scholarly journals Особливості розмноження шкідників пшениці озимої при ресурсоощадних системах застосування добрив у Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
В. В. Сахненко ◽  
Д. В. Сахненко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Short Rotation

Узагальнено особливості формувань чисельності шкідників при застосуванні сумішей добрив і засобів захисту рослин на посівах пшениці озимої. Уточнено біологію, поширення, розвиток, еколого-економічне значення шкідників у технологіях вирощування зернових культур і рекомендовані заходи щодо оптимального застосування профілактичних і спеціальних захисних заходів від шкідників у короткоротаційних польових сівозмінах. Теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально підтверджено закономірності формувань енотмокомплексів при сучасному застосуванні рідких форм добрив, зокрема карбамідно-аміачної суміші (КАС) і засобів захисту рослин. The article generalizes the features of the formation of pest numbers when using mixtures of fertilizers and plant protection products on winter wheat crops. The specified biology, distribution, development, ecological and economic importance of pests in technologies of growing grain crops and recommended measures for the optimal use of preventive and special protective measures against pests in short-rotation field crop rotations. The regularities of the formation of enotmocomplexes in the modern application of liquid forms of fertilizers, in particular the carbamide-ammonium mixture of CAS and plant protection products, are theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The use of modern liquid forms of fertilizers KAS, 32 % and plant protection products for the cultivation of winter wheat and other cereals in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine remains at a relatively low level: imperfection of technology, adverse climatic conditions, various stresses do not allow realizing the potential of crop productivity. The rationale for the effectiveness of such mixtures for breeding and the number of pests in modern technologies for growing crops deserves special attention in terms of optimizing the phytosanitary state of grain crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that the best conditions for the formation of the winter wheat seed crop are created by applying fertilizers at a dose of H90 P40 and integrated plant protection. With high soil moisture and protection of plants from the pest complex, the tank mixtures are crushed, including at low moisture reserves and without plant protection, single and fragmented application of mineral fertilizers provide practically the same yield of winter wheat seeds. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to improve the effectiveness of plant protection products in mixtures of rare forms of fertilizers with the determination of their effect on the dynamics of numbers and reproduction of pests of grain crops in modern crop rotation of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

scholarly journals Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
O. Markovska ◽  
T. Hrechyshkina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Agrarian science has faced the problem of is the humanity provision with food, the major part of which is provided by grain crops. Winter wheat the most fully uses the existing bioclimatic potential of the Ukrainian regions. The highest productivity of this crop can be obtained with the use of modern adapted varieties with high genetic potential of productivity taking into account the soil-climatic conditions of the zone, improvement and development of highly effi cient, scientifi cally grounded systems of nutrition and plants protection against harmful organisms. The article presents the results of the research conducted in 2017–2019 on dark brown medium-loam low-saline soils under the conditions of the experimental fi eld of State Enterprise Experimental Farm “Kopani” of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS of Bilozersky district of Kherson region. The infl uence of varietal characteristics, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer system, biological and chemical methods of disease protection on the productivity of winter wheat plants was investigated. The fi eld, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the experiment according to the generally accepted methods and guidelines in Ukraine. It was found out that the highest level of productivity was formed by wheat plants of Maria winter variety on the background of application of pre-sowing cultivation of mineral fertilizers at a N30P30 dose with the use of foliar fertilization with organic-mineral fertilizer ROST, solution (2.0 l/ha) at the beginning of the restoration of spring vegetation and in a stage of the fl ag leaf and chemical protection of plants using fungicide – Colossal, emulsion concentrate (1.0 l/ha). Thus, on average during the years of research, the grain yield in this variant was 4.96 t/ha, the number of productive stems – 411 pieces/m2, the number of grains in the ear – 27.6 pieces, the mass of 1000 grains – 51.5g. When using the chemical method of protection to control dark brown spotting (Drechslera sorociniana Subram) of winter wheat, the rate of development of the disease ranged 2.0–3.1 %, and the eff ectiveness ranged 83.1 – 89.4 %. Key words: fertilizers, biologicals, fungicide, yield, foliar feeding, plant protection.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition and yield of winter wheat in crop rotations of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
A. L. Toygildin ◽  
M. I. Podsevalov ◽  
I. A. Toygildina ◽  
V. N. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region, winter wheat occupies the largest area among grain crops, which is associated with its relatively high productivity, economic efficiency and the ability to unload the peaks of field work in the spring. Winter wheat makes fuller use of the bioclimatic potential of productivity, especially in the arid conditions of the region. Despite the fact that the adaptive-integrated approach to the joint use of agricultural techniques and chemicalization means when growing grain crops provides significant and stable yield increases, they require regular study to adjust agricultural technologies. The article presents the results of 3-year studies in a stationary field experiment to assess the influence of predecessors, methods of basic soil cultivation and plant protection on the spread of diseases and weeds, as well as on the yield of winter wheat. Studies have shown that the placement of winter wheat after clean fallow helps to reduce the infestation of crops, and after cruciferous predecessors (white mustard, spring rape)— the spread of root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Helmintosporium sativum)) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Winter wheat yield after different predecessors varied from 5.16 t/ha for pure fallow to 3.77–4.04 t/ha after nonfallow predecessors with a significant increase in adaptive-integrated plant protection by 0.37 t/ha (9.2%) and insignificant — for combined tillage in crop rotation — by 0.19 t/ha (4.6%).

scholarly journals Екологічна експертиза технологій вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах північного Лісостепу

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
О. В. Тогачинська ◽  
І. В. Паращенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
By Products ◽  
Generative Organs

Висвітлено результати екологічної експертизи технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у північному Лісостепу за впливом на процеси міграції міді в генетичних горизонтах темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту та накопичення її у веґетативних і генеративних органах рослин. Результати екотоксикологічних досліджень дали змогу виявити, що мінеральна система удобрення та інтенсивний захист рослин можуть бути причиною нагромадження потенційно небезпечних шкідливих речовин у верхніх горизонтах ґрунту, а також сприяти їх міграції вниз за ґрунтовим профілем і створювати потенційну загрозу забруднення ґрунтових вод. The research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Agroecology of the UAAS and the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of UAAS». Winter wheat variety – Lada Odes’ka. The soil of the experimental field is dark gray podzolized. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of fertilizer variants against the background of the minimal and intensive system of plant protection: control (without fertilizers), N60N30, P135K135 + N80 + N55, by-products, P90K90 + N60 + N30. The results of ecological examination of technologies of winter wheat growing in the Northern Forest-Steppe for the influence on the processes of copper migration in the genetic horizons of dark gray podzolized soil and its accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of plants are highlighted. The results of ecotoxicological studies have revealed that the mineral fertilizer system and intensive plant protection can cause the accumulation of potentially hazardous substances in the upper horizons of the soil. As well as promote their migration down the soil profile and create a potential threat to groundwater contamination. It was established that under the influence of mineral fertilizers (P135K135 + N80 + N55, P90K90N60 + N30, N45P45K45) intensive protection was carried out more active accumulation of potentially dangerous substances by vegetative (stem, leaves) by the organs of wheat. The use of by-products led to a decrease in the activity of these processes. Fertilizer systems, and especially plant protection, have had a significant impact on the redistribution of harmful substances between vegetative and generative organs of wheat. The amount of copper in winter wheat grains with intensive plant protection increased significantly. Prospects for scientific work in the future will be aimed at studying the influence of the transition of the transition of nickel, zinc from the soil into vegetative and generative organs of winter wheat and conducting an environmental assessment of technologies for growing winter wheat according to toxicological indicators.

scholarly journals Integrated protection of winter wheat from a complex of harmful causes in european non-chernozem region of the RF

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Yu. Ya. Spiridonov ◽  
A. Т. Kalimullin ◽  
L. D. Protasova ◽  
V. A. Abubikerov ◽  
I. Yu. Spiridonova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Effi Ciency

The results of many years of research on the effectiveness of the integrated use of crop protection means and fertilizers with the application of various tillage systems for cultivation of winter wheat of Moskovskaya variety 39 are presented. The studies were conducted in the European nonchernozem soil of Moscow Region on sod-podzolic medium loamy medium-cultivated soil. It was shown that weeds are mainly represented by broadleaved species with an amount of 270 to 370 pcs/ m2. Among pests, cereal aphids and capsid bugs dominate. Among diseases, Helminthosporium and Fusarium root rot (up to 30–40%) and aerogenic infections – brown leaf rust (15-28%) and leaf spot (17-25%) were noted. Studies showed high individual effectiveness in eliminating harmful causes by using appropriate means of protection – seed disinfectants, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Weed infestation decreased by 78-85%, root rot development – by 78-81, leaf diseases – by 91-98, pests – by 78-100%. At the same time, the weak effectiveness of the Alto-super fungicide against Septoria and Karate insecticide against wheat thrips was noted. The effect of protective measures on the stored crop was as follows: seed disinfectants – 18%, insecticides – 21, herbicides – 39, fungicides – 22%. The highest economic effect was obtained with the integrated use of plant protection products – up to 1.07 t / ha of grain. At the same time, the quality of grain, content of protein and gluten, and grain class increased. The economic effi ciency of the integrated protection system ranged from 4.7 to 8.1 roubles for each rouble spent. The best result in terms of economic effi ciency was obtained with moldboard tillage and the use of a full dose of NPK90 mineral fertilizers and a full integrated protection scheme.

scholarly journals Protection of grain crops with herbicide Secator Plus, MD

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
S. V. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Active Substances

The natural and climatic conditions of Belarusare favorable for development of over 300 species of weeds. Currently, perennial, wintering, winter and spring weeds dominate among grain crops. When grain crops are infested with both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds, herbicides containing several active substances are efficient. One of such promising herbicides is the new herbicide Secator Plus, MD(2.4 acid, 433 g/l + iodosulfuron, 62.5 g/l + amidosulfuron, 25 g/l + mefenpyr /antidote/, 62.5 g/l). This herbicide used at the rate of 0.3-0.5 l/ha for winter grain crops provided high biological efficiency against the dominant annual and some perennial dicotyledonous weeds (80–100% loss): Chenopodium album L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Tripleurospermum inodorum Sch.-Bip., Galium aparine L., Sonchus arvensis L., etc. In the studied crops, reliable increases in preserved grain yield were obtained. Economic benefit: the net income in winter wheat crops amounted to 60.0-90.0 dollars/ha, winter triticale 35.5-43.7 dollars/ha, and spring wheat 159.9-212.3 dollars/ha. Based on the research results, the herbicide Secator Plus, MD is registered in the State Register of Plant Protection Products (pesticides) and fertilizers permitted for use on the territory of theRepublic ofBelarus. The research results are of interest in the field of herbology, since they reveal the mechanisms of interaction of various active substances in herbicide, show possibilities of its widespread use in agriculture.

Myrtillocactus geometrizans fruit plant stimulated with Effective microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 025-032
Author(s):  
Domenico Prisa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Growing Medium

The aim of this work is to develop an innovative technology for the cultivation of Myrtillocactus geometrizans, introducing the use of Effective microorganisms and at the same time, limiting the use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and improving the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of garambullos for consumption and processing. The trial showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed on Myrtillocactus geometrizans plants treated with Effective microorganisms. In particular, there was an increase in plant height and circumference, vegetative and root weight, number of flowers and fruits, number and length of thornes in plants treated with microorganisms. In addition, the use of EM microorganisms showed a significant increase in total betalains, ascorbic acid, phenols and total flavonoids in garambullos. It was important to underline how the use of Effective microorganisms guaranteed, despite the reduction of irrigation and fertilisation by 50% in the growing medium, the same results in terms of agronomic parameters and fruit production and quality as the control with irrigation and fertilisation under optimal conditions. The application of Effective microorganisms in agricultural processing can therefore guarantee higher production standards, with a possible reduction in costs fertilizer and water. Particularly for those farms that want to focus on the production of ornamental and fruit cacti. Fruits obtained from growing plants treated with Effective microorganisms have a high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential, which is very important especially in this age where food is also a medicine.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS GINSENGIHUMI M2.11 AND PANTOEA BRENNERI AS3 ON PLANT BIOMASS GROWTH AND SEED GERMINATION ENERGY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
D.L. Itkina ◽  
◽  
L.V. Sokolnikova ◽  
A.D. Suleimanova ◽  
M.R. Sharipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Metabolites

In the modern conditions of agricultural development, the use of microbiological preparations as an alternative to mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is gaining wide interest and practical significance. Soil microorganisms have the ability to interact with the root system of plants, optimize mineral nutrition, synthesize growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of cultivated crops, increasing their resistance to phytopathogens and stress. The search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and active metabolites of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains that promote plant growth is a promising direction. The effect of culture fluid of Bacillus ginsengihumi and Pantoea brenneri on the average length of the plant stem was studied. When processing wheat seeds of P. brenner AS3, the length of the first leaf increased by 50%, and B. ginsengihumi M2.11 by 25%.

scholarly journals Zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Means Of Production ◽  
The Given ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Ward Method ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Means Of Production

Currently, agricultural means of production are of great importance in agribusiness, in particular mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The article attempts to present and compare changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products in European Union countries in 2010-2018. Changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA and changes in the share of these means of production in intermediate consumption were examined. It was found that the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA increased on average in the EU. Their share in intermediate consumption also increased. As a result of grouping objects using the Ward method, 4 clusters of countries were obtained, which differed in terms of the proposed features, while the countries that created the given cluster were characterized by similar values of variables. The countries where both a clear increase in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per unit area as well as a significant increase in their value in intermediate consumption were observed: Lithuania, Bulgaria and Estonia. However, a decline in demand for the discussed means of production occurred in Belgium, Croatia, Slovenia, Denmark, Finland and Portugal.

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

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