from the Ist Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinic of Targu Mures, suffering from different musculoskeletal pathologies. The method used on these patients was a surgical treatment, which consisted of injecting BMAC-Harvest autogenous stem cells in a unique dosage. The procedure was conducted in the operating room in sterile conditions. These cells were extracted from the iliac crest after appropriate preparation and general anesthezia. Patients were evaluated from a clinical and imaging point of view at periods of 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. In the evaluation the following aspects were monitorized in the form of questionnaires: level of satisfaction, mobility and the daily activities of patients. The pain intensity of the patients was measured by using the VAS scale (visual analog scale). For imaging representations the authors used standard radiography and IRM in 2 occurrences and have taken into account every sign which appeared after the treatment.Results: The satisfaction level of the patients was significantly increased after the 12th month evaluation compared to results after 3rd month. The pain got considerably reduced and most of the patients could resume their activity from before the treatment. 4 patients have reported mild and medium pain 12 months after the treatment. Conclusion: Autogenous stem cell treatment is an innovational technique with satisfying results for short and medium periods. The BMAC-Harvest autogenous stem cells can be used with clear indications in locomotor organ pathology and it can help in the recuperation of the patient after a trauma. The BMAC-Harvest autogenous stem cells increase the formation of callus after a fracture or pseudoarthrosis. This is an innovational procedure and it can be used successfully in osteoarticular pathology both chronic and acute.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document