scholarly journals Використання мікроелементного препарату «Аватар» за вирощування ячменю ярого в польовій сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
О. В. Мороз ◽  
В. М. Смірних ◽  
І. Г. Новоселецький ◽  
О. Г. Кусков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Spraying Plants

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу використання мікроелементного препарату «Аватар», що застосовувався для обробки насіння ячменю ярого і під час вегетації рослин культури, на поширення хвороб ячменю та врожайність зерна. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах південно-східного Лісостепу України в польовій сівозміні використання мікроелементного препарату «Аватар» для дворазового позакореневого підживлення рослин ячменю ярого під час вегетації, навіть за несприятливих агрометеорологічних умов (підвищена температура повітря, відсутність достатньої кількості опадів), сприяло одержанню врожайності зерна досліджуваної культури у межах 4,26–4,84 т/га. Обробка насіння протруйником «Авіценна» (0,4 л/т) і мікроелементним препаратом «Аватар» (300 мл/т) + два обприскування рослин під час вегетації «Аватаром» (200 мл/га) забезпечили найнижчу інтенсивність розвитку гельмінтоспоріозної смугастої плямистості на рослинах ячменю ярого – 10,5%, що обумовлено кращим розвитком рослин досліджуваної культури і більшою їх стійкістю проти хвороби. Після обробки насіння протруйником «Авіценна» (0,4 л/т) із наступними двома обприскуваннями рослин під час вегетації «Аватаром» (200 мл/га) ураження рослин ячменю ярого кореневими гнилями виявилось найменшим, зокрема, поширення й інтенсивність розвитку хвороби становили 0,3 і 0,1 % відповідно. In the zone of insufficient humidification, characterized by a sharp lack of atmospheric precipitation and soil moisture, the use of the micronutrient drug «Avatar» for the cultivation of various crops remains open, relevant and requires more systematic study. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of using the micronutrient drug «Avatar», which was used for the treatment of spring barley seeds and during vegetation of crops, on the spread of barley diseases and grain yield. Field studies were conducted in the production experiment of the Veselopodil experimental and breeding station at the Institute of Bioenergetic Cultures and Sugar Beet at the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Semenivka district, Poltava region) during 2017 in long-term field crop rotation. As a result of field studies, it was found that in the zone of insufficient humidification in the conditions of the South-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in field crop rotation, the use of the microelement preparation «Avatar» for two-fold extra-root feeding of spring barley plants during vegetation, even under unfavorable agro-meteorological conditions (elevated temperature regime, absence a sufficient amount of precipitation), contributed to the yield of grain yield of the studied crop in the range of 4.26–4.84 t/ha. The treatment of seeds by Avicenna (0.4 l/ton) and the microelement drug «Avatar» (300 ml/t) + two spraying plants during the «Avatar» (200 ml/ha) growth provided the lowest intensity of helminthosporia strain spotting on barley plants bright – 10.5 %, which is due to the best development of plants of the studied culture and their greatest resistance to the disease.

POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

scholarly journals Agriculture biologization levels in cultivation of spring barley in forest steppe of middle Volga

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00074
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Bakaeva ◽  
Olga L. Saltykova ◽  
Maksim S. Prikazchikov
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Different Levels

The paper considers different levels of biologization in agriculture as provided by crop rotation with different fallow types with placement of fertilizers at a level of 40 t/ha, basic soil treatment, leaving straw in the field for all crops of five-field crop rotation and application of mineral fertilizers. High barley yields were obtained through the years of the study. Correlation analysis revealed a direct dependence between total biogenesity of soil and grain yield, which is fully actualized depending on meteorological conditions, varietydependent peculiarities of Povolzhsky 85 barley and agricultural processes applied aimed at increasing biologization of agriculture and protecting soil fertility.

scholarly journals POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of potassium-deficient fertilizer system in the field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans) on podzolic heavy loam black earth of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on potassium content in plants, its costs for formation of one unit of the harvest was determined; potassium balance was calculated and the effectiveness of different doses of potassium fertilizers was comprehensively assessed. It was found that the potassium content in grains and seeds of agricultural crops under the influence of potassium fertilizers varies by no more than 8%, while in straw and stalks - by 10-24% depending on the variant of the experiment. It is shown that the non-grain part of the crop contains a significant part of potassium - 50-80% of economic removal depending on the crop. It is calculated that if it is left in the field for fertilizer in the variant of the experiment Basis + K80, it compensates for the consumption of potassium by 71%. By applying K40 and K80on the basis of applying N110P60 and leaving the non-commodity part of the crop in the field for fertilizer, the balance of potassium in the soil is formed positive with intensity of 111 and 212%, respectively. According to the index of complex assessment, which takes into account seven indicators: payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers; additionally conditionally net profit; net energy profit; humus balance and intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance, the best variant of the experiment is application of N110P60K40 per 1 ha of field crop rotation area. This indicates the possibility of a temporary reduction in the dose of potassium fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolic heavyloam black earth in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

EFFICIENCY OF BIOMODIFIED MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE CHERNOZEM REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pure Steam

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.

The balance of nitrogen in soils of field crop rotation when a 50-year application of fertilizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
G . M. Hospodarenko ◽  
O. D. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Field Rotation

The results of studies conducted in long-term stationary field experiments Department of Agricultural Chem­ istry and Soil Science at podzolic heavy clayloam chernozem of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine on the effect of different rates of fertilizer and systems including the biological direction, in the direction of the main nutrients and balance in crop rotation. It is found that the removal of nitrogen in field crop rotation depending on the doses of fertilizers were 82,4–136.2 kg/ha at the stem in the control variant without fertilizers – 63,5 kg/ha. Found that the saturation of crop rotation with clover and peas the minimum optimal rate of nitrogen balance is formed during the introduction on 1 hectare square field rotation N45P45K45 or manure 4,5 t/ha + N23P34K18 with intensity respectively 75 and 70 %. In the application of organic fertilizers system, depending on the doses of manure, he had the allowable deficit and its intensity was 77–88 %. A balanced nitrogen balance is formed when you make N 90-135Р90-135К90-135 and manure 13.5 t/ha + N68Р101К54 on an area of 1 ha, respectively, with the intensity of the 115, 123 and 116 %.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of siderates on the biological properties of podzolized chernozem in the link of field crop rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Chulkov ◽  
T. Chapalda
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Green Mass

Abstract. The purpose is to study the effect of various siderates on the biological properties and yield of spring barley. Methods. Тhe experiment was carried out on podzolized chernozem in 2017–2018 in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Urals. The green mass of the siderates was taken into account manually, and barley grain by combine was carried out. Soil moisture was determined by the thermostatic-weight method. The number and mass of earthworms were determined from the registered area. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of linen cloths. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effect of various siderates on the yield of spring barley and the microbiological activity of the soil, the number and mass of earthworms was compared on podzolized chernozem. Results. The effect of various siderates: peas + oats, winter rye, spring rapeseed, white mustard, fodder beans on the microbiological activity of the soil, the number of earthworms and the yield of spring barley in the link of the field crop rotation – sideral steam – spring barley was studied. The largest green mass of green manure was plowed into the soil in the following variants: fodder beans (41.2 t/ha) and peas + oats (36.4 t/ha). In the variant with the planting of fodder beans, the highest microbiological activity of the soil was observed (71 %). Studies of the number of earthworms showed that their number was 24 % higher in the mustard variant compared to the control. However, the mass of the soil they processed in the peas + oats variant (138 g/m2) was maximum and exceeded the mass in other versions by 11–27 g/m2. The highest yield of barley was also obtained in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans – 2.87 t/ha, which is 0.26–0.69 t/ha higher than the rest. Increasing the microbiological activity of the soil in the variant with the incorporation of feed beans increased the yield of barley. The increase in the plowed green mass in the variants did not affect the increase in the number and weight of earthworms.

scholarly journals The yield of sugar beet in constant sowing and crop rotation

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Hlushchenko ◽  
R. V. Olepir ◽  
O. I. Len ◽  
O. A. Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Crop

Purpose. To determine the long-term effect of a complex of factors (anthropogenic and natural) on the productivity of sugar beet for a significant period and the level of pest reproduction. Study of short crop rotations. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The uneven distribution of precipitation during the sugar beet growing season has differently affected the efficiency of fertilizer systems and, as a consequence, the growth, development of plants and the yield of root crops. Yield of sugar beets at constant sowing on average for five years was dynamic, but its highest productivity, regardless of the fertilizer system, was in the first years of research, from 29.7 to 39.1 t/ha (on average for 1978–1982). Further cultivation in monoculture has led to yield reduction. The highest yield of sugar per hectare was also observed in the first five years, and varied in different fertilizer treatments from 4.67 to 6.22 t/ha. The lowest yield was in 1988–1992 and 1998–2002, 2.71 to 4.42 t/ha and 2.23 to 4.53 t/ha, respectively. Sugar beet yield in crop rotation was influenced by both forecrop and aftercrop. On average, during the years of research (2011–2019), the highest yield (43.0 t/ha) was obtained in the three-field crop rotation winter wheat — spring barley — sugar beet, while the lowest (41.8 t/ha) in the crop rotation sunflower — winter wheat — sugar beet, slightly higher in the four-field crop rotation soybean — winter wheat — sugar beet — corn (42.3 t/ha). The yield of sugar during continuous sowing, on average during the study period, was 3.5–5.1 t/ha, while in crop rotation it was 7.7–8.3 t/ha. According to the results of the survey of crops in the cotyledon phase, it was found that in unchanged sowing the density of common beet weevil (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ) is quite high, 8.8 beetles/m2 (average for 2006–2008) and exceeds the harmfulness threshold (0.2–0.3 beetless/m2) several times. At this density, the damage to plant seedlings was significant. Conclusions. The yield of sugar beet is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Of the anthropogenic, in addition to fertilizers, it is important to adhere to scientifically sound crop rotation. Long-term stationary studies have shown that the cultivation of sugar beet in monoculture leads to a gradual and stable decrease in yield and, consequently, the yield of sugar per hectare. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase yields, but not significantly. In addition to weather conditions, the yield of sugar beet in crop rotation is influenced by forecrop and aftercrop. In the studied crop rotations, the lowest yield was obtained in the crop rotation where the forecrop of beets was sunflower, and the largest yield was obtained with legumes. Observance of crop rotation affects the phytosanitary condition of sowing; therefore, in monoculture, the density of common beet weevil is much higher than threshold, which leads to additional costs.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

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