scholarly journals COVID-19, SARS and Bats Coronaviruses Genomes Unexpected Exogeneous RNA Sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jean-claude perez ◽  
Luc Montagnier
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
The World ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Density Rate

We human are facing the worldwide invasion of a new coronavirus. This follows several limited outbreaks of related viruses in various locations in a recent past (SARS, MERS). Although the main objective of researchers is to bring efficient therapeutic and preventive solutions to the global population, we need  also to better  understand the origin of the newly coronavirus-induced epidemic in order to avoid future new outbreaks. The present molecular appraisal is to study by a bio-infomatic approach the facts relating to the virus and its precursors. This article demonstrates how 16 « Exogeneous Informative Elements » fragments (Env Pol and Integrase genes) from different strains, both diversified and very recent, of the HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses most likely are present into the genome of COVID-19. Among these fingerprints, 12 of them would be concentrated in a very small region of the genome COVID-19 of length less than 900bases, i.e. less than 3% of the total length of this genome. In addition, these footprints are positioned in 2 functional genes of COVID-19: the orf1ab and S spike genes.To sum up, here are the two main facts which contribute to our hypothesis of a partially synthetic genome: A contiguous region representing 2.49% of the whole COVID-19 genome is 40.99% made up of 12 diverse Exogeneous  Informative Elements (EIE) fragments originating from various strains of HIV SIV retroviruses. On the other hand, these 12  Exogeneous Informative Elements, some of them appear concatenated, that is to say placed side by side in the genome of COVID-19, and this despite natures, strains, and years of emergence all different. Notably, the retroviral part of these regions, which consists of 8 motifs from various strains HIV1, HIV2 and SIV, covers a length of 275 contiguous bases of COVID-19. The cumulative length of these 8 HIV SIV motifs represents 200 bases. Consequently, the HIV SIV density rate of this region of COVID-19 is 200/275 = 72.73%, which is considerable.A major part of these 16 EIE Elements already existed in the first SARS genomes as early as 2003. However, we demonstrate how and why a new region including 4 HIV1 HIV2 Exogeneous Informative Elements radically distinguishes all COVID-19 strains from all SARS and Bat strains. Particularly, we will be interested in the Bat RaTG13 strain whose genomic proximity to COVID-19 will be thoroughly analyzed. Then, we gather facts about the possible origins of COVID_19, we have particularly analyze this small region of 225 bases common to COVID_19 and batRaTG13 but totally absent in all SARS strains. Then, we discuss the case of bat genomes presumed to be at the origin of COVID_19. In the strain of bat RaTG13 bat coronavirus isolated in 2013, then sequenced in 2020, the homology profile for HIV1 Kenya 2008 fingerprint is identical to that of COVID_19. (collected end december 2019, then sequenced in 2020). Finally, we have studied the most recent genetic evolution of the COVID_19 strains involved in the world epidemic. We found an astoneshing occurrence of mutations and deletions in the 225b region.On sampling genomes, we finally show that this 225b key region of each genome, rich in "EIE", evolves much faster than the corresponding whole genome.

scholarly journals COVID-19, SARS AND BATS CORONAVIRUSES GENOMES PECULIAR HOMOLOGOUS RNA SEQUENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 217-263
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Perez ◽  
Luc Montagnier
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Density Rate

We are facing the worldwide invasion of a new coronavirus. This follows several limited outbreaks of related viruses in various locations in a recent past (SARS, MERS). Although the main current objective of researchers is to bring efficient therapeutic and preventive solutions to the global population, we need also to better understand the origin of the newly coronavirus-induced epidemic in order to avoid future outbreaks. The present molecular appraisal is to study by a bio-infomatic approach the facts relating to the virus and itsprecursors. This article shows how 16 fragments (Env Pol and Integrase genes) from different strains, both diversified and very recent, of the HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses have high percentage of homology into parts of the genome of COVID_19. Moreover each of these elements is made of 18 or more nucleotides and therefore may have a function. They are called Exogenous Informative Elements (EIE).. Among these EIE, 12 are concentrated in a very small region of the COVID-19 genome, length less than 900 bases, i.e. less than 3% of the total length of this genome. In addition, these EIE are positioned in two functional genes of COVID-19: the orf1ab and S spike genes. Here are the two main facts which contribute to our hypothesis of a partially synthetic genome: A contiguous region representing 2.49% of the whole COVID-19 genome of which 40.99% is made up of 12 diverse fragments originating from various strains of HIV SIV retroviruses. Some of these 12 EIE appear concatenated. Notably, the retroviral part of these regions, which consists of 8 elements from various strainsof HIV1, HIV2 and SIV covers a length of 275 contiguous bases of COVID-19. The cumulative length of these 8 HIV/SIV elements represents 200 bases. Consequently, the HIV SIV density rate of this region of COVID-19 is 200/275 = 72.73%.

scholarly journals Jean claude Perez § Luc Montagnier - COVID-19, SARS and Bats Coronaviruses Genomes Unexpected Exogenous RNA Sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jean-claude perez
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Synonymous Codons ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Strains

We are facing the worldwide invasion of a new coronavirus. This follows several limited outbreaks of related viruses in various locations in a recent past (SARS, MERS). Although the main objective of researchers is to bring efficient therapeutic and preventive solutions to the global population, we need  also to better  understand the origin of the newly coronavirus-induced epidemic in order to avoid future outbreaks. The present molecular appraisal is to study by a bio-infomatic approach the facts relating to the virus and its precursors. This article shows how 16 fragments (Env Pol and Integrase genes) from different strains, both diversified and very recent, of the HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses most likely are present into the genome of COVID-19. Among these fragments, 12 are concentrated in a very small region of the COVID-19 genome, length less than 900bases, i.e. less than 3% of the total length of this genome. In addition, these footprints are positioned in 2 functional genes of COVID-19: the orf1ab and S spike genes. To sum up, here are the two main facts which contribute to our hypothesis of a partially synthetic genome: A contiguous region representing 2.49% of the whole COVID-19 genome of which 40.99% is made up of 12 diverse fragments originating from various strains of HIV SIV retroviruses. On the other hand, these 12  fragments some of which appear concatenated. Notably, the retroviral part of these regions, which consists of 8 elements from various strains HIV1, HIV2 and SIV covers a length of 275 contiguous bases of COVID-19. The cumulative length of these 8 HIV SIV elements represents 200 bases. Consequently, the HIV SIV density rate of this region of COVID-19 is 200/275 = 72.73%, which is considerable s made of. Moreover each of these elements is made of 18 or more nucleotides and therefore may have function. They are called Exogenous Informative Elements. A major part of these 16 EIE already existed in the first SARS genomes as early as 2003. However, we demonstrate how and why a new region including 4 HIV1 HIV2 Exogenous Informative Elements radically distinguishes all COVID-19 strains from all SARS and Bat strains. We then gather facts about the possible origins of COVID_19. We have particularly analyzed this small region of 225 bases common to COVID_19 and batRaTG13 but totally absent in all SARS strains. Then, we discuss the case of bat genomes presumed to be at the origin of COVID_19. In the strain of bat RaTG13 coronavirus isolated in 2013, then sequenced in 2020, the homology profile for HIV1 Kenya 2008 fragment is identical to that of COVID_19. Finally, we have studied the most recent genetic evolution of the COVID_19 strains involved in the world epidemic. We found a significant occurrence of mutations and deletions in the 225b region.On sampling genomes, we finally show that this 225b key region of each genome, rich in EIE, evolves much faster than the corresponding whole genome.The comparative analysis of the SPIKES genes of COVID_19 and Bat RaTG13demonstrates two abnormal facts: on the one hand, the insertion of 4 contiguous amino acids in the middle of SPIKE, on the other hand, an abnormal distribution of synonymous codons in the second half of SPIKE. Finally the insertion in this region of an EIE coming from a Plasmodium Yoelii gene is demonstrated, but above all seems to explain the "strategy" pursued by having "artificially" modified the ratio of synonym codons / non-synonymous codons in this same region of 1770 COVID_19 SPIKE nucleotides.

scholarly journals WUHAN COVID-19 SYNTHETIC ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Whole Numbers ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Artificial Origin

The main result of this updated release is the formal proof that 2019-nCoV coronavirus is partially a SYNTHETIC genome. We proof the CONCENTRATION in a small région of wuhan New genome (300bp) of 3 different régions from HIV1 ENVELOPPE gene and 3 others from HIV2 and SIV (ENV and POL RT). All this is remarkable and bears the mark of a desire for organization of a human nature: LOGIC, SYMETRIES. In this article, we demonstrate also that there is a kind of global human hosts adaptation strategy of SARS viruses as well as a strategy of global evolution of the genomes of the different strains of SARS which have emerged, mainly in China, between years 2003 first SARS genomes and the last 2019 COVID-19 Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome. This global strategy, this temporal link, is materialized in our demonstration by highlighting stationary numerical waves controlling the entire sequence of their genomes. Curiously, these digital waves characterizing the 9 SARS genomes studied here are characteristic whole numbers: the "Fibonacci numbers", omnipresent in the forms of Nature, and which our research for several decades has shown strong links with the proportions of nucleotides in DNA. Here we demonstrate that the complexity and fractal multiplicity of these Fibonacci numerical waves increases over the years of the emergence of new SARS strains. We suggest that this increase in the overall organization of the SARS genomes over the years reflects a better adaptation of SARS genomes to the human host. The question of a link with pathogenicity remains open. However, we believe that this overall strategy for the evolution of the SARS genomes ensures greater unity, consistency and integrity of the genome. Finally, we ask ourselves the question of a possible artificial origin of this genome, in particular because of the presence of fragments of HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses.

City-region governance in transitional contexts: the case of the BRICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Philip Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
City Region ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
City Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Abstract The bulk of the scholarly literature on city-regions and their governance is drawn from contexts where economic and political systems have been stable over an extended period. However, many parts of the world, including all countries in the BRICS, have experienced far-reaching national transformations in the recent past in economic and/or political systems. The national transitions are complex, with a mix of continuity and rupture, while their translation into the scale of the city-region is often indirect. But, these transitions have been significant for the city-region, providing a period of opportunity and institutional fluidity. Studies of the BRICS show that outcomes of transitions are varied but that there are junctures of productive comparison including the ways in which the nature of the transitions create new path dependencies, and way in which interests across territorial scales soon consolidate, producing new rigidities in city-region governance.

scholarly journals Fish Waste: From Problem to Valuable Resource

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Daniela Coppola ◽  
Chiara Lauritano ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Gennaro Riccio ◽  
Carmen Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Following the growth of the global population and the subsequent rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization, the fisheries and aquaculture production has seen a massive increase driven mainly by the development of fishing technologies. Accordingly, a remarkable increase in the amount of fish waste has been produced around the world; it has been estimated that about two-thirds of the total amount of fish is discarded as waste, creating huge economic and environmental concerns. For this reason, the disposal and recycling of these wastes has become a key issue to be resolved. With the growing attention of the circular economy, the exploitation of underused or discarded marine material can represent a sustainable strategy for the realization of a circular bioeconomy, with the production of materials with high added value. In this study, we underline the enormous role that fish waste can have in the socio-economic sector. This review presents the different compounds with high commercial value obtained by fish byproducts, including collagen, enzymes, and bioactive peptides, and lists their possible applications in different fields.

Food security in the 21st century and in the role of biotechnology

foresight ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pinstrup‐Andersen ◽  
Marc J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

Although global food production has consistently kept pace with population growth, the gap between food production and demand in certain parts of the world is likely to remain. More than 800 million people in developing countries lack access to a minimally adequate diet. Continued productivity gains are essential on the supply side, because global population will increase by 73 million people a year over the next two decades. In this article we assess the current global food situation, look at the prospects through to the year 2020, and outline the policies needed to achieve food security for all. Emphasis is on the role that agricultural biotechnology might play in reaching this goal.

A Report on COVID-19 Variants, COVID-19 Vaccines and the Impact of the Variants on the Efficacy of the Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Halim
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Impact

The Coronavirus pandemic has caused negative effects across the globe; mortality and morbidity being the main impact. After WHO, termed the disease a pandemic in March 2020, they gave in health guidelines to follow to control the spread of the disease. The health industry, academia, and different governments are united to develop and test various vaccines at an unprecedented speed to combat the pandemic fully and bring the world back to its feet. Some of the vaccines developed include Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca. However, just like other viruses, the SAR-CoV-2 virus keeps changing through mutation, as various variants, different from the first one are emerging. Evidence shows that the three new variants; UK, Brazil, and South Africa are more severe in terms of transmissibility, disease severity, evading of the immune response, and reducing the ability to neutralized antibodies, compared to the original coronavirus. With such knowledge of the existence of different strains, the arises concerns on whether the already available vaccines are effective enough in preventing the new COVID-19 strains. Studies are still underdeveloped to learn more on the virologic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of the ever-emerging variants. This research, through a systemic review of literature, seeks to find out whether the variants of SAR-CoV-2 have an impact on the efficacy of various vaccines developed in fighting the disease and the entire body’s immune response.

Haemolytic activity in different species of the genus Prymnesium (Haptophyta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seoane ◽  
P. Riobó ◽  
J. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Fatty Acid Amides ◽  
The World ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Different Strains

The genus Prymnesium includes several species that produce toxins with cytotoxic, ichthyotoxic, neurotoxic and haemolytic activity. Bloom episodes of Prymnesium species have been reported from several parts of the world (North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia), especially from temperate and subtropical regions and most of them from brackish waters. Blooms cause great economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries around the world. The ichthyotoxic and allelopathic effects of Prymnesium have been linked to the presence of Haemolysin 1, Prymnesins 1 and 2 and, more recently, fatty acids and fatty acid amides. The toxicology of this genus with regard to different growth conditions such as light, nutrients and other parameters has been well documented. It is unknown, however, whether different species and strains from the Prymnesium genus all produce the same types and level of toxins. In this study, we have determined the haemolytic activity of eight different strains from the genus Prymnesium in both exponential and stationary phases of growth. We have also evaluated the efficiency of the extraction solvent.

scholarly journals Sri Lanka and the Covid 19 Crisis: Strategies and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Asantha Senevirathna
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Government Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges

 COVID-19 pandemic has become a major crisis in 2020. The pandemic has claimed thousands of lives and is spreading a negative economic impact around the global economy. The pandemic has caused a devastating impact on human life in many of the countries without a clear distinction among developed or developing nations. Sri Lanka is facing the heat of the pandemic gradually since January and has taken various measures to combat the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic forwarded a greater challenge to Sri Lanka since the country has faced various disasters in the recent past and question marks remain about the government’s response. The Sri Lankan government response to the current COVID-19 crisis has been largely successful and is ranked among the best responsive countries in the world. This paper discusses Sri Lanka’s strategies in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic and possible future challenges related to the issue.

scholarly journals Innovations & Technology Based Initiatives in Mutual Fund Distribution Intermediation in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4747-4753
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
The World ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
The Ideal

The world of financial services is changing in ways that are more dramatic than we would have foreseen even five years ago. Taking a leaf from evolving ecosystem around mobile telephony, many financial institutions are using smart technology to remodel their branches into smarter point of sale. This has given a genesis to a terminology of “emerging distribution intermediaries” in financial services. Mutual funds (MF) being the combiner of various savings instruments are regarded as the ideal investment vehicle for today’s complex and modern financial scenario. But its penetration is poor. One of the major levers to increase penetration is innovations in distributing MF products. Considering this, Indian government & regulator have taken many policies reforms & IT initiatives towards increasing retail participation in Mutual Funds and equity markets in recent past. Through this paper, researcher has attempted to critically analyze these initiatives. Apart from highlighting various innovations in MF distributions, this paper will also highlight the present state of online Mutual Fund trading platforms. Further, the paper attempts to highlight the areas of concern, augmentation and intervention in this space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document