scholarly journals Irrigation frequency and soil type influence germination and early growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chaibva ◽  
Cecil Mugala ◽  
Veronica Makuvaro ◽  
Tavagwisa Muziri ◽  
Ignatius Chagonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Crop Stand

Abstract The adoption of quinoa as a potential food crop in semi-arid Zimbabwe is threatened by poor seed establishment. A 4 x 3 factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) was carried out to establish the effects of irrigation frequencies and different soil types on germination and early growth of quinoa. Three soil types (sand, loam, and clay) and four irrigation frequencies (after every 1, 2, 3, and 4 days) were used. Measurements taken included days to 50% emergence, germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate index, coefficient velocity of germination, seedling height, final crop stand, and root density. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using GenStat 18th Edition and mean separation was done using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 5% significance level. There was an interaction between irrigation frequency and soil type on days to 50% emergence (p<0.05), germination percentage (p<0.05), germination rate index (p<0.05), seedling height (p<0.05), root length density (p<0.05), seedling crop stand (p<0.05). Sandy soil irrigated on 1-day intervals recorded the highest germination percentage (96.7%), while clay irrigated on 3-day intervals recorded the lowest (41.7%) final germination percentage respectively. Seeds planted in sand and clay recorded the shortest (3.25) and longest (4.5) mean germination time (days) respectively. Loamy and sandy soils irrigated on 3-day intervals and 1-day intervals recorded the lowest (29.4%) and highest (70.4%) germination rate index respectively. Loam soil irrigated on 1-day and 4-day intervals recorded the highest (16.37 cm) and shortest (9.3 cm) seedling height. Loam soil irrigated on 2-day and sandy soil irrigated on 3-day intervals recorded the lowest (3.07 cm/cm3) and the highest (21.23 cm/cm3) root length densities respectively. Sand irrigated on 1-day intervals recorded the highest (85%) crop stand. Findings concluded and recommended planting and frequently irrigating quinoa in sandy soils for better crop establishment.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Chitosan and SiO2 Nanoparticles to Seed Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faride BEHBOUDI ◽  
Zeinalabedin TAHMASEBI SARVESTANI ◽  
Mohamad Zaman KASSAEE ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohamad MODARES SANAVI ◽  
Ali SOROOSHZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Plants such as wheat and barley that are strategically important crops need to be considered to develop a comprehensive toxicity profile for nanoparticles (NPs). The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and SiO2 NPs on wheat and barley plants. Two factorial experiments (seeds priming and direct exposure) were performed based on a completely randomized design in four replications. Results showed that the seeds priming with the NPs had not significant effect on germination parameters such as Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination Value (GV), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Pick Value (PV) and Mean Daily Germination (MDG). In contrast, exposure of the seeds to the NPs had significant effects on these parameters. In both experiments, treatments had significant effects on shoot, seedling, root length, fresh and dry weight, as well as vigor indexes as compared to the control. In most traits, the best concentration of NPs was 30 ppm, whereas applications of the NPs with 90 ppm displayed adverse effects on majority of the studied traits. According to these results, selectivity in applications of NPs with suitable concentration and method is essential for different plant species.  

scholarly journals Morphological and germination response variability in seeds of wild yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) accessions from northwest Spain

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Pérez-García ◽  
Federico Varela ◽  
M. Elena González-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Seed Water Content

Gentiana lutea L. (yellow gentian, Gentianaceae) is an important medicinal plant under protection as endangered species in most European countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate variation in seed mass, seed water content, and seed germination among 56 wild accessions of G. lutea. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), putrescine, moist chilling, and level of ripeness of seeds on subsequent germination was also investigated. Seeds of G. lutea showed physiological dormancy (final germination percentages ranged from 0% to 11%, depending on the accession) and GA3 enhanced seed germination drastically in all the accessions. The highest germination (99%) of GA3-treated seeds was reached at 15 °C. Final germination percentage and germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time), as well as seed mass and seed water content, varied significantly among accessions. In general, 1 year moist chilling did not significantly enhance G. lutea seed germination. For most accessions, no significant differences were found between fully ripe seeds and less ripe seeds for seed water content, seed mass, and seed germination. Applications of GA3 were always most effective than those of putrescine for increasing seed germination.

scholarly journals The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Zahra Afifipour ◽  
Maryam Mozafarian
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time

The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity StressThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of silicon (Si) application under salinity levels on seed germination and growth characteristics of tomato seeds. A laboratory experiment was performed on completely randomized design with two levels of salinity (25 and 50 mM NaCl) and 2 concentration of Si (1 and 2 mM) with 4 replications. Germination percentage, germination rate, seedling shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and mean germination time was measured. Seed germination ofLycopersicon esculentumL. was significantly affected by salinity levels, Si and their interaction. Germination characteristics of tomato seeds decreased drastically by increasing NaCl concentrations. However, 1 mM Si had positive effects on seed germination characteristics and improved germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time. Si alleviated the harmful effect of salinity stress on tomato seed germination at almost all germination characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of soil type on pyrethrum seed germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sladonja ◽  
Marin Krapac ◽  
Dean Ban ◽  
Zoran Užila ◽  
Slavica Dudaš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Terra Rossa ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.) is an autochthonous insecticidal plant from Dalmatia (Croatia). It is commercially grown worldwide with a particularly fast expansion in Africa and Australia (Tasmania) and used as a natural insecticide. The study was conducted in Istria, Croatia, in a greenhouse, to determine the effect of soil type on the germination of pyrethrum seeds. The effect of different soil types on the germination of pyrethrum was found to be highly significant. The highest percentage of germination was found on white clay loam (soil type 2), and the lowest on red clay Terra Rossa (soil types 1 and 6). Seed germination was greatly influenced by soil texture, foremost silt percentage, and soil pH. The present study suggests that pyrethrum seed germination is best on slightly alkaline clayey loams with moderate nutrients. Positive correlation was confirmed among germination percentage and silt content and soil pH.

scholarly journals Potasssium chloride as a nutrient seed primer to enhance salt‑tolerance in maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badar‑uz‑Zaman ◽  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Syed Ishtiaq Hyder ◽  
Muhammad Arshadullah ◽  
Saqib Umar Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

The objective of this work was to determine if KCl could be a useful nutrient primer for safe seed germination in maize crop under salt stress conditions. Seed priming was done using 50 mmol L‑1 of muriate of potash, and germination and seedling growth were evaluated after salt stress with NaCl up to 50 mmol L‑1. Another set of seeds was tested under the same salt stress conditions without priming. Under salinity stress, germination percentage, germination rate index, germination coefficient, and seedling vigor indexes were higher in primed seeds. In unprimed seeds, mean germination time increased, while the germination rate index and the fresh and dry matter mass decreased more sharply with salinity stress. The Na/K ratio was higher in unprimed seeds.

scholarly journals Morphometry and Germination of Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus and Phoradendron mucronatum Diaspores

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.L. AZEVEDO ◽  
C.G.G. SANTOS ◽  
C.S. CAIRES ◽  
J.C. ARAÚJO NETO ◽  
R.C. SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to characterize morphometrically diaspores from three species of mistletoes (Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus e Phoradendron mucronatum), as well as to study its germination behavior according to temperature and luminosity. In germination tests, the completely randomized design was used, in factor scheme 4 x 2, with 4 replications of 15 diaspores. The factors for the first test were different temperatures and two diaspore conditions (intact and without epicarp). In the second test, factors were different light qualities and two diaspore conditions. The analyzed variables were: germination percentage, germination rate index (GRI) and mean germination time (MGT). Mistletoe’s diaspores present an elliptic shape with viscin layer, an essential characteristic for the dispersion of the species. In addition to this, they present a distinction as for the moisture content when compared to the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, where the latter presents the highest content. Germination is greater at the alternated temperature of 20-30 oC for P. pyrifolia and P. mucronatum diaspores and 20 oC for S. marginatus. Luminosity interfered in the germination of P. mucronatum and S. marginatus but did not influence P. pyrifolia. The diaspore condition influenced the germination of the three studied species, observing a significant increase in their germination when the epicarp was removed. Temperature and luminosity interfere directly in the GRI and MGT of the three mistletoes species.

scholarly journals Germination Response of MR 219 Rice Variety to Different Exposure Times and Periods of 2450 MHz Microwave Frequency

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush Talei ◽  
Alireza Valdiani ◽  
Mahmood Maziah ◽  
Mohammad Mohsenkhah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Germination is a key process in plants' phenological cycles. Accelerating this process could lead to improvment of the seedling growth as well as the cultivation efficiency. To achieve this, the effect of microwave frequency on the germination of rice seeds was examined. The physiological feedbacks of the MR 219 rice variety in terms of seed germination rate (GR), germination percentage (GP), and mean germination time (MGT) were analyzed by exposing its seeds to 2450 MHz of microwave frequency for one, four, seven, and ten hours. It was revealed that exposing the seeds to the microwave frequency for 10 hours resulted in the highest GP. This treatment led to 100% of germination after three days with a mean germination time of 2.1 days. Although the other exposure times of microwave frequency caused the moderate effects on germination with aGPa3ranged from 93% to 98%, they failed to reduce theMGTa3. The results showed that ten-hour exposure times of microwave frequency for six days significantly facilitated and improved the germination indices (primary shoot and root length). Therefore, the technique is expected to benefit the improvement of rice seed germination considering its simplicity and efficacy in increasing the germination percentage and rate as well as the primary shoot and root length without causing any environmental toxicity.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Pepper Seedlings is Influenced by Environment Temperature and Priming Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Glenda Sallaku ◽  
Gjok Vuksani ◽  
Astrit Balliu
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
Germination Parameters

The effects of different environment temperatures, priming treatments and priming durations on germination parameters and early growth of pepper seedlings were investigated. Seeds were hydro primed in distilled water, or osmo primed in two different water potentials (-0.15 and -0.5 MPa) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Both, hydro primed and osmo primed seeds were subject of two different imbibitions periods, 48 and 72 hrs. In addition to primed seeds, an equal sample of non primed seeds was included in the experiment as a control variant. Following priming, the seeds were subjected to germination tests at two different environment temperatures, respectively 18 0C and 24 0C. In general, there was no significant effect of hydro priming on germination parameters or early growth of pepper seedlings. On the contrary, significantly higher germination percentage and germination speed and significantly shorter mean germination time than the non primed seeds were obtained due to seed osmo priming by PEG. Similarly, an enhanced seedling growth, especially under suboptimum temperature conditions was evidenced in PEG primed seedlings. Apart from germination speed, the increase of PEG concentration from -0.15 to -0.5 MPa had no effect to germination parameters of pepper seeds. The extent of the imbibitions period over 48 hrs did also have no benefits on germination parameters.

scholarly journals Impact of Biochar Application on Germination Behavior and Early Growth of Maize Seedlings: Insights from a Growth Room Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11666
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Wang Xiukang ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
Sajid Mahmood Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Growth Room

Reduced germination and early crop maturity due to soil compaction, nutrients stress, and low moisture are major constraints to achieve optimum crop yield, ultimately resulting in significant economic damages and food shortages. Biochar, having the potential to improve physical and chemical properties of soil, can also improve nutrients and moisture access to plants. In the present study, a growth room experiment was conducted to assess biochar influence on maize seed germination, early growth of seedlings, and its physiological attributes. Corn cob biochar (CCB) was mixed with soil at different rates (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% w/w) before seed sowing. Results obtained showed that increasing CCB application rate have neutral to positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth of maize. Biochar addition at the rate of 1.5% (w/w) significantly increased shoot dry biomass (40%), root dry biomass (32%), total chlorophyll content (a and b) (55%), germination percentage (13%), seedling vigor (85%), and relative water content (RWC) (68%), in comparison to un-amended control treatment. In addition to this, it also improved germination rate (GR) by 3% as compared to control treatment, while causing a reduction in mean emergence time (MET). Moreover, application of biochar (3%) also resulted in enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 13% and 17%, respectively. Conclusively, biochar application is an attractive approach to improve the initial phase of plant growth and provide better crop stand and essential sustainable high yields.

scholarly journals Germination of Primed Seed under NaCl Stress in Wheat

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Fuller ◽  
Jalal H. Hamza ◽  
Hail Z. Rihan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Issawi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Germination Indices

Soil salinity affects a large and increasing amount of arable land worldwide, and genetic and agronomic solutions to increasing salt tolerance are urgently needed. Experiments were conducted to improve wheat seed performance under salinity stress conditions after priming. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of four replications for germination indices in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caxton). Normal and primed seed with PEG6000 at  MPa and five concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) were tested. Results indicate that priming seed significantly () increased germination percentage at first count and final count, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination rate index, and mean germination time, while increasing of NaCl concentration significantly reduced it. Priming seed improved germination attributes at all NaCl concentration levels. The priming appeared to be able to overcome the effect of salt stress at 50 to 100 mM and reduce the effect of NaCl at higher concentrations up to 200 mM. The primed seed gave both faster germination and led to higher germination when under salt stress. We conclude that using priming techniques can effectively enhance the germination seed under saline condition.

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