Metabolic syndrome_ the presence of inflammatory mechanisms in abdominal obesity is undeniable, gene therapy using nanoparticles and adenoviruses technologies is promising.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nox Family ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVDs) MetS affects about 34% of individuals in the United States. Thepresence of inflammatory mechanisms in abdominal obesity is undeniable. Thisindicates that the immune system has been activated, most likely as a result ofthe activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) PRRs are located ininnate immune cells and are responsible for detecting viral diseases in the body.PRRs (TLRs and NLRs) are thought to play a part in the pathophysiology ofMetS, and targeting TLR4 receptors has been shown to assist with chronicconditions. Gene polymorphisms in humans have unexplained origins andeffects. The main contributor to MetS problems caused by inflammasome 22 isthe alteration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into their bioactive forms. TheFood and Drug Administration has approved statins for lowering LDLcholesterol. In human atherosclerotic lesions, TLR1, TLR2, and TLRR4 levelsare the most common, and they mediate insulin resistance, which is at the heartof MetS 8. Hypertension is a MetS comorbidity that has a strong connection toTLR signaling.The majority of chronic cardiovascular disorders are multifactorial, with manygenetic and environmental factors at play. Adenoviruses can be used to producegene therapy using nanoparticle technology. Cell proliferation, organogenesis,and metabolic function have also been shown to be influenced by peptides andmicropeptides. Metallic, ceramic, and non-metal lattices have recently showngood proof-of-concept in targeted cancer therapy and are gaining acceptance incardiovascular medicine. Because of the docking of subunits and regulatorypeptides, the NOX family of enzymes may be a candidate for peptide therapies.The term "nanoparticle" encompasses a broad range of nanoscale structures.

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽  
Milan Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

scholarly journals The Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for CLTI: Improving Inter-Observer Agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Joep G. J. Wijnand ◽  
Devin Zarkowsky ◽  
Bian Wu ◽  
Steven T. W. van Haelst ◽  
Evert-Jan P. A. Vonken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staging System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Stenosis Severity

Objective: The 2020 Global Vascular Guidelines aim at improving decision making in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) by providing a framework for evidence-based revascularization. Herein, the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) serves to estimate the chance of success and patency of arterial pathway revascularization based on the extent and distribution of the atherosclerotic lesions. We report the preliminary feasibility results and observer variability of the GLASS. GLASS is a part of the new global guideline and posed as a promising additional tool for EBR strategies to predict the success of lower extremity arterial revascularization. This study reports on the consistency of GLASS scoring to maximize inter-observer agreement and facilitate its application. Methods: GLASS separately scores the femoropopliteal (FP) and infrapopliteal (IP) segment based on stenosis severity, lesion length and the extent of calcification within the target artery pathway (TAP). In our stepwise approach, we used two angiographic datasets. Each following step was based on the lessons learned from the previous step. The primary outcome was inter-observer agreement measured as Cohen’s Kappa, scored by two (step 1 + 2) and four (step 3) blinded and experienced observers, respectively. Steps 1 (n = 139) and 2 (n = 50) were executed within a dataset of a Dutch interventional RCT in CLTI. Step 3 (n = 100) was performed in randomly selected all-comer CLTI patients from two vascular centers in the United States. Results: In step 1, kappa values were 0.346 (FP) and 0.180 (IP). In step 2, applied in the same dataset, the use of other experienced observers and a provided TAP, resulted in similar low kappa values 0.406 (FP) and 0.089 (IP). Subsequently, in step 3, the formation of an altered stepwise approach using component scoring, such as separate scoring of calcification and adding a ruler to the images resulted in kappa values increasing to 0.796 (FP) and 0.730 (IP). Conclusion: This retrospective GLASS validation study revealed low inter-observer agreement for unconditioned scoring. A stepwise component scoring provides acceptable agreement and a solid base for further prospective validation studies to investigate how GLASS relates to treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals The Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Sauna Exposure in Individuals with High-Stress Occupations. A Mechanistic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Kaemmer N. Henderson ◽  
Lauren G. Killen ◽  
Eric K. O’Neal ◽  
Hunter S. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sauna Bathing

Components of the metabolic syndrome (i.e., hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, atherosclerosis) are a leading cause of death in the United States and result in low-grade chronic inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and the eventual development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). High-stress occupations (HSO: firefighters, police, military personnel, first responders, etc.) increase the risk of developing CMD because they expose individuals to chronic and multiple stressors (i.e., sleep deprivation, poor nutrition habits, lack of physical activity, psychological stress). Interestingly, heat exposure and, more specifically, sauna bathing have been shown to improve multiple markers of CMD, potentially acting as hormetic stressors, at the cellular level and in the whole organism. Therefore, sauna bathing might be a practical and alternative intervention for disease prevention for individuals with HSO. The purpose of this review is to detail the mechanisms and pathways involved in the response to both acute and chronic sauna bathing and collectively present sauna bathing as a potential treatment, in addition to current standard of care, for mitigating CMD to both clinicians and individuals serving in HSO.

scholarly journals Beyond Religiosity: A Model to Explain Spirituality Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
Carlyn Vogel ◽  
Debra Dobbs ◽  
Brent Small
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
College Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Deep Appreciation ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

Abstract Spirituality is difficult to define as researchers assign it different meanings and individuals’ perceptions can vary. For example, spirituality may connect to religiosity, while others consider religiosity a less significant part of spirituality. This study investigates factors outside of religiosity that are significantly associated with spirituality to inform the characteristics of the concept. Webster’s (2004) existential framework of spirituality was used to guide variable selection. The National Survey of Midlife in the United States wave three (MIDUS 3; 2013-2014; n = 2,594; Mage = 63.5, SD = 11, range = 39–92) was used to examine individuals’ reported levels of spirituality. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine factors related to low and high levels of spirituality compared to a moderate level. Participants with low spirituality were more likely to be male, less likely to be mindful, mediate/chant, feel a strong connection to all life, to indicate that they cannot make sense of the world, and to be religious. Participants with high spirituality were more likely to be female, have at least some college experience, be mindful, meditate/chant, feel deep inner peace, have a sense of deep appreciation, think that a sense of purpose is important for a good life, and have a high level of religiosity. Framed by Webster’s conceptual model, the current study observed that religiosity is significantly associated with spirituality and that other mindfulness-based aspects are also present within this concept. Incorporating mindfulness with religious efforts will more accurately and holistically address spirituality.

Components Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Khan MMR ◽  
Sana NK ◽  
PM Basak ◽  
BC Sarker ◽  
M Akhtarul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Metabolic syndrome confers the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction which is the most common form of coronary heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death worldwide. The frequency and association of different components of metabolic syndrome on AMI are not well understood and has not been well evaluated.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the components of the metabolic syndrome and its association with AMI patients. This study will help in awareness building in reducing AMI by early detection of components of metabolic syndrome.Patients and methods: This was a prospective observational study consisted of 325 AMI patients who were aged >20 years. Patients with first time AMI arriving in CCU of Rajshahi medical college during the period of 2012-2014, were included. Data were collected through interview, clinical examination, and laboratory tests within 24 hrs of AMI. Five components of metabolic syndrome were defined according to criteria set by modified NCEP ATP III (according to ethnic variation).Results: In AMI patients (n=325), no metabolic components were in 24 (7.4%) patients, one in 53 (16.3%), 2 components in 91(28.0%), 3 components were in 61(18.8%), 4 in 67(20.6%) and all 5 components were in 29 (8.9%) patients. In this study, there was no component in 7.4% of AMI patients, at least 1 component was 92.6%, at least 2 components were 76.3%, at least 3 components were 48.3%, at least 4 components were 29.5% and at least 5 components were 8.9%. The Metabolic syndrome was 48.3% (n=157). Among metabolic syndrome (≥3 components) in AMI (n=157, 48.3%) 4 components (20.6%) were more, next was 3 components (18.8%) and than 5 components (8.9%). Overall frequencies of components in acute myocardial infarction (n=325) were in order of abdominal obesity (54.8%) > high blood pressure (54.5%) > high FPG (54.2%) > Triglyceride (46.2%) and low HDL-C (46.2%) in acute myocardial infarction. Highest percentage was observed in abdominal obesity (54.8%) followed by high blood pressure (54.5%) and FPG (54.2%).TAJ 2016; 29(2): 6-10

Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Supporting Obesity as the Central Feature

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çavlan Türkoglu ◽  
Belgin Süsleyici Duman ◽  
Demet Günay ◽  
Penbe Çagatay ◽  
Remzi Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Basavaraj PG ◽  
Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽  
Chidanand Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Positive History ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

key genetic factors in the metabolic syndrome predisposition which may be a therapeutic options by gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome affects 24–42 percent of individuals over the age of 50 in the United States. Dietary treatments tailored to the APOE genotype may help patients with MeS. Both mitotic and meiotic epigenetics are heritable. SREBP 1 and 2 genes overexpress in response to low cholesterol, statins, and insulin tolerance, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation, insulin signalling, and HDL-c levels. FTO is a key gene in the metabolic syndrome predisposition which may be a therapeutic option. MicroRNA repression of the VEGF 62 reference gene is prevented by the LncRNA MIAT/miR-150-5p complex. MEG3, a maternally expressed three-letter noncoding RNA, has been related to endothelial cell angiogenesis. Phosphorylation of p38 and JNK improved in the absence of (SRA) lncRNAs, resulting in decreased insulin signaling.Mipomersen is a 20-mer oligonucleotide that binds to the APOB mRNA's coding region. Volanersorsen has finished phase II and III clinical trials, making it the first APOC3 ASO to do so. ASO targeting APOB3 based on next-generation ligands is also in the early stages of research. Angptl3 is another successful genome editing target. Given the role of ANGPTL3 in TRL metabolism, Dr. David Seres suggests that this editing may have additional or synergistic therapeutic effects. He claims that defects in the LDLR gene cause the most common genetic form of hypercholesterolemia, FH.

Abstract P033: Relationship Between Adiponectin Level and Metabolic Syndrome after Weight Loss in Patients with Abdominal Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aelita Berezina ◽  
Olga Belyaeva ◽  
Olga Berkovich ◽  
Elena Baranova ◽  
Tatyina Karonova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Outpatient Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: to investigate the relationship between adiponectin level and metabolic syndrome (MS) after weight loss in patients with abdominal obesity (AO). Method: A 3-year randomized lifestyle intervention trial performed in 153 patients with AO, age 43,2±0,8 yrs, BMI 32,1±1,9 kg/m 2 . 74 patients keep hypocaloric diet (gr.1), 79 patients keep diet and performed aerobic exercise (gr.2). Adiponectin concentration, body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), body fat (BF), BMI, the levels of BP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, CRP were measured before and after a 3-years outpatient intervention program. Results. 100% patients with AO had some metabolic disorders and 38% had MS before the treatment. The adiponectin levels and others parameters didn’t differ between the groups before intervention (p>0,05). In 3 years 53 (71,6%) and 58 (73,4%) patients from 1 and 2 groups reduced weight. The rate of improving BM, BMI, BF, WC, HDL-C, TG and insulin was grater in patients gr.2 (p<0,05). The favorable dynamics of MS (MS didn’t appeared at the end of study or didn’t registered in patients who had it before) didn’t differ between the groups 1 and 2 (81,1% and 91,4%, p>0,05). The increasing of adiponectin level occurred more often in patients gr.2, than gr.1 (93,1% and 58,5%, p=0,001, respectively). Adiponectin level increased only in patients gr.2 (18,0±1,1mcg/ml and 23,8±1,3 mcg/ml, p= [[Unable to Display Character: &#1088;]]=0,0001), didn’t changed in gr.1 (p>0,05). It was established that in patients with combination of weight loss and increasing of adiponectin level favorable dynamics of MS occurred more often than in patients who lost weight without increasing of adiponectin level (91,7% and 69,2%, p=0,0001). In patients with favorable dynamics of MS increasing of adiponectin level had met more often, than in patients with unfavorable dynamics of MS (MS continued or appeared) (88,6% and 11,4%, p=0,0001). Increasing of adiponectin level associated with positive dynamics of the MS - OR=9,1 (4,0-20,6). Conclusion. Combination of weight loss and increasing of adiponectin level associated with favorable dynamics of the metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome in three ethnic groups using current definitions

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Delisle ◽  
Marie-Claude Désilets ◽  
Estanislao Ramirez Vargas ◽  
Dominique Garrel
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

According to two current definitions, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) aamong black Haitians of Montreal was <20%, 30%–36% in Algonquin Indians of Quebec, and >45% in Mexicans of Oaxaca (all aged 35–60 y). Although phenotypes were different, high triglycerides and fasting dysglycemia were good predictors of MetS in all three groups using both definitions. The international cut-offs for abdominal obesity were not predictive of MetS in the Haitian subjects.

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