Deciphering the role of AMPK-related kinase 5 in human cancer progression and metastasis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of highly conserved tiny non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Numerous studies have shown the role of dysregulated miRNA in a variety of illnesses, including human cancer. MiRNA is dysregulated by a variety of processes, including dysregulation of miRNA synthesis, aberrant miRNA transcription, dysregulated epigenetic modification, and chromosomal abnormalities. MiRNAs that are overexpressed have been shown to influence cancer's hallmarks. Recent research has shown miRNA's potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. In this review, we discussed the synthesis and regulation of miRNA, as well as its dysregulation in human cancer and other disorders, as well as some of the therapeutic applications of miRNA.

Download Full-text

SGK1 in Human Cancer: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.608722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Yiwen Sang ◽

Piaoping Kong ◽

Shizhen Zhang ◽

Lingyu Zhang ◽

Ying Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Kinase Activity ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Therapy Resistance ◽

Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽

Serine Threonine Kinase ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Threonine Kinase ◽

Cancer Types

Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is a member of the “AGC” subfamily of protein kinases, which shares structural and functional similarities with the AKT family of kinases and displays serine/threonine kinase activity. Aberrant expression of SGK1 has profound cellular consequences and is closely correlated with human cancer. SGK1 is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in the genesis and development of many human cancers. Abnormal expression of SGK1 has been found in tissue and may hopefully become a useful indicator of cancer progression. In addition, SGK1 acts as a prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the role of SGK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diverse cancer types; focuses on its essential roles and functions in tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, metabolism, and therapy resistance and in the tumor microenvironment; and finally summarizes the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SGK1 at the molecular level. Taken together, this evidence highlights the crucial role of SGK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, revealing why it has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy.

Download Full-text

Suppression of Premature Senescence and Promotion of Metastatic Transformation: Role of Reduced TGF-Beta Signaling in Human Cancer Progression

Tumor Dormancy, Quiescence, and Senescence, Volume 2 ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-7726-2_21 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 219-226

Author(s):

Shu Lin ◽

Lu-Zhe Sun

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Premature Senescence ◽

Tgf Beta

Download Full-text

The Inhibitory Role of B7-H4 in Antitumor Immunity: Association with Cancer Progression and Survival

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2011/695834 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Changjun He ◽

Haiquan Qiao ◽

Hongchi Jiang ◽

Xueying Sun

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Antitumor Immunity ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Physiological Role ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Inhibitory Role ◽

Pertinent Data

B7-H4 is one of the most recently identified members of B7 superfamily of costimulatory molecules serving as an inhibitory modulator of T-cell response. B7-H4 is broadly expressed in human peripheral tissues and inducibly expressed in immune cells. The expression of B7-H4 has been observed in various types of human cancer tissues, and its soluble form has been detected in blood samples from cancer patients. However, its precise physiological role is still elusive, as its receptor has not been identified and the expression levels are not consistent. This paper summarizes the pertinent data on the inhibitory role of B7-H4 in antitumor immunity and its association with cancer progression and survival in human patients. The paper also discusses the clinical significance of investigating B7-H4 as potential markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as therapeutic targets.

Download Full-text

Riddle of the Sphinx: Emerging Role of Transfer RNAs in Human Cancer

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.794986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhilin Qiu ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Lei Liu ◽

Guozheng Li ◽

Yi Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Special Focus ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

Knowledge Of Cancer ◽

Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

The dysregulation of transfer RNA (tRNA) expression contributes to the diversity of proteomics, heterogeneity of cell populations, and instability of the genome, which may be related to human cancer susceptibility. However, the relationship between tRNA dysregulation and cancer susceptibility remains elusive because the landscape of cancer-associated tRNAs has not been portrayed yet. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tRNAs involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression have not been systematically understood. In this review, we detail current knowledge of cancer-related tRNAs and comprehensively summarize the basic characteristics and functions of these tRNAs, with a special focus on their role and involvement in human cancer. This review bridges the gap between tRNAs and cancer and broadens our understanding of their relationship, thus providing new insights and strategies to improve the potential clinical applications of tRNAs for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Download Full-text

The emerging role of SPOP protein in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy

Molecular Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12943-019-1124-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yizuo Song ◽

Yichi Xu ◽

Chunyu Pan ◽

Linzhi Yan ◽

Zhi-wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Nuclear Speckle ◽

Ring E3 Ligase ◽

Promising Therapeutic Target ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

Ring E3

AbstractThe nuclear speckle-type pox virus and zinc finger (POZ) protein (SPOP), a representative substrate-recognition subunit of the cullin-RING E3 ligase, has been characterized to play a dual role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Numerous studies have determined that SPOP suppresses tumorigenesis in a variety of human malignancies such as prostate, lung, colon, gastric, and liver cancers. However, several studies revealed that SPOP exhibited oncogenic function in kidney cancer, suggesting that SPOP could exert its biological function in a cancer type-specific manner. The role of SPOP in thyroid, cervical, ovarian, bone and neurologic cancers has yet to be determined. In this review article, we describe the structure and regulation of SPOP in human cancer. Moreover, we highlight the critical role of SPOP in tumorigenesis based on three major categories: physiological evidence (animal models), pathological evidence (human cancer specimens) and biochemical evidence (downstream ubiquitin substrates). Furthermore, we note that SPOP could be a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Download Full-text

The Cancer Microbiota: EMT and Inflammation as Shared Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Plasticity and Progression

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2019/1253727 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniele Vergara ◽

Pasquale Simeone ◽

Marina Damato ◽

Michele Maffia ◽

Paola Lanuti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Common Ground ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Malignant Progression ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Host Interactions

With the advent of novel molecular platforms for high-throughput/next-generation sequencing, the communities of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the human body have been defined in depth. In the last decade, the role of microbiota-host interactions in driving human cancer plasticity and malignant progression has been well documented. Germ-free preclinical models provided an invaluable tool to demonstrate that the human microbiota can confer susceptibility to various types of cancer and can also modulate the host response to therapeutic treatments. Of interest, besides the detrimental effects of dysbiosis on cancer etiopathogenesis, specific microorganisms have been shown to exert protective activities against cancer growth. This has strong clinical implications, as restoration of the physiologic microbiota is being rapidly implemented as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we reviewed past and recent literature depicting the role of microbiota-host interactions in modulating key molecular mechanisms that drive human cancer plasticity and lead to malignant progression. We analyzed microbiota-host interactions occurring in the gut as well as in other anatomic sites, such as oral and nasal cavities, lungs, breast, esophagus, stomach, reproductive tract, and skin. We revealed a common ground of biological alterations and pathways modulated by a dysbiotic microbiota and potentially involved in the control of cancer progression. The molecular mechanisms most frequently affected by the pathogenic microorganisms to induce malignant progression involve epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) dependent barrier alterations and tumor-promoting inflammation. This evidence may pave the way to better stratify high-risk cancer patients based on unique microenvironmental/microbial signatures and to develop novel, personalized, biological therapies.

Download Full-text

The Dual Role of TGFβ in Human Cancer: From Tumor Suppression to Cancer Metastasis

ISRN Molecular Biology ◽

10.5402/2012/381428 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Jean-Charles Neel ◽

Laure Humbert ◽

Jean-Jacques Lebrun

Keyword(s):

Cell Growth ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Adult Life ◽

Dual Role

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily encompasses widespread and evolutionarily conserved polypeptide growth factors that regulate and orchestrate growth and differentiation in all cell types and tissues. While they regulate asymmetric cell division and cell fate determination during early development and embryogenesis, TGFβ family members play a major regulatory role in hormonal and immune responses, cell growth, cell death and cell immortalization, bone formation, tissue remodeling and repair, and erythropoiesis throughout adult life. The biological and physiological functions of TGFβ, the founding member of this family, and its receptors are of central importance to human diseases, particularly cancer. By regulating cell growth, death, and immortalization, TGFβ signaling pathways exert tumor suppressor effects in normal cells and early carcinomas. Thus, it is not surprising that a high number of human tumors arise due to mutations or deletions in the genes coding for the various TGFβ signaling components. As tumors develop and progress, these protective and cytostatic effects of TGFβ are often lost. TGFβ signaling then switches to promote cancer progression, invasion, and tumor metastasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dual role of TGFβ in human cancer will be discussed in depth in this paper, and it will highlight the challenge and importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at blocking the prometastatic arm of the TGFβ signaling pathway without affecting its tumor suppressive effects.

Download Full-text