scholarly journals Assessment of transparent and reproducible research practices in the psychiatry literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Sherry ◽  
Jonathan Pollard ◽  
Daniel Tritz ◽  
Branden Carr ◽  
Aaron Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Core Components

Objective: Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific advancement; however, many published works may lack the core components needed for study reproducibility. In this study, we evaluate the state of transparency and reproducibility in the field of Psychiatry.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study design was used. From a random sample of 300 publications in PubMed-indexed psychiatry journals, two researchers extracted data in a duplicate and blinded fashion using a piloted Google Form. For this study, we included publications from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. The publications were evaluated for indicators of reproducibility and transparency, which included the availability of materials, data, protocol, analysis script, preregistration, open access, financial conflicts of interest, funding sources, and pre-registration in an online repository. Results: Our study identified 158 journals meeting the inclusion criteria and 90,281 publications from within the timeframe. Of the 300 randomly sampled, 4 were inaccessible, resulting in a final sample of 296 publications. Of the 296, only 107 (36%) were publically available online. Regarding reproducibility, 17 publications gave access to necessary materials, 4 provided an in-depth protocol, and 1 contained the raw data required to reproduce the outcomes.Conclusions: Currently, researchers in the field of Psychiatry do not adhere to practices that promote reproducibility and transparency. Change is therefore needed. This study presents a reference point for the state of reproducibility and transparency in psychiatry literature, and future assessments are recommended to evaluate progress.

scholarly journals Assessment of transparent and reproducible research practices in the psychiatry literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e100149
Author(s):  
Caroline Elizabeth Sherry ◽  
Jonathan Z Pollard ◽  
Daniel Tritz ◽  
Branden K Carr ◽  
Aaron Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Number Of Publications

BackgroundReproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific advancement; however, many published works may lack the core components needed for study reproducibility.AimsIn this study, we evaluate the state of transparency and reproducibility in the field of psychiatry using specific indicators as proxies for these practices.MethodsAn increasing number of publications have investigated indicators of reproducibility, including research by Harwicke et al, from which we based the methodology for our observational, cross-sectional study. From a random 5-year sample of 300 publications in PubMed-indexed psychiatry journals, two researchers extracted data in a duplicate, blinded fashion using a piloted Google form. The publications were examined for indicators of reproducibility and transparency, which included availability of: materials, data, protocol, analysis script, open-access, conflict of interest, funding and online preregistration.ResultsThis study ultimately evaluated 296 randomly-selected publications with a 3.20 median impact factor. Only 107 were available online. Most primary authors originated from USA, UK and the Netherlands. The top three publication types were cohort studies, surveys and clinical trials. Regarding indicators of reproducibility, 17 publications gave access to necessary materials, four provided in-depth protocol and one contained raw data required to reproduce the outcomes. One publication offered its analysis script on request; four provided a protocol availability statement. Only 107 publications were publicly available: 13 were registered in online repositories and four, ten and eight publications included their hypothesis, methods and analysis, respectively. Conflict of interest was addressed by 177 and reported by 31 publications. Of 185 publications with a funding statement, 153 publications were funded and 32 were unfunded.ConclusionsCurrently, Psychiatry research has significant potential to improve adherence to reproducibility and transparency practices. Thus, this study presents a reference point for the state of reproducibility and transparency in Psychiatry literature. Future assessments are recommended to evaluate and encourage progress.

scholarly journals Assessment of Self-Efficacy for Combining the Five Types of Food Groups of Fifth and Sixth Grade Children Who Belonged to Soccer Clubs and Their Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Satoko Ozawa ◽  
Shuko Tanakadate ◽  
Chinatsu Watanabe ◽  
Naomi Omi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bias Score ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Consumption

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to develop self-efficacy scale for “combining the five types of food groups” for fifth and six grade children in sports clubs and their parents. Methods This was cross-sectional study. The subjects were one hundred fifth and sixth grade Japanese boys who belonged to two soccer clubs and their parents. Children assessed their dietary consumption for a week, and both children and parents examined self-efficacy about “combining the five types of food groups”. Dietary consumption was based on the five types of food groups, that is “shushoku(grains)”, “shusai(protein)”, ” hukusai(vegetables)”, fruit, dairy. Six and seven self-efficacy items were set for children and their parents. Each response was rated on a five-point Likert scale. Players were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you eat a meal that combines the five food groups in the following situations?” There were 6 responses. Parents were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you always prepare a meal that combines the five food groups for your children in the following situations?” There were 7 response items. Results No items had a bias score of more than 50% in the sports players, and three items were excluded in the analysis of the parents. Result of the exploratory factor analysis, four items were selected for players and four for their parents. Self-efficacy scores were Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.77 for players and 0.81 for their parents, which confirms sufficient reliability. The number of answers for the selected self-efficacy items were totaled as self-efficacy scores. Children's self-efficacy scores were significantly associated with “hukusai”. Parents’ self-efficacy scores were significantly all types of food. Conclusions These findings suggest that self-efficacy scale of combining five types of food groups could be evaluated for fifth and sixth grade children who belonged to soccer clubs and their parents. Funding Sources The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this study.

scholarly journals Reporting of drug trial funding sources and author financial conflicts of interest in Cochrane and non-Cochrane meta-analyses: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e035633
Author(s):  
Kimberly Turner ◽  
Andrea Carboni-Jiménez ◽  
Carla Benea ◽  
Katharine Elder ◽  
Brooke Levis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectiveTo (1) investigate the extent to which recently published meta-analyses report trial funding, author–industry financial ties and author–industry employment from included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), comparing Cochrane and non-Cochrane meta-analyses; (2) examine characteristics of meta-analyses independently associated with reporting funding sources of included RCTs; and (3) compare reporting among recently published Cochrane meta-analyses to Cochrane reviews published in 2010.DesignReview of consecutive sample of recently published meta-analyses.Data sourcesMEDLINE database via PubMed searched on 19 October 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting articlesWe selected the 250 most recent meta-analyses listed in PubMed that included a documented search of at least one database, statistically combined results from ≥2 RCTs and evaluated the effects of a drug or class of drugs.Results90 of 107 (84%) Cochrane meta-analyses reported funding sources for some or all included trials compared with 21 of 143 (15%) non-Cochrane meta-analyses, a difference of 69% (95% CI 59% to 77%). Percent reporting was also higher for Cochrane meta-analyses compared with non-Cochrane meta-analyses for trial author–industry financial ties (44% versus 1%; 95% CI for difference 33% to 52%) and employment (17% versus 1%; 95% CI for difference 9% to 24%). In multivariable analysis, compared with Cochrane meta-analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for reporting trial funding was ≤0.11 for all other journal category and impact factor combinations. Compared with Cochrane reviews from 2010, reporting of funding sources of included RCTs among recently published Cochrane meta-analyses improved by 54% (95% CI 42% to 63%), and reporting of trial author–industry financial ties and employment improved by 37% (95% CI 26% to 47%) and 10% (95% CI 2% to 19%).ConclusionsReporting of trial funding sources, trial author–industry financial ties and trial author–industry employment in Cochrane meta-analyses has improved since 2010 and is higher than in non-Cochrane meta-analyses.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Assessment of Saudi Parents’ Beliefs and Behaviors towards Management of Child Fever in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5217
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al Arifi ◽  
Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Thermometer ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was applied over a period of 3 months, from January to March 2018, to parents who were living in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were a parent who is a resident of Saudi Arabia, with at least one child aged 6 years or less, while incomplete questionnaires, having a child aged more than 6 years, or parents who were not living in Saudi Arabia were excluded. Results: A total of 656 parents completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds of the subjects were female, the majority of whom were aged between 25–33 years old. The best-reported place to measure the temperature of children was the armpit (46%), followed by the ear (28%) and the mouth (10.7%). More than half of the parents considered their children feverish at a temperature of 38 °C. The majority of parents (79.7%) reported that the most serious side effects of fever were seizure, brain damage (39.3%), coma (29.9%), dehydration (29.7%), and death (25%). The most common method used to measure a child’s temperature was an electronic thermometer (62.3%). The most common antipyretic was paracetamol (84.5%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the good knowledge of parents in identifying a feverish temperature using the recommended route and tools for measuring body temperature.

Violence Against Women During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Jana Berro ◽  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Stress Score

The objectives of this study were to correlate several factors - including depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem levels in both men and women - with the occurrence of domestic violence against women (VAW) during quarantine. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdown procedures were implemented; 86 married couples participated in this study amounting to 172 responses in total. A different questionnaire was set for women and men; the couple filled out their respective questionnaire simultaneously, but privately where one did not see the answers of the other. Inclusion criteria included married couples of all ages that are living together during the lockdown of COVID-19. The results of this study showed that a higher total abuse score was found in 39 females (45.3%; CI: 0.34 - 0.56). Being a Muslim female (Beta =24.80) and females having higher anxiety (Beta=0.97) were significantly associated with higher total abuse scores, whereas higher stress score in female (Beta=-0.61) was significantly associated with lower total abuse scores. In conclusion, this study focuses on VAW as a serious problem while demonstrating its further emergence during quarantine. This study also focused on the effects brought on by lockdown policies, including social and economic factors, and their implications in the increase of VAW during this pandemic.

Comparison of Working Length Determination in Mandibular Single-Rooted Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ruqayya Sana ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Rashid Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Working Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare working length calculated with conventional radiographs and an electronic apex locator (IPEX II) during the root canal treatment of mandibular anterior teeth. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar during February and March 2018. A consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling. Only 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study. Detailed medical and dental history was taken. Only patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The mean age for patients was 45.33±5.16. 33% out of 30 patients (10) were male and 20 were females. The mean working length calculated from radiographs was 22.25±1.29 (min 20.09-max 24.10). The mean working length calculated by the electronic apex locator (IPEX II) was 22.17±1.28 (min 20.00-max 24.07). The mean difference between working length calculated by radiograph and electronic apex locator was -0.084mm, which means the working length determined by radiographs and by electronic apex locator has no difference in mandibular anterior teeth with single canals. CONCLUSION: Both the methods can be used effectively in endodontics for single-rooted mandibular teeth, but if both are used in combinations can lead to an improvement in the working length accuracy, which may significantly reduce the number of radiographs exposure, and increase the success and comfort for endodontic patients. KEYWORDS: Working Length, Apex Locator, Conventional Radiograph

scholarly journals Differences in phosphatemia and frequency of consumption of dietary sources of phosphorus in hemodialysis patients in southern and northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Baggio Nerbass ◽  
Edcléia Regina Canzi ◽  
Renata dos Anjos Araujo ◽  
Dyane Corrêa ◽  
Rafaela Gonzaga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pork Sausages

Abstract Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is associated with unfavorable outcomes, and the percentage of patients presenting with this condition in hemodialysis (HD) in kidney foundation units in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) is historically higher than that of patients in the state of Tocantins (TO). Objective: To assess the frequency of consumption of the main dietary sources of phosphorus and to compare them between the two states. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 123 patients, 66 of SC and 57 of TO: 52% were men, average age was 46.9 ± 15.7 years, and mean HD time 48 (57-71) months. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 33 items that are dietary sources of phosphorus was applied. A consumption score was calculated for sources of organic, inorganic, and total phosphorus, and the six-month average of phosphatemia was obtained. Results: The mean phosphatemia of SC patients was higher (6.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.7 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p <0001) than TO patients, as well as the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (62% vs 28%; p <10001). In the total sample, the foods most frequently consumed were milk and beans. Comparing the frequency of consumption between the two states, a significant difference was found in 17 items. In TO, beef and beans were the foods most frequently consumed, and in SC, fourteen other items of the FFQ (pork, sausages, dairy products, etc.) were the most frequently consumed. Phosphatemia correlated with the frequency of consumption of inorganic phosphorus sources. Conclusion: the frequency of consumption of several items was different between the states, and this explains the differences in phosphatemia between the two regions.

scholarly journals Judicial demand of medications through the Federal Justice of the State of Paraná

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Mitsunori Nisihara ◽  
Ana Carolina Possebom ◽  
Luiza de Martino Cruvinel Borges ◽  
Ana Claudia Athanasio Shwetz ◽  
Fernanda Francis Benevides Bettes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online System ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the profile of lawsuits related to drug requests filled at the Federal Justice of the State of Paraná. Methods A cross-sectional study, and the data were obtained through consulting the lawsuits at the online system of the Federal Justice of Paraná. Results Out of 347 lawsuits included in the study, 55% of plaintiffs were women, with a median age of 56 years. Oncology was the field with more requests (23.6%), and the highest mean costs. A wide variety of diseases and broad variety of requested drugs were found in the lawsuits. Approximately two-thirds of them were requested by the brand name, and the most often requested drugs were palivizumab and tiotropium bromide. Only 14.5% of the requested medicines were registered in the National Medication Register. The Public Defender’s Office filled actions in 89.6% of cases and all lawsuits had an interim relief. The mean time for approval was 35 days and 70% of requests were granted. Conclusion Oncology was the field with the highest demand for medicines at the Federal Justice of Paraná in 2014. A great variety of medications was requested. The Public Defender´s Office represented most lawsuits. All demands had an interim relief, and the majority of requests were granted, within an average of 35 days.

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