Morphological and germination response variability in seeds of wild yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) accessions from northwest Spain

Gentiana lutea L. (yellow gentian, Gentianaceae) is an important medicinal plant under protection as endangered species in most European countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate variation in seed mass, seed water content, and seed germination among 56 wild accessions of G. lutea. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), putrescine, moist chilling, and level of ripeness of seeds on subsequent germination was also investigated. Seeds of G. lutea showed physiological dormancy (final germination percentages ranged from 0% to 11%, depending on the accession) and GA3 enhanced seed germination drastically in all the accessions. The highest germination (99%) of GA3-treated seeds was reached at 15 °C. Final germination percentage and germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time), as well as seed mass and seed water content, varied significantly among accessions. In general, 1 year moist chilling did not significantly enhance G. lutea seed germination. For most accessions, no significant differences were found between fully ripe seeds and less ripe seeds for seed water content, seed mass, and seed germination. Applications of GA3 were always most effective than those of putrescine for increasing seed germination.

Download Full-text

Conditioning in the promotion and uniformization of Umbu seed germination

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018109 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Renato Teo Barros ◽

Cibele Chalita Martins ◽

Francisco Elder Carlos Bezerra Pereira ◽

Givanildo Zildo da Silva

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Water Content ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Germination Test ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Cold Chamber

Abstract Seed dormancy may decrease during storage and some environmental conditions may accelerate this process. The aim of this work was to determine efficient techniques to condition umbu seeds in order to promote and standardize their germination. Seeds were stored for 180 days in paper bags kept in five ambient conditions: laboratory (25 ºC and 55% RH); warm oven (40 °C and 53% RH); hot oven (50 °C and 49% RH); dry chamber (18 °C and 65% RH) and cold chamber (10 °C and 65% RH). Seed quality was evaluated every 60 days by means of the following tests and determinations: water content; germination test (25 °C and 55% RH, weekly evaluated up to 91 days after sowing); first count test (14 days); germination rate index; mean germination time and electrical conductivity. The conditioning of umbu seeds in laboratory, or in warm oven (40 ºC) used efficient techniques to promote and standardize germination; under these conditions, after six months of storage, germination increased from 31% to 84 and 74%, respectively.

Download Full-text

The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity Stress

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-012-0008-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maryam Haghighi ◽

Zahra Afifipour ◽

Maryam Mozafarian

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Germination Characteristics ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Mean Germination Time

The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity StressThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of silicon (Si) application under salinity levels on seed germination and growth characteristics of tomato seeds. A laboratory experiment was performed on completely randomized design with two levels of salinity (25 and 50 mM NaCl) and 2 concentration of Si (1 and 2 mM) with 4 replications. Germination percentage, germination rate, seedling shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and mean germination time was measured. Seed germination ofLycopersicon esculentumL. was significantly affected by salinity levels, Si and their interaction. Germination characteristics of tomato seeds decreased drastically by increasing NaCl concentrations. However, 1 mM Si had positive effects on seed germination characteristics and improved germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time. Si alleviated the harmful effect of salinity stress on tomato seed germination at almost all germination characteristics.

Download Full-text

Germination Response of MR 219 Rice Variety to Different Exposure Times and Periods of 2450 MHz Microwave Frequency

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/408026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daryush Talei ◽

Alireza Valdiani ◽

Mahmood Maziah ◽

Mohammad Mohsenkhah

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Microwave Frequency ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Germination Time ◽

Primary Shoot ◽

Mean Germination Time

Germination is a key process in plants' phenological cycles. Accelerating this process could lead to improvment of the seedling growth as well as the cultivation efficiency. To achieve this, the effect of microwave frequency on the germination of rice seeds was examined. The physiological feedbacks of the MR 219 rice variety in terms of seed germination rate (GR), germination percentage (GP), and mean germination time (MGT) were analyzed by exposing its seeds to 2450 MHz of microwave frequency for one, four, seven, and ten hours. It was revealed that exposing the seeds to the microwave frequency for 10 hours resulted in the highest GP. This treatment led to 100% of germination after three days with a mean germination time of 2.1 days. Although the other exposure times of microwave frequency caused the moderate effects on germination with aGPa3ranged from 93% to 98%, they failed to reduce theMGTa3. The results showed that ten-hour exposure times of microwave frequency for six days significantly facilitated and improved the germination indices (primary shoot and root length). Therefore, the technique is expected to benefit the improvement of rice seed germination considering its simplicity and efficacy in increasing the germination percentage and rate as well as the primary shoot and root length without causing any environmental toxicity.

Download Full-text

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) seed germination affected by the application of gibberellins

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.53074 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabio Ernesto Martínez M. ◽

Diego Miranda L. ◽

Stanislav Magnitskiy

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Positive Response ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Germination Time ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Germinated Seeds

This research sought to establish the response of the germination percentage (PG), synchrony index (E), mean germination time (MGT) and mean germination rate (MGR) of Annona squamosa L. seeds from Apulo (province of Cundinamarca) and Castilla (province of Tolima), Colombia, to treatments with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, or 800 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid (GA). All of the treatments with GA increased the PG at each point of time of seed incubation. The 600 mg L-1 GA treatment resulted in higher PGs (92.3% at 16 days for Apulo and 95% at 24 days for Castilla) and lower MGTs (8.75 and 5.38 days for Apulo and Castilla, respectively) than those found with the concentration of 0 mg L-1 GA (17.68 and 10.88 days for Apulo and Castilla, respectively). Also, treating the seeds with 600 mg L-1 GA generated higher MGRs (0.18 and 0.12 germinated seeds/day for Castilla and Apulo, respectively) than those obtained with 0 mg L-1 GA (Castilla = 0.09 and Apulo = 0.06 germinated seeds/ day). Likewise, the germination was synchronized with the application of any concentration of GA. The results evidenced a positive response to the GA application, which provided a tool for the characterization of the phenomenon of dormancy in the A. squamosa seeds.

Download Full-text

Effect of salinity on seed germination of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties

Journal of Aridland Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jaa.2021.v7.6588 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76-82

Author(s):

Getachew Shumye Adilu ◽

Yohannes Gedamu Gebre

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

And Control

Salinity adversely affects 20-30% of the irrigated area in the world. Tomato is sensitive to salinity. It is one of the most severe abiotic factors of many agricultural crops and it becoming the main problem in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on the seed germination parameters of tomato varieties. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatment included four tomato varieties (Sirinka, Weyno, ARP D2, and Roma VF) and five salinity levels (1 dS m-1, 2 dS m-1, 3 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, and control). Fifty seeds were placed in a Petri dish over a moistened germination paper for germination and seedlings and allowed to grow for 14 days. The germination rate, speed and energy of tomato seeds were significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the combined effect of variety and salinity. The shortest mean germination time, the highest mean germination rate, and the highest speed of germination were recorded in the ARP D2 variety in the control treatment. The lowest first and last days of germination, and the uncertainty of germination were recorded from ARP D2. However, an increase in the days of germination and in the uncertainty of germination, and a decrease in the germination index and total germination percentage trends were observed with increasing salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (4 dS m-1) affected the germination of tomato varieties. Among the four tested tomato varieties, ARP D2 and Roma VF were tolerant to salinity.

Download Full-text

Assessing Salicornia europaea Tolerance to Salinity at Seed Germination Stage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10020029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Roberta Calone ◽

Rabab Sanoubar ◽

Enrico Noli ◽

Lorenzo Barbanti

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Salicornia Europaea ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Germination Value ◽

Peak Value

Salicornia europaea, a halophytic species, was investigated to assess its ability to withstand salinity during seed germination, and to identify suitable indices to interpret salt tolerance at this delicate stage. Seed germination indices (germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination value (GV), coefficient of germination velocity (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), germination peak value (GPV), mean germination time (MGT), and time to 50% germination (T50)) were calculated under increasing salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mM NaCl). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe the relationships involving the variables that account for data variance. Two salinity thresholds were identified (100 and 600 mM NaCl) determining significant decreases in all the indices, except for T50 and MGT. In fact, PCA based on generated correlation circle showed significant negative correlations (r close to −1) between salt stress and GP, GE, GRI, PV, GV, and CVG, whereas no correlation was observed with T50 and MGT (r close to zero). Based on this, GP, GE, GRI, PV, GV, and CVG can be considered useful traits to assess salt tolerance during germination in S. europaea, while T50 and MGT, that were not affected by the range of salinity levels investigated, should not be used for this purpose.

Download Full-text

Effect of seed treatments and potting medium on seed germination parameters in threatened Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. – A dashmool species

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2020.211225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1&2) ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

Hariom Saxena ◽

Naseer Mohammad ◽

Samiksha Parihar ◽

Sant Kumar

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Hot Water ◽

Potting Medium ◽

Potting Media ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Coefficient Of Velocity ◽

Experimental Treatments

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different seed treatment and potting media on germination percentage and associate parameters in Stereospermum suaveolens, a threatened dashmool species during May, 2019 at Silviculture Nursery of Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh). Experimental treatments comprised of twenty treatment combinations consisting of four different seed treatment and five growth mediums. Data on daily seed germination was recorded and used for estimation of final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), time spread of germination (TSG), energy period (EP) and peak value of mean germination (PVMG). Critical perusal of analysis revealed that treatment combination ‘Sand + Hot Water’ was resulted in positive effect on all the characters studied and could be used for mass raising of seedlings of S. suaveolens.

Download Full-text

Biopriming with Seaweed Extract and Microbial-Based Commercial Biostimulants Influences Seed Germination of Five Abelmoschus esculentus Genotypes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1327

Author(s):

Gugulethu Makhaye ◽

Adeyemi O. Aremu ◽

Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽

Samson Tesfay ◽

Christian P. Du Plooy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Coefficient Of Velocity ◽

Time Spread

Seed germination is a crucial step in plant propagation, as it controls seedling production, stand establishment and ultimately crop yield. Approaches that can promote seed germination of valuable crops remain of great interest globally. The current study evaluated the effect of biostimulant (Kelpak® and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria—PGPR) biopriming on the seed germination of five (VI037996, VI046567, VI055421, VI050956, and VI033796) Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. The germination responses of the bio-primed seeds were measured using six parameters, including final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), and time spread of germination (TSG). Biostimulant application significantly affected MGT (1.1–2.2 days), CVG (1.4–5.9), and TSG (1.2–3.0 days). Genotype also significantly influenced the TSG (1–3 days). Significant interaction effect of biostimulant treatment and genotype was evident on the FGP, GI, and GRI of the germinated seeds. The most noteworthy effect was demonstrated by Kelpak® (1:100) applied to genotype VI037996, with significantly improved FGP (82%), GI (238), and GRI (77%/day) when compared to the control. Overall, the current findings suggest the potential stimulatory effect of biostimulants (especially Kelpak®) on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds. However, this influence was strongly dependent on the type of genotype.

Download Full-text

The Effect of High Concentrations of Ethylene on Seed Germination of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x75-058 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 419-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carey Borno ◽

Iain E. P. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

High Concentrations

Stratified, imbibed Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seeds were exposed to 100% ethylene for times between 0 and 366 h. Germination rate and germination percentage were increased by treatments up to 48 h. The 12-h treatment gave largest stimulation; 30% enhancement of final germination percentage over control. Treatment for 96 h caused increased germination rate for the first 5 days but reduced the germination percentage. Germinants were subject to continuous exposure to atmospheres containing 0.1 – 200 000 ppm ethylene in air, but it did not stimulate growth, and the gas was inhibitory above 100 ppm. Although some effects of high concentrations of ethylene may have been due to the lowering of oxygen supplies, this alone was insufficient to account for the full inhibitory effect. The mechanism of stimulation by short-term exposure to ethylene is discussed.

Download Full-text

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43254286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽

Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽

Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽

Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽

Artemio Pérez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Chitosan Coating ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

Download Full-text