scholarly journals ФОРМУВАННЯ ВРОЖАЙНОСТІ ПРОСА ЛОЗОПОДІБНОГО ТРЕТЬОГО РОКУ ВЕҐЕТАЦІЇ

2014 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Growing Crop

Результати проведених досліджень засвідчують,що формування врожайності фітомаси проса лозо-подібного (світчграсу) – сировини для виробництвабіопалива – залежить як від сортименту та погод-них умов, так і від елементів технології вирощуваннякультури. Визначено кількісні показники веґетатив-ної надземної маси та врожайність сухої фітомасикультури в розрізі сортів, поставлених на вивчення зарізної площі живлення рослин. Встановлено часткивпливу досліджуваних факторів на елементи проду-ктивності (висоту рослин та кількість стебел наодиницю площі) і врожайність сухої фітомаси сор-тів проса лозоподібного: Кейв-ін-рок, Картадж іФоресбург. The results of the experiments show that the forming switchgrass phytomass productivity that is raw materials for biofuels production depends on the assortment, weather conditions and elements of growing crop technology. The quantitative indicators of vegetative aboveground mass and productivity of dry phytomass crop in terms of varieties studied on different areas of plant nutrition have been determined. Influence of experimented factors on the productivity elements (height of plant and number of stems per unit area) and productivity of dry phytomass switchgrass varieties Cave-in-Rock, Carthage and Foresburg has been established.

scholarly journals Changes of the Knitted Fabric Properties due to Exposure to Outdoor Natural Weathering

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900
Author(s):  
Ivana Salopek Cubric ◽  
Vesna Marija Potocic Matkovic ◽  
Zenun Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vertical Density ◽  
Single Jersey

In order to investigate the changes of knitted fabric properties due to exposure to outdoor natural weathering, a series of single jersey fabrics made from different raw materials was produced. The fabrics were exposed to summer weather conditions in duration of three months. The exposure of knitted fabrics to outdoor natural weathering in the summer period affected all investigated properties, namely, structural properties, tensile properties and heat resistance. The most significant changes were: the vertical density increased up to 31%, the mass per unit area increased up to 26%, the breaking force decreased in both directions for up to 54% and the heat resistance decreased up to 18%.

scholarly journals Вплив погодних умов веґетаційного періоду на елементи продуктивності та урожайність проса прутоподібного

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Stems

З'ясовано вплив погодних умов веґетації на мінливість елементів продуктивності (висоти та густоти стеблостою) проса прутоподібного. Визначено вплив середньодобової температури повітря та суми опадів під час веґетації рослин на урожайність фітомаси культури в розрізі років дослідження. Наведено кореляційні залежності між кількісними показниками рослин (елементами продуктивності) третього–шостого років веґетації та урожайністю фітомаси проса прутоподібного. Встановлено, що урожайність сухої надземної веґетативної маси проса прутоподібного в більшій мірі обумовлюється кількістю стебел на одиницю площі у тісному взаємозв’язку із середньодобовою температурою повітря, в меншій мірі – висотою рослин та сумою опадів за веґетаційний період. The influence of weather conditions of vegetation on the variability of the elements of productivity (height and density of stems) of switchgrass is determined. The influence of average daily temperature of air and the amount of precipitation during vegetation of plants on the yield of phytomass of culture in terms of research years is determined. The correlation between quantitative indices of plants (elements of productivity) of the third–sixth years of vegetation and yield of phytomass of switchgrass is shown. It has been established that the yield of dry vegetative mass of switchgrass is largely determined by the number of stems per unit area in close correlation with the average daily temperature of air, to a less extent – the height of plants and the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PREPARING FLAX RAW MATERIALS FOR PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Yu. Вerezovsky ◽  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
M. Yedynovych ◽  
G. Boyko ◽  
N. Lyalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article contains theoretical and experimental researches in the field of the preservation of flax raw material of high moisture content. In the article, factors that are worsening the quality of flax raw material, resulting in non-observance of agrotechnical and technological requirements of preparing, collecting, harvesting the stem material, adverse weather conditions and other factors, are considered. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of preservation agents’ concentrations and of hollow structure device on the quality of flax raw material during long-time storage. In the article, the influence of aqueous preservatives’ concentration, humidity, storage length on the quality of fibrous products, obtained as a result of processing stem material, is analyzed. The influence of the device of hollow structures, as an alternative to preservatives, on the storage process of bast crops stem material was evaluated. The method of flax retted straw storage is described, actions of the main factors influence on the strength of fibers are analyzed. It is demonstrated, that prolongation of flax raw material preservation time can be made by using preservatives without considerable wastes of quality.

QUANTITATIVE ACCOUNT AND DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTIES OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ALLOCATED FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
E.M. Lenchenko ◽  
◽  
D.V. Stepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Differential Properties

The results of microbiological studies of generally accepted research methods and analysis studies for accelerated calculation the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms isolated from food raw materials are presented. Optimization of sample preparation for research and elimination of routine stages of colony counting significantly increases the number of performed analyzes, saves research time and material costs. Due to the simplicity of operations and a minimum of manual labor,productivity and security are increased, labor costs of staff time are reduced, subjective factors are excluded. The advantages are also in quantitative indicators of the total number of yeast and molds in the studied samples within 72 hours, whereas in the generally accepted method, the indicators are presented only after 5 days. A quantitative analysis of microorganisms of food samples (n = 82) revealed a mismatch of microbiological safety indicators, excess QMAFAnM: 23 (28,0%) samples food raw materials, of which 11 beef samples (47,2%); meat of offal and semi-finished poultry – 12 (20,3%). Based on a comparative assessment of growth-supporting and selective properties, effective diagnostic environments and test systems for differentiating similar types of microorganisms have been tested and selected. From the number of isolates allocated from food raw materials (n = 122), 36 microbial cultures were identified: Salmonella spp. – 10 (13,1%) microbial cultures; coliforms – 25 (24,3%); Listeria monocytogenes – 1 (1,3%).

scholarly journals Influence of fertilization on Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deu) yield and biomass traits in three experiments in Serbia  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drazic Gordana ◽  
Milovanovic Jelena ◽  
Ikanovic Jela ◽  
Petric Ivana
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems

Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deu) is an agro-energy crop of the second generation cultivated in purpose to obtain annually renewable bio-fuel produced from the aboveground biomass. Cultivation is preferred on marginal lands to avoid occupation of arable lands. Influence of fertilization and soil type Gleysol, Planosol and Technosol (open pit coal mine overburden) on yield and biomass traits of miscanthus were investigated during five years’ field experiment. Among biometric characteristics: stem height, length and width of leaves, the number of leaves (dry and green) per stem and number of stems per rhizome, only the last one has a strong positive correlation with yield. Fertilization increased yield during fourth and fifth year of development on Gleysol and Technosol. The highest yield on Gleysol was 23.12 t/ha in 2014, on Planosol 10.16 t/ha, and 4.77 t/ha in 2015 on Technosol. The yield of miscanthus, beside fertilization, depends on weather conditions and weeds. Cultivation of miscanthus is possible on marginal soils with minimum application of agricultural measures only in the year of establishment. Gleysol is a type of soil that can be recommended for miscanthus cultivation.  

scholarly journals The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Harasim ◽  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
The University ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period.</p><p>An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of different sowing density in two varieties of maize. Part I. Relation to yielding

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Piotr Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
First Order ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary A study was carried out to determine the effect of sowing density on the yield of maize of two different varieties. The field experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences. The first-order factor was the variety: SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green”; the second-order factor was sowing density: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 plants per m2. Weather conditions during the maize growing seasons significantly influenced the values of the studied traits. Significantly the lowest green mass yield of maize was obtained at the sowing density of 6 plants m−2, and the highest for 10 plants m−2. The “stay-green” variety significantly responded to an increase in sowing density with reduced fresh weight of leaf blades of a single plant compared with the conventional variety. This indicated highly effective photosynthesis with a lower plant density per unit area, which is also the basis for effective absorption of solar radiation for these maize varieties.

scholarly journals Influence of treatment of tobacco leaves with microwave radiation on quality indicators and quantitative composition of raw tobacco raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
L. P. Pestova ◽  
E. I. Vinevsky ◽  
A. V. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Technologies for obtaining expanded tobacco have been developed, which make it possible to increase the volume of tobacco leaves up to 50% and reduce the consumption of tobacco raw materials in the manufacture of smoking articles by up to 30%. However, they have a number of disadvantages, the main one being a decrease in the tasting evaluation of raw materials. The subject of the research is to determine the effect of microwave radiation when processing freshly harvested tobacco leaves on improving the qualitative and quantitative indicators of tobacco raw materials. The object of the research is freshly harvested leaves of three botanical varieties of tobacco grown at the experimental site of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products», harvested in the condition of technical maturity. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of microwave- radiation treatment of tobacco leaves during their post-harvest processing on the possibility of obtaining expanded tobacco and on the qualitative and quantitative composition of raw tobacco. The following has been established: the obtained raw tobacco in terms of dimensional characteristics is similar to expanded tobacco obtained under factory conditions; carbohydrate-protein ratio (Shmuk’s number) in comparison with the control on has increased 2,5–4,5 times, and the nicotine content has decreased 1,3–1,4 times; the conventional consumption of raw tobacco for the manufacture of cigarettes is reduced by 8 ... 17% in comparison with the control one, depending on the drying technology. The results of the studies have revealed the positive effect of microwave radiation when processing freshly harvested tobacco leaves on the improvement of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of raw tobacco.

scholarly journals Effect of climate change on burley tobacco crop calendars

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette del Carmen Zambrano Nájera ◽  
Oscar Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Change Simulation ◽  
Optimal Information ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation

In Colombia, tobacco cultivation is an important generator of employment and income for farmers; however it faces different problems as low crop yield compared to other countries; specifically, in the north of the country, where the climatic conditions are less favorable and the productivity is lower than other areas of the country due to low mechanization. In order to improve the tobacco yield per hectare in the municipality of Ovejas, this research aimed to determine the water requirements of burley tobacco cultivation under conditions of climate variability to obtain optimal information for crop calendars. Water requirements of burley tobacco were determined using the crop water requirement equation. This calculation ethod was programmed in Python to automate the generation of maps, developing a tool that allowed a detailed analysis per unit area per week. Based on the results obtained, weeks 17 and 18 of the year (last week of April and first week of May, respectively) are proposed as optimal planting times, since the cycles of crops planted in this period showed precipitation surplus in the initial phase of cultivation, which is a critical phase for their development. Climate change simulation showed that crops must be continuously monitored in order to adapt to new weather conditions.

scholarly journals Закономірності формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного в умовах Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Number Of Stems

Акцентовано увагу на необхідності дослідження особливостей формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного (світчграсу) для забезпечення виробничих площ достатньою кількістю насіннєвого матеріалу. Здійснено спроуа визначення залежності урожаю насіння від елементів технології вирощування у зв’язку з погодними умовами веґетаційного періоду. Експеримент із вивчення насіннєвої продуктивності світчграсу проведено в умовах Лісостепу з використанням методичних рекомендацій вітчизняних та зарубіжних авторів. За результати дослідження визначено комплексний вплив елементів технології вирощування на фоні контрастних умов веґетації культури на урожайність насіння світчграсу. Встановлено, що на урожайність насіння світчграсу мають вплив погодні умови вирощування (середньодобова температура повітря та кількість опадів) протягом веґетаційного періоду. Найбільша урожайність насіння формується за вирощуванні рослин за ширини міжряддя 60 см, Як ширші, так і вужчі міжряддя зменшують даний показник. Визначено рівнозначний вплив біометричних показників рослин (висоти та кількості стебел) на урожайність насіння світчграсу. При цьому застосування весняного підживлення посівів певною мірою нівелює негативний вплив погодних умов. The article focuses attention on the necessity of studying the peculiarities of the formation of switchgrass yield for providing productive areas with sufficient amount of seed material. An attempt to determine the dependence of yield on the elements of cultivation technology in connection with the weather conditions of the growing season has been made. The experiment on studying seed efficiency of switchgrass was carried out under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe using methodolo-gical recommendations of domestic and foreign authors. The yield of seed was determined by weighing method by weighing the seed material from each variant of the field experiment. In our study we used both general scientific methods (dialectics, experiment, analysis and synthesis) and special ones, among them: laboratory – the determination of quantitative indices of plants (height and density of stems); field – determination of the interaction of the subject with the object of research; calculation-weight – establishment of seed productivity and yield of seeds; mathematical analysis of interconnections and graphical representation of data in the experiment.  Complex influence of the cultivation technology elements during the contrast conditions of crop vegetation upon the switchgrass yield has been established. It has been determined that the weather conditions (average daily air temperature and rainfall) during the growing season influenced on switchgrass yield. The highest seed yield is formed by growing plants at a width of rotation of 60 cm, both wider and narrowed row spacings reduce this figure. The equivalent effect of biometric indices of plants (height and number of stems) on the yield of the seed of the switchgrass is determined. At the same time the application of spring crop yields to some extent offsets the negative effects of weather conditions.  Application of fertilizers in plant cultivation with row spacing of 60 cm – from 0.57 t/ha to 0.72 t/ha has the greatest influence on swithgrass yield. Both increase and decrease of the width of row spacing leads to decrease of  crop yield. Swithgrass yield depends on the height of the plants by 25% under the coefficient of correlation r = 0.51 and by 23% – on the number of stems according to the correlation coefficient r = 0.48.

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