scholarly journals Influence of treatment of tobacco leaves with microwave radiation on quality indicators and quantitative composition of raw tobacco raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
L. P. Pestova ◽  
E. I. Vinevsky ◽  
A. V. Chernov

Technologies for obtaining expanded tobacco have been developed, which make it possible to increase the volume of tobacco leaves up to 50% and reduce the consumption of tobacco raw materials in the manufacture of smoking articles by up to 30%. However, they have a number of disadvantages, the main one being a decrease in the tasting evaluation of raw materials. The subject of the research is to determine the effect of microwave radiation when processing freshly harvested tobacco leaves on improving the qualitative and quantitative indicators of tobacco raw materials. The object of the research is freshly harvested leaves of three botanical varieties of tobacco grown at the experimental site of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products», harvested in the condition of technical maturity. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of microwave- radiation treatment of tobacco leaves during their post-harvest processing on the possibility of obtaining expanded tobacco and on the qualitative and quantitative composition of raw tobacco. The following has been established: the obtained raw tobacco in terms of dimensional characteristics is similar to expanded tobacco obtained under factory conditions; carbohydrate-protein ratio (Shmuk’s number) in comparison with the control on has increased 2,5–4,5 times, and the nicotine content has decreased 1,3–1,4 times; the conventional consumption of raw tobacco for the manufacture of cigarettes is reduced by 8 ... 17% in comparison with the control one, depending on the drying technology. The results of the studies have revealed the positive effect of microwave radiation when processing freshly harvested tobacco leaves on the improvement of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of raw tobacco.

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Olesya Nikolayevna Mazko ◽  
Lyudmila Ivanovna Tikhomirova ◽  
Lyudmila Vladimirovna Shcherbakova ◽  
Natal'ya Grigor'yevna Bazarnova ◽  
Dmitriy Alekseyevich Karpitsky

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) separately and in interaction with auxins on the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in the raw materials of regenerating plants Iris sibirica L. Cambridge grade in comparison with aeroponic and intact raw materials using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Raw materials of I. sibirica Cambridge variety obtained in vitro culture had a richer qualitative composition of flavonoids than intact plants. The dependence of the accumulation of flavonoids on the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in nutrient media was noted. The presence of 13 compounds was observed in extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol from regenerating plants grown at the lowest concentration of BAP (1.0 µM) within the experiment. In quantitative terms, the flavonoid apigenin was maximally determined on a medium with BAP 1 µM, and kaempferol - on media with BAP 5.0 µM, supplemented with auxins. For a medium with 7.5 µM BAP, the lowest variety of compounds was observed (9) and the lowest kaempferol content. Auxins influenced the synthesis of flavonoids. The amount of flavonoids in all variants of the experiment increased by an average of 13% in the presence of auxins. The stages of the technological process of obtaining raw materials I. sibirica Cambridge variety on the basis of clonal micropropagation and cultivation in aeroponics conditions allowed to obtain raw materials that do not contain heavy and toxic metals, are not infected with pathogens and pests. With 1 m2 of useful area of aeroponics for 1 year, it is possible to collect 5 times more raw materials than with field cultivation. According to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, aeroponic raw materials are identical to intact plants.


Author(s):  
V.O. Ruzakov ◽  

Abstract: Nanoparticles are a common factor in the production environment of existing technologies. In pyrometallurgical processes, the formation of nanoparticles occurs, which are released in the form of an aerosol into the air of the working area. The purpose of this work was to study the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of aerosols in the air of the working area arising from various technological processes of copper processing and to determine the most acceptable methods for practical application of sampling and instrumental research. In this work, using electron microscopy, the qualitative and quantitative composition of aerosols was studied at three technological stages of copper processing. A significant difference in the dispersed composition of aerosols was revealed depending on the technological process of the used raw materials and materials. It was found that the largest number of particles in the volume of condensation aerosol of the pyrometallurgical limit of copper is represented by particles of the nanometer range.


Author(s):  
Е.Е. УЛЬЯНЧЕНКО

При производстве табачного сырья важную роль играет сокращение продолжительности сушки табачных листьев. Одним из способов интенсификации сушки свежеубранных табачных листьев является прием прорезания средней жилки (ПСЖ) листьев вдоль волокон. По результатам исследований 2019–2020 гг. была создана база данных табачного сырья, полученного при естественном способе сушки с применением приема ПСЖ, которая может служить информационным материалом для производителей табака. Проведена оптимизация процесса сушки табачного листа ПСЖ по показателям качества табачного сырья для расширенного диапазона сортотипов табака. Объектом исследований были сорта отечественной селекции, включенные в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенные к использованию: Самсун 85, Вирджиния 202, Юбилейный новый 142, Трапезонд 92, Трапезонд 204, Дюбек 33, Американ 287 и Крупнолистный Ильский (находится в стадии государственных испытаний). Критерием оценки эффективности применения приема ПСЖ на исследованных сортах табака являлся совокупный сравнительный анализ следующих показателей контрольных (без ПСЖ листа) и опытных образцов: уровень интенсификации сушки, показатели товарного качества, технологических свойств и химического состава полученного сырья. Установлено, что ПСЖ позволяет интенсифицировать процесс сушки в 1,3–2,46 раза в зависимости от сорта табака и положительно влияет на технологические свойства сырья, у большинства сортов увеличивается выход волокна и сохраняются объемно-упругие свойства. Динамика сушки оказывает влияние на изменение химического состава сырья. В процессе сушки за счет гидролизации солей никотина и его освобождения путем окисления кислородом воздуха уровень никотина в ряде образцов снижается в пределах 10–30%. Чем выше содержание никотина, тем выше крепость табака, грубее его вкус. Изменения углеводно-белкового соотношения в сторону повышения углеводов улучшают вкусовые характеристики сырья. По каждому исследованному сорту не удалось выявить закономерной зависимости его структуры и характера процесса сушки при ПСЖ с преобразованиями химического состава сырья. На основе анализа технологических и качественных показателей табачного сырья, представленных в разработанной базе данных по интенсификации сушки различных сортов табака с применением приема ПСЖ табачных листьев, можно планировать выбор оптимального способа сушки для каждого сорта табака, позволяющего повысить эффективность использования сырья и улучшить его качественные характеристики. In the production of tobacco raw materials, reducing the drying time of tobacco leaves plays an important role. One of the ways to intensify the drying of freshly harvested tobacco leaves is the method of cutting the middle vein (CMV) of the leaves along the fibers. Based on the results of research in 2019–2020, a database of tobacco raw materials obtained by a natural drying method using CMV reception was created, which can serve as information material for tobacco producers. The optimization of the process of drying the CMV tobacco leaf according to the quality indicators of tobacco raw materials for an expanded range of tobacco variety types was carried out. The object of research was the varieties of domestic selection included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, approved for use: Samsun 85, Virginia 202, Yubileyny novy 142, Trapezond 92, Trapezond 204, Dubek 33, American 287 and Krupnolistnyy Ilskiy (under state testing). The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of CMV intake on the studied tobacco varieties was a cumulative comparative analysis of the following indicators of control (without CMV sheet) and experimental samples: the level of drying intensification, indicators of commercial quality, technological properties and chemical composition of the obtained raw materials. It is established that CMV allows to intensify the drying process by 1,3–2,46 times, depending on the tobacco variety and has a positive effect on the technological properties of raw materials, most varieties increase the yield of fiber and retain volume-elastic properties. The dynamics of drying affects the change in the chemical composition of raw materials. During the drying process, due to the hydrolysis of nicotine salts and its release by oxidation with air oxygen, the nicotine level in a number of samples decreases within 10–30%. The higher the nicotine content, the higher the strength of tobacco, it is coarser in taste. Changes in the carbohydrate-protein ratio in the direction of increasing carbohydrates improve the taste characteristics of raw materials. For each studied variety, it was not possible to identify a regular dependence of its structure and the nature of the drying process at CMV with transformations of the chemical composition of raw materials. Based on the analysis of technological and qualitative indicators of tobacco raw materials presented in the developed database on the intensification of drying of various varieties of tobacco using the use of CMV of tobacco leaves, it is possible to plan the choice of the optimal drying method for each variety of tobacco, which allows to increase the efficiency of using raw materials and improve its quality characteristics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
A. V. Nikitin ◽  
O. Yu. Antsiferova

The information and analytical materials evaluate the state and efficiency of the agroindustrial complex functioning in the country and in the Tambov Region, its impact on ensuring food and the population’s living standard. The main criterial indicators of the export potential were analyzed in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators for the country and the region. The ways to improve the export potential, as well as to solve the problem of food self-production and to achieve food independence have been offered. The ways to improve the Russian agricultural producers’ competitiveness, to form efficiently functioning agricultural, raw materials and food markets, to increase the profitability of agricultural producers, to create a favorable investment climate, as well as to increase the volume of investments in the agricultural sector of the economy to grow its production have been developed.  


2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
O.A. Gizinger

Despite significant progress in the study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora, there are many controversial issues related not only to diagnosis, but also to the treatment of dysbiotic disorders of the intestine. Dysbiotic disorders, characterized by a decrease in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of obligate and facultative microflora, can have a negative impact on human health. The doctor’s task is to restore the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract and the density of colonization of indigenous microflora, taking into account modern knowledge on this problem, presented in on-line training seminars.


Author(s):  
V. M. Odyntsova ◽  
V. H. Korniievska ◽  
M. M. Maletskyi ◽  
Yu. I. Korniievskyi

The family Apiaceae includes 474 genera and 3992–4050 species that are distributed around the globe. Of all the variety of species, our attention was drawn to the raw material of anise – Anisum vulgare Gaertrn.; fennel – Foeniculum vulgare Mill., which contains derivatives of phenylpropane; coriander – Coriandrum sativum L.; dill – Anethum graveolens L.; caraway – Carum carvi L., which is rich in monoterpenoid derivatives. These plants are widely used in medical practice and known to have antimicrobial, antispasmodic, expectorant, antihypertensive, diuretic, choleretic, carminative effects. This versatility is due to the presence of different groups of biologically active substances in the raw materials of plants. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, a component composition of fruit tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. and Carum carvi L. Materials and methods. Tinctures were prepared in ratio 1:5 (extractant – 70 % ethyl alcohol) from anise, fennel, coriander, dill, and caraway fruits, which had been harvested in the experimental field of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in August 2019. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the active compounds was performed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometric detector. The NIST14 mass spectrum library was used to identify the components. Results. It has been revealed that the tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L., and Carum carvi L. differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components of chromato-mass spectrometry. Tinctures of Anethum fructus contain 28 components, among which 8.028 RT (-)-Carvone (52.63 %) and 4.861 RT D-Limonene (17.74 %) prevail. Tinctures of Coriandrum fructus contain 37 components with the highest content of 11,016 RT Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl (20.7 %) and 19.372 RT 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one (8.57 %). In the tincture of Carum carvi L., which contains 33 components, the following may be considered predominant: 7.988 RT Benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl) (47.37 %) and 19,311 RT undetermined compound (5.88 %). The tincture of Anisum fructus has 22 components, with the highest content of 8.531 RT Estragole (60.32 %) and 4.852 RT D-Limonene (5.15 %); Foeniculum fructus tincture contains 52 components, among which 5.745 RT Fenchone (15.39 %) and 8.5 RT Anethole (11.37 %) prevail. Conclusions. The results of gas chromatography of fruits of the Apiaceae family significantly expand the information about the chemical composition of raw materials and indicate the prospects for use in pharmaceutical and medical practice. Analyzing the results of gas chromatography, it has been found that tinctures of fruits of the Apiaceae family differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components. Tinctures of Foeniculum fructus contain 52 components, Coriandrum fructus – 37 components, Carum carvi L. contain 33 components, Anethum fructus – 28 components, Anisum fructus – 22 components. The obtained experimental data can be used to create regulatory documentation for a particular type of medicinal plant raw materials.


Author(s):  
Р.А. ДРОЗДОВ ◽  
М.А. КОЖУХОВА ◽  
Т.В. БАРХАТОВА ◽  
И.А. ХРИПКО ◽  
Т.А. ДРОЗДОВА

Исследован качественный и количественный состав вторичных сырьевых ресурсов (ВСР) выжимок, полученных при отжиме сока из клубней топинамбура сорта Интерес с предварительной ферментацией мезги препаратом Pectinex Ultra SPL и без нее. Установлено, что ферментативная обработка позволила увеличить выход сока и, соответственно, сократить количество ВСР с 34,6 до 15,7, повысить в них содержание сухих веществ на 7,4. В исследованных образцах ВСР полисахариды клеточных стенок, относящиеся к группе пищевых волокон, составляли более 68 сухих веществ, поэтому полученные выжимки могут быть использованы в качестве функциональных ингредиентов для производства продуктов здорового питания. Для оценки технологического потенциала ВСР их вносили в молочную основу в количестве 20. Полученную смесь пастеризовали в течение 10 мин при температуре (85 2)С, охлаждали и сквашивали при температуре 37С пробиотическими заквасками БифилактПро и БифилактПлюс в течение 12 ч. Контролем служило молоко без добавок. В процессе сквашивания контролировали титруемую кислотность. Установлено, что в образцах молочнорастительной смеси конечная кислотность (75Т) была достигнута в течение 5 7 ч, в контрольном в течение 9 10 ч. Наибольший эффект отмечен при использовании закваски БифилактПро . По окончании процесса сквашивания закваской БифилактПро в образцах молочнорастительной смеси количество бифидобактерий было на 2 3 порядка выше, чем в образце молока без растительных добавок, а после 8 сут хранения при температуре (4 2)С составило в среднем 4 Ч 1010 КОЕ/г, что дает основание рекомендовать ВСР, полученные после переработки клубней топинамбура на сок, в качестве функциональнотехнологических ингредиентов при производстве пробиотических молочных продуктов. Qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary raw materials pomace obtained by squeezing juice from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke varieties Interes with prefermentation of pulp preparation Pectinex Ultra SPL and without it, was investigated. It was found that the enzymatic treatment allowed to increase the yield of juice, respectively, to reduce the amount of secondary raw materials from 34,6 to 15,7 and to increase the content of dry substances in them by 7,4. In samples of secondary raw materials, cell wall polysaccharides belonging to the group of dietary fibers make up more than 68 of dry substances, so the obtained pomace can be used as functional ingredients for the production of healthy food products. To assess the technological potential of pomace were made in the milk base in the amount of 20. The resulting mixture was pasteurized for 10 minutes at a temperature of (85 2)C, cooled and fermented at a temperature of 37C with probiotic ferments BifilactPro and BifilactPlus for 12 hours. Milk without additives served as a control. In the process of fermentation, titrated acidity was controlled. It was found that the final acidity (75T) in the samples of milkvegetable mixture was achieved within 5 7 hours, in the controlwithin 9 10 hours. Greatest effect was noted when using BifilactPro ferment. At the end of fermentation with BifilactPro ferment in the samples of milkvegetable mixture, the number of bifidobacteria was 2 3 orders of magnitude higher than in the sample of milk without vegetable additives, and after 8 days of storage at a temperature (4 2)C averaged 4 Ч 1010 CFU/g, which gives grounds to recommend secondary raw materials obtained after processing Jerusalem artichoke tubers for juice as functional and technological ingredients in the production of probiotic dairy products.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Sheludko ◽  
Halyna Riashko

The topicality. Flour confectionery remains the leader in sales among other delicacies in Ukraine. Especially their consumption increases during the holidays. But today, society is increasingly concerned about its health. Young people prefer not only well-decorated dishes, but also pay considerable attention to the qualitative and quantitative composition of raw materials. Currently popular in Ukraine are muffins, cupcakes, brownies, blondes, biscuits, cantucci, craffins, biscuits “Savoyardi” and “Madeleine”. Good nutrition is the key to good health, especially in today’s environment. The production of high nutritional value products has a more complex technology than the classic, and requires other approaches to the design of confectionery shops in this direction, so this issue is relevant. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to improve the technological lines of the confectionery shop in restaurants specializing in the production of high nutritional value. Methods of modeling, analogy, system approach and formalization have been used in writing the article. Results. In the course of the research the expediency of improving the technological line of dough preparation and the line of preparation of cream and finishing semi-finished products in confectionery shops of restaurants is substantiated. Conclusions and discussions. Approaches to the improvement of technological lines of confectionery shops of restaurant establishments, which produce flour confectionery products of high nutritional value, have been substantiated, and the requirements for the premises of confectionery shops have been given.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7706
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Karlińska ◽  
Beata Romanowska ◽  
Monika Kosmala

Plants of the genus Agrimonia L. perfectly fit the current trends in nutrition and food technology, namely, the need for raw materials with a high content of bioactive natural compounds, including polyphenols, which could be added to food. The composition of polyphenolics, including agrimoniin and flavonoids, in the aerial parts of Agrimonia procera Wallr. (A. procera) and Agrimonia eupatoria L. (A. eupatoria) (Rosaceae) was determined using HPLC-DAD-MS. The polyphenolic content of A. procera was found to be 3.9%, 3.2%, 2.9%, 1.8% and 1.1%, and that of A. eupatoria was determined to be 1.3%, 0.3%, 0.9%, 0.6% and 0.5% in the dry matter of leaves, stems, fruits, seeds and hypanthia, respectively. Except for A. procera hypanthia, agrimoniin was the main polyphenolic compound in the aerial parts of the studied Agrimonia species. Both plants are also a valuable source of flavonoid glycosides, especially apigenin, luteolin and quercetin. The obtained data indicate that both A. procera and A. eupatoria are potentially good sources of polyphenols (albeit significantly different in terms of their qualitative and quantitative composition), and may not only be a medicinal raw material, but also a valuable material for food use such as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.


Author(s):  
N.V. Alpatova ◽  
◽  
I.A. Dubrovskaya ◽  
M.V. Slobodyanik ◽  
◽  
...  

Flavonoids are an important component of plant materials; they have medicinal and biologically active properties. To use them as medicines, it is necessary to determine their qualitative and quantitative composition. The aim of this work is a comparative analysis of the identification and metrological characteristics of methods for the determination of flavonoids in plant raw materials and products of their processing. The paper presents a brief literature review of the main methods for the study of flavonoids. Certified and advanced techniques, such as NMR and mass spectrometry, have been discussed.


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