Effect of climate change on burley tobacco crop calendars

In Colombia, tobacco cultivation is an important generator of employment and income for farmers; however it faces different problems as low crop yield compared to other countries; specifically, in the north of the country, where the climatic conditions are less favorable and the productivity is lower than other areas of the country due to low mechanization. In order to improve the tobacco yield per hectare in the municipality of Ovejas, this research aimed to determine the water requirements of burley tobacco cultivation under conditions of climate variability to obtain optimal information for crop calendars. Water requirements of burley tobacco were determined using the crop water requirement equation. This calculation ethod was programmed in Python to automate the generation of maps, developing a tool that allowed a detailed analysis per unit area per week. Based on the results obtained, weeks 17 and 18 of the year (last week of April and first week of May, respectively) are proposed as optimal planting times, since the cycles of crops planted in this period showed precipitation surplus in the initial phase of cultivation, which is a critical phase for their development. Climate change simulation showed that crops must be continuously monitored in order to adapt to new weather conditions.

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Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213601003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 01003

Author(s):

Elena Vologzhanina ◽

Galina Batalova

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Positive Dependence ◽

Green Mass ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Green Mass Yield ◽

Favorable Conditions

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.

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Stress-resilient maize for climate-vulnerable ecologies in the Asian tropics

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.08.p2405 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1264-1274

Author(s):

P.H. Zaidi ◽

Thanh Nguyen ◽

Dang N. Ha ◽

Suriphat Thaitad ◽

Salahuddin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Specific Situation ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Maize Germplasm ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Variable Weather

Most parts of the Asian tropics are hotspots of climate change effects and associated weather variabilities. One of the major challenges with climate change is the uncertainty and inter-annual variability in weather conditions as crops are frequently exposed to different weather extremes within the same season. Therefore, agricultural research must strive to develop new crop varieties with inbuilt resilience towards variable weather conditions rather than merely tolerance to individual stresses in a specific situation and/or at a specific crop stage. C4 crops are known for their wider adaptation to range of climatic conditions. However, recent climatic trends and associated variabilities seem to be challenging the threshold limit of wider adaptability of even C4 crops like maize. In collaboration with national programs and private sector partners in the region, CIMMYT-Asia maize program initiated research for development (R4D) projects largely focusing on saving achievable yields across range of variable environments by incorporating reasonable levels of tolerance/resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses without compromising on grain yields under optimal growing conditions. By integrating novel breeding tools like - genomics, double haploid (DH) technology, precision phenotyping and reducing genotype × environment interaction effects, a new generation of maize germplasm with multiple stress tolerance that can grow well across variable weather conditions were developed. The new maize germplasm were targeted for stress-prone environments where maize is invariability exposed to a range of sub-optimal growing conditions, such as drought, heat, waterlogging and various virulent diseases. The overarching goal of the stress-resilient maize program has been to achieve yield potential with a downside risk reduction.

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Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-271-278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 271-278

Author(s):

Yuri Chendev ◽

Maria Lebedeva ◽

Olga Krymskaya ◽

Maria Petina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Winter Period ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Climate Services ◽

Climate Risks ◽

Weather And Climate ◽

The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

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Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10357

Author(s):

Maria Hällfors ◽

Susanna Lehvävirta ◽

Tone Aandahl ◽

Iida-Maria Lehtimäki ◽

Lars Ola Nilsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Reciprocal Translocation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Weather Data ◽

Current Range ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The North ◽

Translocation Experiments ◽

Set Up ◽

Measures Of Performance

Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species’ climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.

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ANALYSIS OF THE “PRECIPITATION – SOIL – DRAINAGE” SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA

Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems ◽

10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-205-226 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I. B. Uskov ◽

◽

K. G. Moiseyev ◽

M. V. Nikolaev ◽

O. V. Kononenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soil Drainage ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

North West ◽

Term Operation ◽

The North ◽

Precipitation Regimes

Purpose: to analyze the soil-climatic and anthropogenic reasons of decreasing drainage efficiency of closed pottery tubular drainage on the reclaimed lands of the North-West of Russia under the observed local weather conditions against the background of global climate changes. Materials and methods. The objects of research are seasonal precipitation regimes, reclaimed lands and drainage systems of closed tubular drainage. The methods of applied mathematical statistics, the ensemble method of processing and generalization of climate forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modernized by the authors were used in research. Monitoring data on changes in the physical properties of soils of reclaimed lands during their long-term operation were obtained using laboratory agrophysical methods for studying samples taken in the field. Results. It is shown that under the conditions of the observed climatic changes, the frequency, intensity and extremeness of atmospheric precipitation are increased. Long-term exploitation of lands with a leaching drainage regime is accompanied by changes in the hydrophysical properties of soils, for example, the coefficient of heterogeneity of the subsurface horizons of soils texture of automorphic genesis decreased from 26 to 6. The system “precipitation – soil – drainage” in climatically abnormal weather conditions exceeding the initial calculated precipitation level mode by 10–20 %, is unable to ensure the removal of excess moisture from the root layer. Conclusions: when creating and reconstructing such reclamation drainage systems it is recommended to take into account the tendencies of changes in the spatial-temporal statistical structure of precipitation and to design technologies for regulating the water regime with systems for intercepting and diverting surface runoff on such reclaimed lands.

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Water consumption and irrigation regime of seed alfalfa under the conditions of regional climate change in the southern Steppe of Ukraine

Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник Меліорація і водне господарство ◽

10.31073/mivg202101-272 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-66

Author(s):

S. P. Holoborodko ◽

O. M. Dymov

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Regional Climate Change ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

Chestnut Soils

The article presents the results of scientific research to specify the seed productivity of alfalfa grown on irrigated and rainfed lands of the southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is proved that obtaining stably high yields of conditioned alfalfa seeds under the conditions of regional climate change is possible only providing an optimal supply of productive moisture in the soil, since in recent years the crop has been grown under high temperature conditions and insufficient precipitation. It was established that irrigation of seed alfalfa throughout the growing season regardless of cultivar and mowing, should be conducted in two interphase periods: "the beginning of regrowth (shoots) – early budding" and "the beginning of budding – beginning of flowering". In the first interphase period, it is necessary to create conditions for optimal growth and development of plants that is achieved by maintaining the level of pre-irrigation humidity in 0-100 cm layer in the range of 70-75% MMHC on dark chestnut soils and 55-60% – on sandy loam chernozems. In the second interphase period, it is necessary to provide optimal conditions for the development of production processes and the formation of conditioned seed yields that is achieved by inhibiting growth processes, since alfalfa tends to grow up. Therefore, the level of pre-irrigation humidity of the calculated layer on medium and heavy loamy soils should be maintained within 60-65% MMHC and 45-50% MMHC – on sandy loam chernozems. The analysis of changes in natural and climatic conditions carried out over the past years shows that in the subzone of the southern Steppe, alfalfa cultivation for seeds is possible only by providing the developed irrigated agriculture. Getting the deficit of natural moisture solved, combined with high availability of heat resources and fertile dark‑chestnut soils and southern chernozems, is an objective natural prerequisite for further growth of seed productivity of alfalfa and reducing its dependence on extreme weather conditions and, above all, in medium‑dry (75%) and dry (95%) precipitation years.

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The effect of human influence on wet and dry European summers

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3110 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nikolaos Christidis ◽

Peter Stott

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Rainfall Variability ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Human Influence ◽

The North ◽

Detection And Attribution ◽

Standardised Precipitation Index ◽

Dry Conditions

As the climate becomes warmer under the influence of anthropogenic forcings, increases in the concentration of the atmospheric water vapour may lead to an intensification of wet and dry extremes. Understanding regional hydroclimatic changes can provide actionable information to help communities adapt to impacts specific to their location. This study employs an ensemble of 9 CMIP6 models and compares experiments with and without the effect of human influence using detection and attribution methodologies. The analysis employs two popular drought indices: the rainfall-based standardised precipitation index (SPI), and its extension, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), which also accounts for changes in potential evapotranspiration. Both indices are defined relative to the pre-industrial climate, which enables a comparison between past, present and future climatic conditions. Potential evapotranspiration is computed with the simple, temperature-based, Thornthwaite formula. The latter has been criticised for omitting the influences of radiation, humidity and wind, but has been shown to yield very similar trends, spatial averages and correlations with more sophisticated models. It is therefore deemed to be adequate in studies assessing the broader overall effect of climate change, which are more concerned with wet and dry trends and changes in characteristics of extremes rather than the precise estimation of drought index values. The rainfall-based index suggests a shift towards wetter conditions in the north and dryer in the south of the continent, as well as an overall increase in variability. Nevertheless, when the temperature effect is included, the wet trends in the north are largely masked leading to increasingly drier summers across most of the continent. A formal statistical methodology indicates that the fingerprint of forced climate change has emerged above variability and is thus detectable in the observational trends of both indices. A broadening of the SPI distribution also suggests higher rainfall variability in a warmer climate. The study demonstrates a striking drying trend in the Mediterranean region, suggesting that what were extremely dry conditions there in the pre-industrial climate may become normal by the end of the century.

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Climate Change, Global Warming, and Agricultural Droughts

Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0046 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Gennady V. Menzhulin ◽

Sergey P. Savvateyev

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Human Activities ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Spatial Variations ◽

Geological Time ◽

The Earth

The climate of a region is a representation of long-term weather conditions that prevail there. Over the millions of years of the existence of the atmosphere on the earth, the climate has changed all the time; ice ages have come and gone, and this has been the result of natural causes. Recently (on geological time scales) the human population has expanded—from half a billion in 1600, to 1 billion in 1800, to almost 3 billion in 1940, and it now stands at about 6 billion. The climate may well now be influenced not only as before by natural events but also by human activities. For example, we are producing vast amounts of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels, and this is causing the temperature of the earth to rise significantly. If we argue that we should control our activities to preserve this planet as a habitable environment for future generations, we need to have some scientific knowledge of the effects of our present activities on climate. In recent years the evidence has been accumulating that on the time scale of decades there is global warming (i.e., the global annual mean surface temperature is increasing). There is also evidence accumulating that part of this increase is a consequence of human activities. The evidence is largely statistical. Within this trend there are bound to be temporal fluctuations and spatial variations. Moreover, in addition to the increase in temperature, it is reasonable to assume that there is, overall, an increase in evaporation of water from the surface of the earth and that there will be a consequent increase in precipitation. But within this overall scenario there are bound to be local variations; some areas may experience more precipitation, but some areas may experience less precipitation. The effect of climate change on the proneness to drought is therefore not uniform but can be expected to vary from place to place. Therefore, whether one is concerned with considering the relation between climate and proneness to drought from the historical evidence or whether one is trying to use models to predict the effect of future climatic conditions, it is necessary to consider the local spatial variations.

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Implications of climate change on long-lead forecasting and global agriculture

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06104 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 939 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raymond P. Motha

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Enso Cycle ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

Global Circulation Models ◽

The North

Variations in crop yields and agricultural productivity are strongly influenced by fluctuations in seasonal weather conditions during the growing season. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, and other similar ocean/atmosphere teleconnections in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, contribute to extreme weather events and climatic variability. As seasonal forecasting skills improve with greater knowledge of these teleconnections and improved Global Circulation Models (GCMs), farmers and agricultural planners will be able to make better use of long-lead forecasts for strategic decisions in agriculture. Issues related to climate variability and climate change pose significant risks to agriculture as the frequency of natural disasters tends to increase worldwide.

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Functional responses of recently emerged seedlings of an endemic Mexican oak (Quercus eduardii) under climate change conditions

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1988 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Ernesto I. Badano ◽

Francisco A. Guerra-Coss ◽

Sandra M. Gelviz-Gelvez ◽

Joel Flores ◽

Pablo Delgado-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Functional Responses ◽

Climate Change Simulation ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

Background: Climate change will increase temperature and reduce rainfall across temperate forests of Mexico. This can alter tree establishment dynamics within forest and in neighbouring man-made clearings.Hypotheses: Climate change will reduce emergence and survival of tree seedlings, and surviving plants will display functional responses matching with these changes. These effects should be more noticeable in clearings due to the lack of canopy cover.Studied species: Quercus eduardii (Fagaceae, section Lobatae) an oak species endemic to Mexico.Study site and years of study: Tree growing season 2015-2016 (rainy season) in a mature oak forest and a neighbouring clearing in Sierra de Álvarez, state of San Luis Potosí.Methods: In both habitats, we established control plots (under current climatic conditions) and climate change simulation plots (increased temperature and reduced rainfall). At the beginning of the growing season, we sowed acorns of Q. eduardii in these plots and monitored the emergence, survival and growth of seedlings. At the end of the growing season, we assessed functional responses on surviving seedlings.Results: Seedling emergence and survival were lower in climate change plots from both habitats. However, differences in survival between climate treatments were larger within the forest. Seedlings from climate change plots displayed functional responses indicating higher levels of thermal and water stress.Conclusions: This study indicates that climate change will constrain tree recruitment in Mexican oak forests. However, contrary to our expectations, it seems that these effects will be higher within forests than in man-made clearings.

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