scholarly journals Authenticity on the Fringe: A Bottom-Up Approach to the Study of the True Self

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Baldwin ◽  
Francesca Gino ◽  
Wilhelm Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
True Self ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
Immediate Experience ◽  
Main Effects

The quest for authenticity is a potent existential striving. Authenticity is commonly defined as the extent to which a person knows, and lives in accordance with their "true self." We propose that people can also infer whether they are being authentic from ambient feelings of fluency, or the subjective feeling of ease that corresponds to one's immediate experience, mental processing, or physical action. We report findings from four studies and a meta-analysis that support this view. Study 1 shows that experienced fluency during one’s most recent activity predicts authentic feelings independently of other relevant variables. In Study 2, participants’ recalled experiences of authenticity were also those that felt fluent. Study 3 was a pre-registered compliment to Study 2, and shows that participants' recalled experiences of fluency were also those that felt authentic. In a pre-registered Study 4, participants who generated self-defining attributes under cognitive load reported greater difficulty doing so and subsequently lower authenticity. Other attempts to manipulate fluency, reported in the Supplement, were successful in doing so, but did not produce reliable main effects on authenticity. Nevertheless, a robust correlation between self-reported fluency and authenticity was found in these studies. In Study 5, we meta-analyze this fluency-authenticity link using all relevant data collected during this project. We discuss how our phenomenological approach to authenticity can integrate, but also update, recent theorizing about the nature of authenticity and how this model can be used to further speculate about who and what can be authentic.

scholarly journals Bioprospecting of Sechium spp. varieties for the selection of characters with pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Iñiguez-Luna ◽  
Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Javier Morales-Flores ◽  
Moisés Cortes-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Relevant Variables

AbstractBioprospecting identifies new sources of compounds with actual or potential economic value that come from biodiversity. An analysis was performed regarding bioprospecting purposes in ten genotypes of Sechium spp., through a meta-analysis of 20 information sources considering different variables: five morphological, 19 biochemical, anti-proliferative activity of extracts on five malignant cell lines, and 188 polymorphic bands of amplified fragment length polymorphisms, were used in order to identify the most relevant variables for the design of genetic interbreeding. Significant relationships between morphological and biochemical characters and anti-proliferative activity in cell lines were obtained, with five principal components for principal component analysis (SAS/ETS); variables were identified with a statistical significance (< 0.7 and Pearson values ≥ 0.7), with 80.81% of the accumulation of genetic variation and 110 genetic bands. Thirty-nine (39) variables were recovered using NTSYSpc software where 30 showed a Pearson correlation (> 0.5) and nine variables (< 0.05), Finally, using a cladistics analysis approach highlighted 65 genetic bands, in addition to color of the fruit, presence of thorns, bitter flavor, piriform and oblong shape, and also content of chlorophylls a and b, presence of cucurbitacins, and the IC50 effect of chayote extracts on the four cell lines.

Metastudie industrieller Energieflexibilität*/Meta-analysis of industrial energy flexibility - An approach for optimizing the identification of energy flexibility potentials

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (09) ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
S. Eisenhauer ◽  
F. Zimmermann ◽  
M. Reichart ◽  
P. Accordi ◽  
A. Prof. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Large Spread ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
The Individual

Bisherige Studien über energetische Flexibilität in der deutschen Industrie weisen das vorhandene Flexibilitätspotenzial mit hoher Streuung aus. Diese Arbeit analysiert relevante Studien in Bezug auf deren Annahmen und Vorgehensweise. Aufbauend auf den bisherigen Vorgehensweisen wird ein Ansatz zur Erhebung der Daten im Produktionssystem vorgestellt. Des Weiteren wird eine Methode zur Aggregation der Daten hoch bis auf Branchenebene entwickelt. &nbsp; Previous studies on the energetic flexibility of German industry show potentials with a large spread. Therefore, in this article, a systematic analysis of the individual studies and an evaluation of the indicated flexibility potentials are carried out. Based on the existing methods, a bottom-up approach for collecting the data in the production system and the aggregation up to the industry level is presented.

Multimedia design for learning: An overview of reviews with meta-meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Noetel ◽  
Shantell Griffith ◽  
Oscar Delaney ◽  
Nicole Rose Harris ◽  
Taren Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Pedagogical Agents ◽  
Seductive Details ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Design For Learning ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Multimedia is ubiquitous in 21st-century education. Cognitive Load Theory and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning both postulate that the quality of multimedia design heavily influences learning. We sought to identify how to best design multimedia, and review how well those learning theories held up to meta-analyses. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews that tested the effects of multimedia design on learning or cognitive load. We found 29 reviews including 1,189 studies and 78,177 participants. We found 11 design principles that demonstrated significant, positive, meta-analytic effects on learning, and five that significantly improved management of cognitive load. The largest benefits were for captioning second-language videos, temporal/spatial contiguity, and signaling. We also found robust evidence for modality, animation, coherence/removing seductive details, anthropomorphics, segmentation, personalisation, pedagogical agents, and verbal redundancy effects. Good design was more important for more complex materials, and in system-paced environments (e.g., lectures) than self-paced ones (e.g., websites). Results supported many tenets of both theories. We highlight a range of evidence-based strategies that could be implemented by educators.

Relieving from Breathlessness in the Wind: A Meta-Analysis and Subjective Report of Effectiveness of Fan Blowing in Patients with Cardiorespiratory Diseases or Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110563
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Tsai ◽  
Kee-Hsin Chen ◽  
Hui-Fen Fang ◽  
Tsai-Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Male Patient ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Terminally Ill Patients ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objectives Breathlessness is common among terminally ill patients with cardiorespiratory disease or cancer. The experience may induce secondary physiological and behavioral responses that limit patient well-being and independence and cause emotional distress. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of fan blowing on breathlessness among patients with cardiorespiratory diseases or cancer. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, SCOPUS, and CINAHL databases were searched to retrieve potential articles. The primary outcome was breathlessness severity. The secondary outcomes were SpO2, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Also, we presented the changes of vital signs and subjective feeling of a male patient who used fan blowing for relieving his breathlessness. Results Eight RCTs were available for analysis. The pooled results demonstrated no significant difference in breathlessness severity between fan-to-face blowing and control methods (standard mean difference: −0.21, 95% confidence interval: −.59 to .17); however, a significant reduction in breathlessness severity was observed in the short-time intervention compared with long-time intervention. A trend occurred toward significance in the reduction of respiratory rate in fan-to-face blowing compared with control methods (MD: −.64, 95% CI: −1.37 to .09). No differences were observed between groups in oxygen saturation, anxiety, depression, or QoL. The male patient who used fan blowing showed an improved vital signs and a satisfied subjective feeling. Conclusions Consistent short-time fan-to-face blowing is effective for relieving breathlessness among conscious terminally ill patients with cardiorespiratory diseases or cancer. The use of this convenient method for relieving breathlessness symptoms in terminally ill patients is recommended.

Random main effects of treatment: A case study with a network meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Senn ◽  
Susanne Schmitz ◽  
Anna Schritz ◽  
Samir Salah
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Main Effects

TBLT implementation and evaluation: A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bryfonski ◽  
Todd H. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Traditional Grammar ◽  
Authentic Language ◽  
Main Effects

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is an empirically investigated pedagogy that has garnered attention from language programs across the globe. TBLT provides an alternative to traditional grammar translation or present-practice-produce pedagogies by emphasizing interaction during authentic tasks. Despite several previous meta-analyses investigating the effect of individual tasks or short-term task-based treatments on second language (L2) development, no studies to date have synthesized the effects of long-term implementation of TBLT in authentic language classrooms. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques to investigate the effectiveness of TBLT programs on L2 learning. Findings based on a sample of 52 studies revealed an overall positive and strong effect ( d = 0.93) for TBLT implementation on a variety of learning outcomes. The study further examined a range of programmatic and methodological features that moderated these main-effects (program region, institution type, needs analysis, and cycles of implementation). Additionally, synthesizing across both quantitative and qualitative data, results also showed positive stakeholder perceptions towards TBLT programs. The study concludes with implications for the domain of TBLT implementation, language program evaluation, and future research in this domain.

scholarly journals Bottom-Up Interventions Effective in Promoting Work Engagement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina M. Björk ◽  
Pernilla Bolander ◽  
Anna K. Forsman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Engagement Interventions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Promoting work engagement is of interest to organizations across sectors due to the associated positive outcomes. This interest warrants research on the evidence of work engagement interventions. Intervention research increasingly advocates a bottom-up approach, highlighting the role of employees themselves. These workplace interventions often encourage employees to identify, develop, and make use of workplace resources. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of these bottom-up, resource-developing interventions.Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the online databases Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Ultimate, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Publication year range was 2000–2020. Eligibility criteria were defined using PICOS. To be eligible for the systematic review, the intervention study identified had to aim at promoting working individuals’ work engagement by developing workplace resources from bottom-up. Work engagement had to be measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The systematic review included one-, two-, or multiple-armed – randomized or non-randomized – intervention studies with various study designs. Further, a meta-analysis was conducted on a sub-set of the studies included in the systematic review. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, the studies had to be two- or multiple-armed and provide the information necessary to compute effect sizes.Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review. The majority reported that overall work engagement increased as an effect of the intervention. The evidence regarding the sub-components of work engagement was scattered. Potential underlying mechanisms explored were intervention foci, approach, and format. Dimensions of satisfaction and performance were identified as secondary outcomes. Participant experiences were generally described as positive in most of the studies applying mixed methods. The meta-analysis showed a small but promising intervention effect on work engagement (24 studies, SMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.34 to −0.11, with I2=53%, indicating moderate inconsistency in the evidence).Conclusion: The synthesized evidence suggests that bottom-up, resource-developing interventions are effective in the promotion of work engagement. The meta-analysis suggests that focusing on strengths use or mobilizing ego resources and adopting a universal approach increase intervention effectiveness.

scholarly journals Engagement with fat talk as a function of social comparison and body image concerns: Two replication studies support main effects but do not support an interaction effect.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Victor Pollet ◽  
Sarah Dawson ◽  
Martin Tovee ◽  
Piers Cornelissen ◽  
Katri Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Talk ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Multiplicative Relationship ◽  
Main Effects

Verbal denigration of personal body size and shape (“fat talk”) and engagement in social comparison has been linked to the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disordered behaviour. A key question is whether the relationship between these two predictors is additive or multiplicative, as the latter relationship would imply a far more serious impact on body dissatisfaction. A previous report has suggested a multiplicative relationship, and in two separate studies we replicated this study. In each study, female participants filled in fat talk, social comparison and body dissatisfaction measures. In the first study, 189 UK participants took part and in the second study, 371 US participants took part. Both studies found significant correlations between all three measures but no interaction effect, consistent with an additive not a multiplicative relationship. In a further test, we used a mini meta-analysis to combine the results of the two studies reported here with the results of the original study. Again, we found no evidence of an interaction. In conclusion, these studies show an additive relationship between fat talk and social comparison, suggesting their impact on body image is serious but not as serious as previously reported.

scholarly journals A Review Predictive Mathematical Modeling of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete: evolution, current understanding and the knowledge gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e449101119810
Author(s):  
Dhiego Henrique Ferreira Revoredo ◽  
Ana Cecília Vieira Nobrega ◽  
Arnaldo Manoel Pereira Carneiro ◽  
João Emanuell Araújo Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Concrete Degradation

Predictive mathematical models have been proposed in alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Predicting concrete degradation and its effects on mechanical properties is of interest given the long time until degradation becomes critical for intervention and recovery, and difficult structural access for predictive and corrective monitoring and treatment. The present paper presents a general overview of the evolution of the aforementioned predictive mathematical models, interrelating them to the maturation of the phenomenological state of the art associated with ASR.  For this purpose, a systematic literature review was used, followed by bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis. In this study, 104 articles from 1974 to 2020 were selected, of which 31 articles were reviewed on the topic of mathematical modeling of ASR. The results of the method indicated the importance of the methodological approach of literature review to provide a comprehensive and chronological view of the evolution of ASR consolidated in the literature. It was found that the mathematical models have evolved considering the phenomenological approach of ASR.

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