scholarly journals Word Senses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Rabagliati ◽  
Mahesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Senses

Across languages, most frequent words are also highly ambiguous, and carry multiple distinct but related senses of meaning. This chapter aims to explain why words have the particular senses that they do, discussing to what degree word senses are arbitrary cultural conventions or reflections of how speakers conceptualize the world around them. The chapter reviews theoretical proposals about the nature of word senses drawn from linguistics and psychology, and evaluates these proposals against a large recent body of experimental work on the topic. Finally, the chapter suggests that word senses reflect a balance between two communicative pressures: A pressure toward facilitating fast and efficient conversational exchanges, and one toward making languages easier for children to learn.

scholarly journals Word Senses

2019 ◽  
pp. 368-386
Author(s):  
Hugh Rabagliati ◽  
Mahesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Senses

Across languages, most frequent words are also highly ambiguous, and carry multiple distinct but related senses of meaning. This chapter aims to explain why words have the particular senses that they do, discussing to what degree word senses are arbitrary cultural conventions or reflections of how speakers conceptualize the world around them. The chapter reviews theoretical proposals about the nature of word senses drawn from linguistics and psychology, and evaluates these proposals against a large recent body of experimental work on the topic. Finally, the chapter suggests that word senses reflect a balance between two communicative pressures: a pressure toward facilitating fast and efficient conversational exchanges, and one toward making languages easier for children to learn.

Animals as Means of Evaluating Pasture Production

1948 ◽  
Vol 1948 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Agricultural Literature

The use of the animal as a means of evaluating pasture is an obvious approach to the problem, since this is the form in which the practical man will ultimately measure the return from his grassland. If anything has to be sacrificed it is the sward and not the animal, a point too often overlooked in our grassland work generally. Though many grazing trials of an observational nature are to be found in the early agricultural literature, the earliest experimental work was most probably that of the late Sir William Somerville. When Professor of Agriculture at Newcastle in 1897, he commenced the world-famous experiment at Cockle Park Agricultural Experimental Station on pasture improvement. An effort was then made to measure the effect of various systems of manuring in terms of the live-weight increase of sheep grazing on the different plots. In this experiment on Tree Field the relative values of the different systems of manuring were measured by weighing the sheep before and after the experimental period. In the early years the plots were stocked with hoggs, but in order to get closer grazing lambs and ewes are now used and have shown greater increases per acre.

Optimum Seeking Position Control of Solar Collectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
A.S. Kadalla ◽  
I.L. Samaila ◽  
N.Z. Oriolowo
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feedback Control Theory

The main hindrance to the widespread of solar systems is the cost of the solar collectors. Researchers all over the world have been exploring different means of overcoming this limitation in order to make solar conversion more cost effective. This paper describes an experimental work on optimum seeking position of solar collectors using feedback control theory. Single axis tracking mode is employed together with sun seek sensor for automatic reset. The performance of the tracking collector compares favorably against a fixed collector.

scholarly journals Intertextual Relationships in Literary Genres

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ayman F. Khafaga
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
King Lear ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Point Of Departure

Most contemporary playwrights acknowledge that Shakespeare’s dramas are for use as raw material to be assimilated into contemporary mould, not to be revered strictly as untouchable museum pieces. Being the model of all dramatists, Shakespeare had a great influence on English theatre, his plays are still performed throughout the world, and all kinds of new, experimental work find inspiration in them. This paper investigates the intertextual relationships between William Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606) and Edward Bond’s Lear (1978). The main objective of the paper is to explore the extent to which Bond manages to use Shakespeare’s King Lear as an intertext to convey his contemporary version of Shakespearean classic. Two research questions are tackled here: first, how does Shakespeare’s King Lear function as a point of departure for Bond’s contemporary version? Second, to what extent does Bond deviate from Shakespeare to prove his originality in Lear? The paper reveals that Bond’s manipulation of intertextuality does not mean that he puts his originality aside. He proves his originality by relating the events of the old story to contemporary issues which in turn makes the story keep pace with modern time.

scholarly journals BUILDING A PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A YOUNG TEACHER IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SUPPLEMENTARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Людмила Александровна Обухова ◽  
Ольга Анатольевна Попова ◽  
Ольга Егоровна Жиренко
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
The World ◽  
Young Teacher ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
The Russian Language

Актуализирована проблема формирования методической компетенции у молодых учителей начальных классов по математике, русскому языку, окружающему миру, литературному чтению. Представлены результаты опытно-экспериментальной работы посредством организации среди учителей комплексной диагностической работы, содержащей контрольные задания по всем предметам. Предлагаются варианты методической поддержки молодого учителя, включающие необязательные спецкурсы по выбору. The problem of the formation of methodological competence among young primary school teachers in mathematics, the Russian language, the world around, and literary reading has been actualized. The results of experimental work are presented through the organization of complex diagnostic work among teachers, containing control tasks in all subjects. Variants of methodological support for a young teacher are offered, including optional special courses of choice.

scholarly journals Sociocultural dominants of developing students’ value intentions: context of civilization challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Hanna Ivaniuk ◽  
Olha Oleksiuk ◽  
Maryna Vyshnevetska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Declining Demand

The study of the influence of sociocultural dominants on value intentions formation in young generation of specialists (teachers) is important for identifying useful ideas that can be implemented to improve axiological situation in the country and the world in accordance with civilization challenges. The article highlights a wide range of theoretical achievements and presents results of empirical research, which confirms positive dynamics of value intentions development in students of pedagogical and art specialties. Generalized conclusions about development of this important phenomenon in the context of declining demand for value dominants, are confirmed by statistics. The study was based on axiological, socio-cultural, systemic and interdisciplinary research. The research field consisted of educational institutions in Kyiv (Ukraine), the sample was 356 respondents (students of the first bachelor’s level). The adequacy of the applied experimental tools (questionnaires, Pedagogical essays) is proved. The experimental work was conducted online using Google services. The results of the study show positive dynamics of the value intentions development and a significant correlation between students’ motivation to value-oriented activities and sustainability of this direction in the future. The importance of sociocultural determinants in the development of value intentions in students of pedagogical specialties based on sociocultural knowledge is proved.

scholarly journals PROTEIN ADHESIN 38-KDA MIKOBAKTERIUM TUBERKULOSIS DAN SEL MAKROFAG PARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Maimun Zulhaidah A ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Bethasiwi Purbasari ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Adhesin Protein

Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is at the third level in the world. The effectiveness of TB vaccine in lung TB. prevention varies, thus,this has motivated the researcher to explore based material of vaccine with a higher effectivity. One of the alternate vaccines that hasdeveloped, is the sub unit one made from adhesin protein. The aim of this study was to know the kind of oral administration of 38 kDaadhesin protein of M. tuberculosis in determining so that it can increase the level of macrophage in lungs of BALB/c mice. This study wasan experimental work using BALB/c male mice that were immunized with 38 kDa adhesin protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis orally.The samples were chosen at random and divided into six (6) groups that consisted of: “100 μg protein +adjuvant ImmunostimulatingComplex (ISCOM)” group (n=5), “50 μg + adjuvant ISCOM” group (n=5), “100 μg” group (n=5), “50 μg” group (n=5), “ISCOM” group(n=5) and “negative control” group (n=5). The measurement of the variable in this study was the number of macrophages . The resultsshowed that the increasing number of macrophage had significant differences between each group. ANOVA test showed a significant levelat p<0.05. The conclusion of this study was that 38 kDa adhesin protein of M. tuberculosis peroral could increase the level of macrophagein the lung of BALB/c mice. The highest level of macrophages was the group induced by 100 μg 38 kDa adhesin protein of M. tuberculosisand adjuvant ISCOM.

scholarly journals Evaluating Indirect Strategies for Chinese-Spanish Statistical Machine Translation

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 761-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Costa-jussà ◽  
C. A. Henríquez ◽  
R. E. Banchs
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
System Output ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Language Pair

Although, Chinese and Spanish are two of the most spoken languages in the world, not much research has been done in machine translation for this language pair. This paper focuses on investigating the state-of-the-art of Chinese-to-Spanish statistical machine translation (SMT), which nowadays is one of the most popular approaches to machine translation. For this purpose, we report details of the available parallel corpus which are Basic Traveller Expressions Corpus (BTEC), Holy Bible and United Nations (UN). Additionally, we conduct experimental work with the largest of these three corpora to explore alternative SMT strategies by means of using a pivot language. Three alternatives are considered for pivoting: cascading, pseudo-corpus and triangulation. As pivot language, we use either English, Arabic or French. Results show that, for a phrase-based SMT system, English is the best pivot language between Chinese and Spanish. We propose a system output combination using the pivot strategies which is capable of outperforming the direct translation strategy. The main objective of this work is motivating and involving the research community to work in this important pair of languages given their demographic impact.

Evaluation of Waste Water Pollution

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
M. Dular ◽  
J. Zagorc-Končan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Autonomous Regions

Noxiousness of waste water is directly proportional to the level of its pollution. Different methods for the evaluation of waste water pollution are used throughout the world, the most common being the experimental evaluation method. The method of establishing the charge of pollution or harmfulness of waste water differs from one country to another depending on economic and political factors. This paper provides an overview of the evaluation of waste water pollution in individual Yugoslav republics and autonomous regions. Due to fundamental differences in methodology, the regulations do not assure an equivalent assessment of polluters throughout the country. Based on our experimental work and experience from other authors, a methodology for the evaluation of waste water pollution for Slovenia is suggested.

Sodium Fluosilicate as a Poison against the Hoppers of Locusta migratoria migratorioides, R. & F., in Nigeria

1932 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-461
Author(s):  
F. D. Golding
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Definite Advantage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
The World ◽  
Arsenical Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sodium Fluosilicate

(1) For the first time sodium fluosilicate has been tested as a poison against the hoppers of Locusta migratoria migratorioides. This poison was found to be as effective as sodium arsenite in baits when used at the same concentration, viz., 2·44%, but was slower in its action. When guinea-corn bran is used as the carrier it is necessary to add salt to the bait as an attractant; the reason for this is not known, fluosilicate baits containing sawdust, chopped hay and chaff from cereal crops respectively were effective without salt being added.(2) From an examination of the results of experimental work on the relative toxicities of sodium fluosilicate and arsenical compounds to domesticated animals in various parts of the world, it is concluded that the former is less toxic to stock, but that the increased degree of safety acquired through the use of sodium fluosilicate is not so great as is popularly supposed. A definite advantage of baits containing fluosilicate is that they are repellent to many animals, whereas baits containing sodium arsenite are attractive to stock.

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