scholarly journals Associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and fetal growth are specific to infant sex: Findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Braithwaite ◽  
Jonathan Hill ◽  
Andrew Pickles ◽  
Vivette Glover ◽  
Kieran O’Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Infant Birth

Recent findings highlight that there are prenatal risks for affective disorders that are mediated by glucocorticoid mechanisms, and may be specific to females. There is also evidence of sex differences in prenatal programming mechanisms and developmental psychopathology, whereby effects are in opposite directions in males and females. As birth weight is a risk for affective disorders, we sought to investigate whether maternal prenatal cortisol may have sex-specific effects on fetal growth. The Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS) cohort (n=1233) included a stratified subsample (n=241) who provided maternal saliva samples, assayed for cortisol, at home over two days at 32 weeks gestation (on waking, 30-minutes post-waking, and during the evening). Measures of infant birth weight (corrected for gestational age) were taken from hospital records. General population estimates of associations between variables were obtained using inverse probability weights. Maternal log of the area under the curve (LogAUC) cortisol predicted infant birth weight in a sex-dependent manner (interaction term p=0.040). There was a positive association between maternal prenatal cortisol in males, and a negative association in females. A sex-interaction in the same direction was evident when using the waking (p=0.010), and 30-minute post waking (p=0.013) cortisol measures, but not the evening measure. There was no interaction between prenatal cortisol and sex to predict gestational age. Our findings add to an emerging body of literature that suggests that there may be sex-specific mechanisms that underpin fetal programming. Further understanding of these mechanisms is important for tailoring intervention and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Associations between maternal prenatal cortisol and fetal growth are specific to infant sex: findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Braithwaite ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
A. Pickles ◽  
V. Glover ◽  
K. O’Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
General Population ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Infant Birth

AbstractRecent findings highlight that there are prenatal risks for affective disorders that are mediated by glucocorticoid mechanisms, and may be specific to females. There is also evidence of sex differences in prenatal programming mechanisms and developmental psychopathology, whereby effects are in opposite directions in males and females. As birth weight is a risk for affective disorders, we sought to investigate whether maternal prenatal cortisol may have sex-specific effects on fetal growth. Participants were 241 mothers selected from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS) cohort (n=1233) using a psychosocial risk stratifier, so that responses could be weighted back to the general population. Mothers provided saliva samples, which were assayed for cortisol, at home over 2 days at 32 weeks gestation (on waking, 30-min post-waking and during the evening). Measures of infant birth weight (corrected for gestational age) were taken from hospital records. General population estimates of associations between variables were obtained using inverse probability weights. Maternal log of the area under the curve cortisol predicted infant birth weight in a sex-dependent manner (interaction termP=0.029). There was a positive and statistically significant association between prenatal cortisol in males, and a negative association in females that was not statistically significant. A sex interaction in the same direction was evident when using the waking (P=0.015), and 30-min post-waking (P=0.013) cortisol, but not the evening measure. There was no interaction between prenatal cortisol and sex to predict gestational age. Our findings add to an emerging literature that suggests that there may be sex-specific mechanisms that underpin fetal programming.

scholarly journals The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Beck Jensen ◽  
Signe Vielwerth ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
Henrik Leffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
J. Urrusti ◽  
P. Yoshida ◽  
L. Velasco ◽  
S. Frenk ◽  
A. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

Associations of Birth Weight for Gestational Age with Child Health and Neurodevelopment among Term Infants: A Nationwide Japanese Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 135-141.e4
Author(s):  
Kei Tamai ◽  
Takashi Yorifuji ◽  
Akihito Takeuchi ◽  
Yu Fukushima ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjory L. Givens ◽  
Chanley M. Small ◽  
Metrecia L. Terrell ◽  
Lorraine L. Cameron ◽  
Heidi Michels Blanck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Infant Birth

scholarly journals Expression of placental regulatory genes is associated with fetal growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya A. Deyssenroth ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Marina Lacasaña ◽  
Yoko Nomura ◽  
Carmen Marsit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe placenta is the principal organ regulating respiratory, nutritional, endocrine and metabolic functions on behalf of the developing fetus. Changes in gene expression patterns of placenta-specific genes may influence fetal growth. We profiled the expression of 17 genes related to placenta functioning in term placentas (n=677) to identify genes differentially expressed across birth weight categories [small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age].

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