scholarly journals Impact of 8th October 2005 Earthquake Associated with Kashmir Boundary Thrust (KBT), Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Chaudhry ◽  
uzma Ashraf ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
Iftikhar Baloch ◽  
Hamid Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Rupture Zone ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Steep Slopes

An earthquake on Richter scale of 7.6 intensity, originated from part of a fault zone more than 200 km long between Balakot and Reasi region of Jammu. This fault joins Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ). The epicenter was 11 km North - Northeast of Muzaffarabad while the depth was 15 km. The rupture zone along Kashmir Boundary Thrust was about 70 km in length. The area of impact is predominantly high relief with steep slopes, V-shaped valleys, and gorges. As a consequence of this seismic activity, about 70,000 people died while three-quarters of a million people were displaced. Most Govt. buildings including schools collapsed. Framework structures, wooden buildings and some buildings of NGOs built to withstand strong earthquakes in the area generally survived with minor damage. Communication networks collapsed disrupting rescue operations. Unavailability of helicopters in sufficient numbers, the absence of disaster management organization, lack of experience in rescue operations, and absence of locally available heavy machinery like lifts, cranes, bulldozers made the rescue extremely difficult resulting in very heavy losses. The government of Pakistan allocated 5 billion dollars for rehabilitation. However, the major contributor to the rehabilitation effort was Saudi Arabia. Physical changes (drying up of springs, temporary damming of streams, and increase in erosion) and ecosystem services destruction resulted due to this earthquake. Balakot city site located on rupture zone was very poor but situation was excellent since it was and even now is a hub of trade plus tourism for both Northern areas (GB) as well as Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

A study of disaster preparedness of archives & museum in seismic zone - v, flood prone and conflict ridden Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffer Kabir Najar ◽  
Zahid Ashraf Wani
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bomb Threats ◽  
Descriptive Method

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a sense of urgency and utmost care for careful disaster management to encourage disaster preparedness for museums and archives.x In particular, this study examines the techniques and methods to be used for response and recovery from different disasters to save valuable resources. Design/methodology/approach A thorough review of literature was done to identify existing plans, strategies, preparedness and management of archives and museums. On the basis of the knowledge and experience gained, it was decided to use a descriptive method for this study. Among the different data collection modes available in the descriptive method, the study framed a structured questionnaire for the collection of data. Thereafter, the questionnaire was tested for loopholes by conducting a pilot study. The questionnaire evolved as such was used to collect data from select archives and museums. The collected data has been tabulated and analyzed in tune with the set objectives. The findings of this study have been correlated with relevant findings and conclusions of previous studies in this domain to provide a better overview and sanctify the revelations further. Findings From the current study, the authors find that the topological location of most of the institutions is near or on river banks which is the cause of concern at the time of heavy rains, after heavy snow fall and at the time of floods. It was also found that the majority of these institutions are located near highways which is also a serious concern in terms of noise, smoke, dust and vibrations produced by the plying of different types of transports on these highways. These kinds of unwanted disturbances create a negative atmosphere on the holdings, visitors and staff of these institutions.Although all of the institutions have apparently strong looking buildings that are made up of good material, the matter of concern is that only one institution (SPS museum) has a building which was specifically made for the purpose. As the state of Jammu and Kashmir is politically and geographically unstable, it is found that most of the institutions are prone to disasters like floods, earthquake and bomb threats which pose a threat to these valuable institutions and their valuable holdings.The most necessary and important parameter that is the training of the staff for disaster preparedness is not provided in majority of these institutions.Despite the fact that funds for majority of these institutions are provided by the government, the funds provided are insufficient for having fool-proof disaster preparedness and management. Research limitations/implications Because of tremendous significance of archives and museums in propagation and preservation of historical and cultural identity of any nation, culture, ethnicity or nation state, the current study sheds light on the status of these important institutions in a very important part of Central Asia. Kashmir in past has been the cradle of knowledge evolution and sharing in the region. As such, it possesses some of the very rare manuscripts and artifacts preserved in her archives and museums. Practical implications As this study is limited to select archives and museums of Jammu and Kashmir, the findings of this study may or may not represent the wider region of Central Asia.

scholarly journals The Influence of Land Use Change on Key Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships in a Mountain Region from Past to Future (1995–2050)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xuguang Tang ◽  
Shiqiu Lin ◽  
Hongyan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Steep Slopes

The ecosystem services (ESs) provided by mountain regions can bring about benefits to people living in and around the mountains. Ecosystems in mountain areas are fragile and sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding the effect of land use change on ESs and their relationships can lead to sustainable land use management in mountain regions with complex topography. Chongqing, as a typical mountain region, was selected as the site of this research. The long-term impacts of land use change on four key ESs (i.e., water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) and their relationships were assessed from the past to the future (at five-year intervals, 1995–2050). Three future scenarios were constructed to represent the ecological restoration policy and different socioeconomic developments. From 1995 to 2015, WY and SC experienced overall increases. CS and HQ increased slightly at first and then decreased significantly. A scenario analysis suggested that, if the urban area continues to increase at low altitudes, by 2050, CS and HQ are predicted to decrease moderately. However, great improvements in SC, HQ, and CS are expected to be achieved by the middle of the century if the government continues to make efforts towards vegetation restoration on the steep slopes.

An Efficiency Analysis of Micro Units in a Fragile Zone: A Panel Study of the Firms in J&K, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492922110448
Author(s):  
Javaid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Mehak Majeed ◽  
Saeed Owais Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
The Government

The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the community development in the developing world. In the fragile and backward regions, it is the micro enterprise that is considered to be the engine of growth and development. Being labour-intensive and requiring lesser capital input, the micro unit start-ups demand lesser investment in plant and machinery, attracting more and more potential entrepreneurs. Over the time, such units gain experience and knowledge becoming more efficient. This article studies the firms located in the fragile and geographically remote region of Jammu and Kashmir. The article uses a panel of 15 years from 2002 to 2016 based on the Annual Survey of Industries data. Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis, the article studies the MSMEs and the micro units. From the post-estimation, technical efficiency scores are attained for both MSMEs and the micro units. The results reveal that the micro units are more efficient than the MSMEs in general. Tobit regression is used to estimate the technical inefficiency model to determine the factors that contribute to the inefficiency present in the micro units. The results show that there is a negative relationship between the efficiency of the micro unit firms and the asset-liability ratio and the loan-liability ratio, while there is a positive relationship between the private ownership of the firm and the efficiency level. Age of the firm is considered separately to validate the ‘learning theory’ by Jovanovic. The article concludes by suggesting that the government must provide adequate boost and a big-push to the micro units in order to eradicate the widespread unemployment and fragility in the region. JEL Classification: F61, L25

scholarly journals Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of Kashmir, 1965–1975: From Externment to Enthronement

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Ankit
Keyword(s):  
New Delhi ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
The Government ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru ◽  
Conflictual Relationship

Ousted as Premier, Jammu and Kashmir, in August 1953 and anointed as Chief Minister in February 1975, the so-called ‘Lion of Kashmir’ Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was imprisoned, in between these years, ultimately on charges of treason, with brief intermissions. Much has been written about the politics of Kashmir dispute, less so about the Sheikh and his personal troubles especially after the death of his friend Jawaharlal Nehru in May 1964. This somewhat overshadowed decade of his life, in comparison with his hey-days of 1947–1953, shows the kind of settlement in Kashmir that the government of Indira Gandhi was willing to consider. More interestingly, it shows how Sheikh Abdullah was willing to agree to it and provides the context in which he moved from being in a conflictual relationship with New Delhi to becoming, once again, a collaborator in Srinagar in 1975, thereby showcasing the limits of Abdullah’s politics and popularity.

scholarly journals Communication Network Structure in Building Environmentally Friendly Behavior (The Case of a Dense Community in Bogor City)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Megafirmawanti Lasinta ◽  
Nurmala Katrina Pandjaitan ◽  
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
The Government

Efforts to solve environmental pollution in densely populated communities in urban areas are not only the responsibility of the government. Communities as part of social system also have an important role to control the environmental impacts of pollution. One way that community members must do in reducing environmental damage is familiarize environmentally friendly behavior. This research focuses on the analysis of environmentally friendly behavior of Pulo Geulis community members in Bogor City. Pulo Geulis is a Delta in the middle of the Ciliwung River which more or less contributes to whether or not the Ciliwung River is polluted in Bogor City. The communication process is an important factor in changing individual behavior. This study aimed to analyze the structure of community communication networks in developing environmentally friendly behavior. Primary data was obtained through a survey of 100 respondents and in-depth interviews with several informants. Data were analyzed using sociometric methods. The results of sociometric analysis showed that the structure of the community communication network in building community-friendly behavior is a radial personal network. This structure illustrated that community information centers are located in certain individuals such as head of RW, head of RT, or Posyandu cadres. The radial personal network in this study also described the formation of clique, star, bridge, and isolates in the community communication network at Pulo Geulis.

scholarly journals Kajian Tingkat Pencemaran Minyak Bumi Akibat Pengeboran Ilegal Berdasarkan Pemetaan Sungai Sumur Dan Fisika-Kimia Air Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Keluang Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

PROMINE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Harnani .
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Information Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

Water pollution is a thing that can affect the environment, especially on health and hygiene environment around. Sub Keluang Regency Musi Betung South Sumatra known to have oil drilling wells of the Earth where illegal do not fit a common standardization is done, so worried about polluted areas the surroundings. This research aims to study and know the impact of environmental pollution due to the illegal drilling by local people, as well as provide information research results to the Government and the police to cooperate in enforcing laws that have set. To find out which level contamination using a research method that is mapping rivers and wells include deskipsi the physical characteristics, such as water color, flavor, odor, retrieval example of a sample for the analysis of physical-chemical content of the water, and the projection of the level of public health. The result of the physical identification of the water as much as 8 samples were declared contaminated. Sampling see the provisions on physical changes on either the river or the well, the results of the analysis of physical-chemical water, found many chemical compounds which exceed standard pH obtained ranged from 6.25- 8.16 and types of groundwater salt (31-464 mg/L TDS), increase the value of pH and TDS is assumed to be due to saltwater waste results from drilling for petroleum is illegal, and the presence of chemical compounds, either the main or excessive accessories in water then it can affect health, which that is evidenced by the results of the projection of the level of public health from the years 2016 to now that continues to decline. referring to the decision of the Minister of State for the environment number: 115 the year 2003 on guidelines for the determination of the Status of Water quality by the State Minister for the environment using STORET method with a score of 16 (polluted medium).

Aral Sea and sustainable development

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Usmanova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Until 1960 the Aral Sea was considered the 4th largest lake in the world by surface area. The Aral Sea has two main inflows - the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers with about 30 tributaries. From early 1960s because of extensive water use - unreturned withdrawal of water for irrigation and consequent drying up of many tributaries before reaching the main rivers - the water level in the Aral Sea began falling very rapidly. In 1965 the Aral Sea received about 56 cubic km of fresh water yearly, but this number fell to zero by the early 1980s. By 1990 the level of the Aral Sea water fell by more than 17 m, the volume of water decreased by 75%, the salinity of seawater increased up to 30 g/l, and the surface area of the sea reduced from 66,400 sq. km to 31,500 sq. km. The ecological situation in Aral Sea zone has became very dramatic. It has led to the changing of climate in the region, irrigated soils becoming deserts, deterioration of underground and surface water quality, reducing of available water for domestic and agricultural needs, loss of Aral Sea fishing and transportation importance, numerous other problems and finally put the health of present and future generations under threat. This situation not only does not promote further development of the economy of the region, but has also caused damage with irreparable negative consequences. The fact is that the basis of the regional economy is fishing and other associated businesses. Since Uzbekistan is most agricultural country its economy has serious complications. In order to prevent further deepening of this catastrophe and to improve the present situation in this area the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan has developed a series of measures: in particular it developed efficient water use schemes, changing the cotton situation (that during the Soviet period was grown as monoculture) by planting less water-consuming varieties, reviewing using of fertilizers in agriculture etc. The Aral Sea drought became an international disaster. World Bank, UNESCO, BMBF and others attacked the problem to protect the Aral Sea.

scholarly journals V.—On some Physical Changes in the Earth's Crust

1889 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Charles Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
The West ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Hill ◽  
As If

On the western flanks of the Malverns, the Upper Silurians are folded in several great anticlinals and synclinals, formed parallel to the axis of the Hill itself. To the west of Ledbury and again near Woolhope these contorted strata dip beneath the Old Red Sandstone, which, as computed by Phillips, has a maximum thickness of 8000 feet, that of the Upper Silurians being 2690 feet.The thickness of the strata of which the Longmynd is formed has been estimated by the Government Surveyors at not less than 26,000 feet, as exposed in their highly inclined edges; the beds dipping at an average inclination of 60° to the W.N.W. They thus appear as if they had been tilted by pressure against the more ancient rocks of the Caer Caradoc Range.

scholarly journals Peran Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Aceh dalam Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstrusi Pembangunan Perpustakaan Pasca Tsunami Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Tectonic Earthquake ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

At the end of the year, December 26, 2004, the world was shocked by a tectonic earthquake and tsunami wave in Aceh province with 8.9 magnitude on the Richter Scale. It destroyed almost all of aspects, including psychological, social, cultural, economic, and infrastructure. The Archives and Library Agency of Aceh were also devastated by the tsunami tantrums, even though the library was not badly damaged. There is a lot of infrastructure reconstruction in Aceh, including the agency of the Archives and Library which carries out reconstruction and rehabilitation actions. It is hoped that the Aceh National Archives and Library Board will be able to get up and running as usual after the tsunami, although it takes time to realize these desires. This was clearly supported by the government through the reconstruction regulation of the Aceh Library building. This study aims to examine the extent of the role of National Archives and Library to carry out initial library revitalization to support the recovery effort. Although this study only provides an initial estimate of damage which is a natural indication. Indications are generally serious effects like an impact on the recovery of various sectors. The result from Interviews conducted by researchers was found that the development of library and maintenance infrastructure cannot be done alone, but they must build the cooperation each institutions, both by government agencies (central and regional), NGOs (local and abroad), as well as international organizations and other countries.

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