Validating a Standardized Approach to the Taylor Aggression Paradigm

Laboratory Measure ◽

The Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) is a frequently-used laboratory measure of aggression. However, the flexibility inherent in its implementation and analysis can undermine its validity. To test whether the TAP is a valid aggression measure irrespective of this flexibility, we conducted two preregistered studies (Study 1 N = 177, Study 2 N = 167) of a standardized version of the TAP. Across both studies, TAP scores showed agreement with other laboratory aggression measures, were magnified by an experimental provocation manipulation, and were associated with traits typically linked to aggressive behavior. Mixed evidence was found for the external and discriminant validity of the task. Individual responses largely loaded onto a single component, suggesting that the aggregate scoring approach accurately represents the underlying data structure. These results provide preliminary support for the internal validity of this TAP approach and highlight the utility of preregistration in psychometric research.

A Preregistered Validation Study of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm

10.31234/osf.io/8jgca ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Skylan Chester

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Validation Study ◽

Real World ◽

External Validity ◽

State Level ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Laboratory Measure ◽

Behavioral Tasks ◽

The Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) is a frequently-used laboratory measure of aggressive behavior. However, the flexibility inherent in its implementation and analysis can undermine its validity. To test whether the TAP was a valid aggression measure irrespective of this flexibility, I conducted a preregistered study of a 25-trial version of the TAP using a single scoring approach with 160 diverse undergraduate participants. TAP scores showed agreement with other laboratory aggression measures and were magnified by an experimental provocation manipulation. Mixed evidence was found for associations with aggressive dispositions and real-world violence. These results provide preliminary support for this approach to the TAP to measure state-level aggressive behavior. However, more evidence is needed to assess the TAP’s external validity and ability to measure dispositional forms of aggression. Using preregistered designs, researchers should validate specific variants of their behavioral tasks in order to optimize the veridicality and reproducibility of psychological science.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form: An Examination of Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, and Relationship to Aggression in an Incarcerated Offender Sample

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191120916790 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112091679

Author(s):

Ashley L. Dunne ◽

Justin S. Trounson ◽

Jason Skues ◽

Jeff E. Pfeifer ◽

James R. P. Ogloff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Male Offenders ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF), and its relationship to aggression in 438 incarcerated Australian male offenders. Results provide support for the internal consistency and five-factor and bifactor structure of the PID-5-BF. The PID-5-BF total score, as well as the domains of Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Negative Affect (low), demonstrated significant relationships with aggression. These results provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF within prison settings, and suggest that a PID-5-BF assessment may be useful within forensic settings to screen for broad maladaptive personality characteristics that are indicative of a greater propensity for aggressive behavior.

A Novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale to Predict Preferred Pleasantness Associated with Forest Environments

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6731

Author(s):

Ernest Bielinis ◽

Jianzhong Xu ◽

Aneta Anna Omelan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Evaluation Instrument ◽

Psychometric Test ◽

Connectedness To Nature ◽

Dense Forest

In this study, a method for predicting the preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments, represented by virtual photographs, was proposed and evaluated using a novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale psychometric test. The evaluation questionnaire contained twenty-one items divided into four different subscales. The factor structure was assessed in two separate samples collected online (sample 1: n = 254, sample 2: n = 280). The internal validity of the four subscales was confirmed using exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was tested and confirmed using the Amoebic Self Scale (spatial–symbolic domain). Concurrent validity was confirmed using the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Predictive validity was based on an assessment of pleasantness induced by nine different photographs (control—urban landscapes, forest landscapes, dense forest landscapes), with subscales differently correlated with the level of pleasantness assessed for each photograph. This evaluation instrument is appropriate for predicting preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments.

On the Complexity of Aggressive Behavior: Contextual and Individual Factors in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00521 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carmen Weidler ◽

Ute Habel ◽

Philippa Hüpen ◽

Dilsa Akkoc ◽

Frank Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Taylor Aggression Paradigm

A Novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale to Predict Preferred Pleasantness Associated with Forest Environments

10.20944/preprints202008.0343.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ernest Bielinis ◽

Jianzhong Xu ◽

Aneta Anna Omelan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Evaluation Instrument ◽

Psychometric Test ◽

Connectedness To Nature ◽

Dense Forest

In this study a method for predicting the preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments, represented by virtual photographs, was proposed and evaluated using a novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale psychometric test. The evaluation questionnaire contained twenty-one items divided into four different subscales. The factor structure was assessed in two separate samples collected online (sample 1: N = 254, sample 2: N = 280). The internal validity of the four subscales was confirmed using an exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was tested and confirmed using the Amoebic Self Scale (Spatial-Symbolic domain). Concurrent validity was confirmed using the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Predictive validity was based on assessment of pleasantness induced by nine different photographs (control – urban landscapes, forest landscapes, dense forest landscapes), with subscales differently correlated with the level of pleasantness assessed for each photograph. This evaluation instrument is appropriate for predicting preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments.

Effects of HEXACO Traits and Experimental Provocation on Aggression

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 227 (3) ◽

pp. 225-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bojana M. Dinić ◽

Snežana Smederevac

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Time Task

Abstract. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of HEXACO traits and levels of provocation on aggressive behavior. The sample consisted of 168 participants randomly assigned to no-, low- or high-provocation conditions. Aggression was induced by the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, in which participants competed in a reaction time task wherein they received “punishments,” depending on the condition. The participants were also able to deliver the punishments, which represented the measure of aggression. Results showed that Honesty-Humility had substantively negative effects on aggression, regardless of the condition. Surprisingly, Agreeableness was unrelated to aggression. The results highlight the role of Honesty-Humility in aggression.

Self-Efficacy in Retrieving Positive Emotional Experience and Using Humor

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 409-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Gerbino ◽

Michaela Milioni ◽

Guido Alessandri ◽

Nancy Eisenberg ◽

Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Negative Experience ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Recent research has pointed to the benefits of positive emotions and their appropriate modulation in buffering the impact of negative experience, and in promoting well-being. Two studies examined the psychometric properties of a new scale that was designed to assess perceived self-efficacy in using memories of positive emotional experiences and humor to face challenges and to cope with stressful experiences. In the first study, we examined the factor structure and internal validity of two scales in youths from the United States (N = 1,277), Italy (N = 363), and Spain (N = 223). In the second study, we examined correlations of the two scales with positive affect, as well as other indicators of well-being and adjustment in the three countries (US: N = 499; Italian and Spanish samples of Study 1). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported two distinct factors and showed acceptable partial invariance of the scales across countries. Correlations supported the scales’ construct and discriminant validity. Overall, the findings corroborated the psychometric properties of the two scales and the view of retrieval of positive emotional experiences and humor as distinct self-regulatory strategies.

Dispositional Mindfulness as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Perceived Partner Infidelity and Women’s Dating Violence Perpetration

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515604415 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 250-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Meagan J. Brem ◽

Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger ◽

Heather Zapor ◽

Joanna Elmquist ◽

Ryan C. Shorey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

College Women ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Mindfulness Intervention ◽

Violence Perpetration ◽

Physical Dating Violence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mindfulness gained increased attention as it relates to aggressive behavior, including dating violence. However, no known studies examined how the combined influences of dispositional mindfulness and perceived partner infidelity, a well-documented correlate of dating violence, relate to women’s dating violence perpetration. Using a sample of college women ( N = 203), we examined the relationship between perceived partner infidelity and physical dating violence perpetration at varying levels of dispositional mindfulness, controlling for the influence of alcohol use. Results indicated perceived partner infidelity and dating violence perpetration were positively related for women with low and mean dispositional mindfulness, but not for women with high dispositional mindfulness. These results further support the applicability of mindfulness theory in the context of dating violence. Implications of the present findings provide preliminary support for mindfulness intervention in relationships characterized by infidelity concerns.

Self-Distancing as a Strategy to Regulate Affect and Aggressive Behavior in Athletes: An Experimental Approach to Explore Emotion Regulation in the Laboratory

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Alena Michel-Kröhler ◽

Aleksandra Kaurin ◽

Lutz Felix Heil ◽

Stefan Berti

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Self ◽

Sports And Exercise ◽

And Behavior ◽

Regulation Of Emotion

Self-regulation, especially the regulation of emotion, is an important component of athletic performance. In our study, we tested the effect of a self-distancing strategy on athletes’ performance in an aggression-inducing experimental task in the laboratory. To this end, we modified an established paradigm of interpersonal provocation [Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP)], which has the potential to complement field studies in order to increase our understanding of effective emotion regulation of athletes in critical situations in competitions. In our experimental setting, we first tested the applicability of the self-distancing perspective and the athletes’ ability to dynamically adapt besides the self-distanced perspective a self-immersed perspective to provocation in the TAP. Secondly, we investigated how this altered perspective modulated regulatory abilities of negative affectivity, anger, and aggression. The experiment consisted of two conditions in which the participant adopted either a self-immersed or a self-distanced perspective. Forty athletes (female: 23; male: 17) from different team (n = 27) and individual sports (n = 13) with a mean age of 23.83 years (SD = 3.41) competed individually in a reaction-time task against a (fictitious) opponent. Results show that athletes are equally able to adopt both perspectives. In addition, within-person analyses indicate that self-distancing decreased aggressive behavior and negative affect compared to the self-immersed perspective. Our results suggest that self-distancing modulates different levels of athletes’ experience (i.e., affect and anger) and behavior. Furthermore, this demonstrates the feasibility of testing self-regulation of emotion in athletes in a laboratory setting and allows for further application in research in sports and exercise psychology.

Measuring the quality of main meals: Validation of a meal quality index

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652018000600006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 567-575

Author(s):

Bartira GORGULHO ◽

Gerda Karolien POT ◽

Flavia Mori SARTI ◽

Regina Mara FISBERG ◽

Dirce Maria MARCHIONI

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Significance Level ◽

Meal Quality ◽

Main Meal

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the internal validity and reliability of an index developed to assess the nutritional quality of meals. Methods The Main Meal Quality Index is composed of ten components. The final scores range from 0-100 points. The index performance was measured using strategies for assessing content validity, construct validity, discriminant validity and reliability. The analyses were performed using the Stata statistical software at a 5% significance level. Results The index was positively associated with carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, fibers, vitamins, folate and potassium and negatively associated with energy, total fat, saturated fat, animal protein, cholesterol, phosphorus, sodium, added sugar, and cholesterol biomarker. Significant differences were found between the two groups with marked disparities in dietary quality, smokers (50.2 points) and non-smokers (53.5 points). Conclusion The index might be a useful tool for assessing the nutritional quality of meals and for monitoring and comparing groups.