scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma harzianum T10 Liquid Formula Based On Soybean Flour Against Cucumber Seedlings Damping-Off (Pythium sp.)

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Lukas Soesanto
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACTProper concentration of soybean flour in the liquid formulation for Trichoderma harzianum T10 growth, its influence to suppress damping-off, and on the growth of cucumber seedlings was investigated. Randomized completely design was used in in vitro test with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth (control), T. harzianum T10 in soybean fluor of 1, 2, 3 and 4%. Randomiszed block design was used in in planta test with six treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, T. harzianum T10 in soybean fluor of 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Variables observed were conidia density, incubation period, disease incidence, area under the disease progress curve, maximum potentially growth, germination persentage, crop height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and root length. Result of the research showed that the right liquid formulation for T. harzianum T10 growth was the use of soybean fluor with concentration of 2% resulting conidia density as 67,10% compared to PDB. The formulation could suppress the disease incidence, decrease AUDPC value, increase root wet weight, crown wet weight, and root length as 66.67, 66.10, 57.36, 43.81, and 41.81%, respectively, compared to control. Keyword: cucumber, damping-off, liquid formula, soybean flour, Trichoderma harzianum

scholarly journals The Effect of Various pH Medium on the Secondary Metabollites Production from Trichoderma harzianum T10 to Control Damping Off on Cucumber Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nur Chalimah ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Woro Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Cucumber Seedling ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings

Damping-off is one of the main diseases in cucumber seedlings caused by Pythium sp. Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 can conduct the control of the disease. The pH of the medium influences the production of secondary metabolites. The research aimed to determine the effective pH medium on production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites, and the effect of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites application in damping-off disease control also to the growth of cucumber seedling. The research was consist of two steps; 1) in vitro assay with various pH levels 5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; and 7, 2) In planta treatments consisted of control, fungicide (Mancozeb), secondary metabolites in pH 5 and 5.5 with the concentration of 5, 10 and 15% each. The research showed that: 1) the effective pH medium for the production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites was 5 and 5.5. 2) application of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites on pH 5 and 5.5 with a concentration of 5, 10, and 15% could decrease the disease incidence and support cucumber seedling growth.

scholarly journals Raw Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 in Tapioca Flour Towards Cucumber Damping-off

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Hidayatul Ilahiyyah ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Rostaman Rostaman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Trichoderma harzianum is effective for controlling soil-borne pathogenic fungi and producing secondary metabolites. When applied in the field, the raw secondary metabolites are quickly decreased directly by sunlight. One strategy to avoid degradation is the use of tapioca fluor liquid formula for biological control agents. This research aimed to obtain the most effective concentration of tapioca flour in development of raw secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10, its effect on damping-off and growth of cucumber. This research was carried out at the screen house and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from September 2017 up to January 2018. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e., in vitro and in planta. The in vitro stage used completely randomized design with five repetitions and five treatments consisted of T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% of tapioca flour media. In in planta, randomized block design was used with five repetitions and six treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in PDB, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5, and 2% of tapioca flour media. Variables observed were density of conidia, disease incubation period, disease incidence, AUDPC, maximum growth potential, germination ability, plant height, canopy fresh weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Result of the research showed that the highest conidial density (1.23 x 107 conidia mL-1) of T. harzianum T10 was found in 2% tapioca flour with an increase of 63.28% compared to the PDB. The tapioca flour of 1 and 2%, and PDB could suppress the disease incidence by 81.82%. The lowest AUDPC was at 2% tapioca flour. The raw secondary metabolites could not delay the incubation period significantly and increase cucumber plant growth. The novelty is the use of antagonistic fungi in terms of raw secondary metabolites and the discovery of tapioca flour with the right concentration to produce high conidia density and high raw secondary metabolites. The benefits are to find other cheaper ingredients in promoting antagonistic fungal growth and the use of antagonistic fungal bioactive compounds to control plant pathogen

scholarly journals Penggunaan Beberapa Komposisi Spektrum Led Pada Potensi Dan Hasil Hidroponik Indoor Selada Keriting Hijau

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daru Nurdianna ◽  
Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri ◽  
Dwi Harjoko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Led Irradiation

This study aims to determine the differences in the growth response of green curly lettuce to the differentiation treatment of LED lighting with different spectrum in indoor hydroponics. The research was conducted from October to November 2017. The experimental design used was experimental with 1 lighting factor with 5 levels, there are sunlight (P0), LED 20% blue: 80% red (P1), LED 80% blue: 20% red (P2), 50% blue LED: 50 % red (P3), and 100% white daylight (P4). Observational variables included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaf color, total wet weight, leaf wet weight, wet root weight and dry weight of the plant. The result of this experiment showed that LED irradiation have affect the treatment are plant height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of harvest, root length, and dry weight of brackets. While those that have no significant effect are the wet weight of the roots. The results showed that between LED irradiation treatment L1, L2, L3, and L4 showed that treatment L2 with 80% blue spectrum composition: 20% red showed better growth based on: high plant, chlorophyll content, and root length. Treatment with L4 with white LED showed better growth based on the number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of harvest, root wet weight, and dry weight of total biomass. The results below the sunlight better than the LED irradiation treatment, because the intensity of LED far low and lack of controlled environmental conditions technology and management for growing lettuce. In all of LED treatment still looked etiolation because light intensity was not optimal yet.

Phaeotheca dimorphospora increases Trichoderma harzianum density in soil and suppresses red pine damping-off caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yang ◽  
L. Bernier ◽  
M. Dessureault
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fungal Antagonist ◽  
Petri Dishes

A fungal antagonist, Phaeotheca dimorphospora, was tested for its ability to control damping-off of red pine (Pinus resinosa) caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium. In vitro, the germination of seeds coated with P. dimorphospora microconidia was significantly increased by 10% compared with uncoated seeds. In experiments carried out in Petri dishes, addition of P. dimorphospora into soil significantly reduced the population of C. scoparium and disease incidence. In the greenhouse, application of P. dimorphospora into the top layer of soil reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off by 79.5%. Under greenhouse conditions, P. dimorphospora stimulated the population of Trichoderma harzianum, a well-known antagonist of soil-borne plant pathogens. In soil treated with P. dimorphospora, the number of propagules of T. harzianum was 100–500 times higher than in the untreated control, whereas the population of C. scoparium decreased rapidly and was not detectable 1 month after sowing. Key words: Phaeotheca dimorphospora, Trichoderma harzianum, Cylindrocladium scoparium, damping-off, biological control, fungal antagonist, Pinus resinosa.

scholarly journals Control of Damping off and Increased Growth of Tomato Seeds by Utilizing Trichoderma harzianum Based on Solid Organic Materials

Agrologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marthin Kalay ◽  
Gratiana NC Tuhumury ◽  
Novalina Pesireron ◽  
Abraham Talaharuruson
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Randomized Design

Low soil fertility and the presence of damping off disease which is a inhibiting factor in the nursery of tomato plants. This can be overcome by utilizing the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum based on solid organic matter (Trichocompost). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of giving Trichocompost and obtain the optimal Trichocompos dose to reduce the intensity of damping off disease and increase the growth of tomato seedlings. The treatments tried were Trichocompos with doses of 20, 40 and 60 tons/ha, designed using a complete randomized design with 10 replications. The plant response observed was the intensity of the disease; height, fresh weight and dry weight of canopy; length, fresh weight and root dry weight. The results showed that the monitoring of Trichocompost can reduce the intensity of damping off disease to 54.80% and increase the growth of tomato seedlings. The recommended Trichocompos dosage is 60 tons/ha or as much as 30 g/1 kg of soil. The results of this study can be used to increase agricultural production and also a solution in an environmentally friendly and sustainable farming system.Keyword: Biocontrol, Tomato Trichocompos, Trichoderma harzianum

Novel Liquid Mycofungicide: An Ideal Approach in Protecting Tomato from the Damping-off Disease in Nursery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Kumhar ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar ◽  
Indu Arora ◽  
Arun Kumar Bhatia ◽  
Vinod Kumar Batra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background: A novel liquid formulation of Trichoderma asperellum was prepared and its effectiveness was assessed by different methods for the management of tomato damping-off in the nursery. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years in a randomized block design with three replications. Results: T. asperellum formulation improved seed germination and management of tomato damping-off when compared with control. All the treatments performed better over control, in the first year, the antagonist’s application enhanced seed germination up to 75.75 percent, however, it was 60.13 percent in control. There was 10.93 to 20.38 percent seedling mortality due to damping off which was comparatively lower than the control (26.98%). A similar trend of seed germination and disease incidence was observed in the second year. In addition to managing the disease, the antagonist certainly promoted the vegetative growth which was reflected as increased shoot and root length in comparison to control during both years. During the first year, shoot length ranged 10.90 – 12.85 cm as compared to the control (8.72 cm) and root length ranged from 3.21 to 3.65 cm which was greater than the control. Almost a similar trend in the vegetative growth parameters of seedling was observed during the second year. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the tested antagonist’s formulation could efficiently managed the tomato damping-off as well as encouraged the vegetative growth of seedlings which ultimately ensured better and healthy seedling. And this formulation can successefully used through different methods to take care of tomato damping off.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Formulasi Cair Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma virens sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati (APH) Penyakit Hawar Daun (Phytopthora palmivora) pada Bibit Kakao

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Desi Arida ◽  
Rina Sriwati ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Abstrak. Pencegahan penyakit hawar daun oleh jamur Phytophthora palmivora pada kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) menggunakan fungisida dapat berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan dan menimbulkan resistensi, sehingga untuk mengatasinya diperlukan alternatif lain dengan menggunakan Agen Antagonis Hayati (APH) seperti cendawan Trichoderma spp. Perbanyakan cendawan Trichoderma spp.  dapat diperbanyak dengan berbagai media, salah satunya dengan formulasi cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi dari T. harzianum dan T.virens dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun P. palmivora pada bibit kakao. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala pada bulan Januari 2018 sampai dengan Juli 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan, Apabila uji F menunjukkan pengaruh nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil pada taraf 5%. Peubah yang diamati yaitu masa inkubasi, kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit jumlah daun, lebar daun, diameter batang dan  tinggi tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi formulasi cair T. harzianum dan T. virens berpengaruh terhadap peubah masa inkubasi, kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan tinggi tanaman yaitu 18,75 cm per tanaman.Application Liquid Formulation Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens as Biological Control Agent (APH) Leaf Blight (Phytopthora palmivora) on Cocoa SeedlingsAbstract. Prevention of leaf blight by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) using fungicides may adversely affect the environment and cause resistance, so to resolve  it needed another alternative by using Biological Antagonist Agent (APH) such as Trichoderma spp. The multiplication of Trichoderma spp. can be reproduced with various media, one of them with a liquid formulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of T. harzianum and T.virens in controlling P. palmivora leaf blight in cocoa seedlings. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University in January 2018 until July 2018. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. If the F test shows a real effect, it will continue by the smallest real difference test at the level of 5%. The variables observed were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, number of leaves, leaf width, stem diameter and plant height. The results of this study showed that the application of liquid formulation T. harzianum and T. virens had an effect on the incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity and plant height of 18.75 cm per plant.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Dehydration of seabird prey during transport to the colony: effects on wet weight energy densities

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2822-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Montevecchi ◽  
J. F. Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cautious Interpretation ◽  
Existing Data

We present evidence to indicate that dehydration of prey transported by seabirds from capture sites at sea to chicks at colonies inflates estimates of wet weight energy densities. These findings and a comparison of wet and dry weight energy densities reported in the literature emphasize the importance of (i) accurate measurement of the fresh weight and water content of prey, (ii) use of dry weight energy densities in comparisons among species, seasons, and regions, and (iii) cautious interpretation and extrapolation of existing data sets.

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