scholarly journals Turkish Emotional Word Norms for Arousal, Valence, and Discrete Emotion Categories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aycan Kapucu ◽  
Aslı Kılıç ◽  
yıldız Özkılıç-Kartal ◽  
Bengisu Sarıbaz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Discrete Emotion ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Word Norms ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normative Ratings ◽  
Arousal And Valence

The present study combined dimensional and categorical approaches to emotion to develop normative ratings for a large set of Turkish words on two major dimensions of emotion: arousal and valence, as well as on five basic emotion categories of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust. A set of 2031 Turkish words obtained by translating ANEW (Bradley & Lang, 1999) words to Turkish and pooling from the Turkish Word Norms (Tekcan & Göz, 2005) were rated by a large sample of 1685 participants. This is the first comprehensive and standardized word set in Turkish offering discrete emotional ratings in addition to dimensional ratings along with concreteness judgments. Consistent with ANEW and word databases in several other languages, arousal increased as valence became more positive or more negative. As expected, negative emotions (anger, sadness, fear, and disgust) were positively correlated with each other; whereas the positive emotion, happiness, was negatively correlated with the negative emotion categories. Data further showed that the valence dimension was strongly correlated with happiness and the arousal dimension was mostly correlated with fear. These findings show highly similar and consistent patterns with word sets provided in other languages in terms of the relationships between arousal and valence dimensions, relationships between dimensions and specific emotion categories, relationships among specific emotions, and further support the stability of the relationship between basic discrete emotions at the word level across different cultures.

scholarly journals Turkish Emotional Word Norms for Arousal, Valence, and Discrete Emotion Categories

2018 ◽  
pp. 003329411881472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aycan Kapucu ◽  
Aslı Kılıç ◽  
Yıldız Özkılıç ◽  
Bengisu Sarıbaz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Discrete Emotion ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Affective Norms ◽  
Word Norms ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normative Ratings ◽  
Arousal And Valence

The present study combined dimensional and categorical approaches to emotion to develop normative ratings for a large set of Turkish words on two major dimensions of emotion: arousal and valence, as well as on five basic emotion categories of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust. A set of 2031 Turkish words obtained by translating Affective Norms for English Words to Turkish and pooling from the Turkish Word Norms were rated by a large sample of 1527 participants. This is the first comprehensive and standardized word set in Turkish offering discrete emotional ratings in addition to dimensional ratings along with concreteness judgments. Consistent with Affective Norms for English Words and word databases in several other languages, arousal increased as valence became more positive or more negative. As expected, negative emotions (anger, sadness, fear, and disgust) were positively correlated with each other, whereas the positive emotion, happiness, was negatively correlated with the negative emotion categories. Data further showed that the valence dimension was strongly correlated with happiness, and the arousal dimension was mostly correlated with fear. These findings show highly similar and consistent patterns with word sets provided in other languages in terms of the relationships between arousal and valence dimensions, relationships between dimensions and specific emotion categories, relationships among specific emotions, and further support the stability of the relationship between basic discrete emotions at the word level across different cultures.

scholarly journals A Bayesian phylogenetic approach to estimating the stability of linguistic features and the genetic biasing of tone

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1704) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dediu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Linguistic Tone ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stable Characteristic

Language is a hallmark of our species and understanding linguistic diversity is an area of major interest. Genetic factors influencing the cultural transmission of language provide a powerful and elegant explanation for aspects of the present day linguistic diversity and a window into the emergence and evolution of language. In particular, it has recently been proposed that linguistic tone —the usage of voice pitch to convey lexical and grammatical meaning—is biased by two genes involved in brain growth and development, ASPM and Microcephalin . This hypothesis predicts that tone is a stable characteristic of language because of its ‘genetic anchoring’. The present paper tests this prediction using a Bayesian phylogenetic framework applied to a large set of linguistic features and language families, using multiple software implementations, data codings, stability estimations, linguistic classifications and outgroup choices. The results of these different methods and datasets show a large agreement, suggesting that this approach produces reliable estimates of the stability of linguistic data. Moreover, linguistic tone is found to be stable across methods and datasets, providing suggestive support for the hypothesis of genetic influences on its distribution.

Estimating Results of a Proposed Simple Performance Test for Hot-Mix Asphalt from Superpave Gyratory Compactor Results

2005 ◽  
Vol 1929 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Faheem ◽  
Hussain U. Bahia ◽  
Hossein Ajideh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Flow Number ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Pavement Service Life

This study intended to use the Superpave® gyratory compactor (SGC) as a basis for estimating the stability of asphalt mixtures as a surrogate for proposed method for the simple performance test. Several asphalt mixtures were produced with varying aggregate sources, asphalt contents, and gradations. Every mixture was compacted with the SGC and evaluated with the repeated compression test procedure for rutting measurements recommended by NCHRP Project 9–19 and the AASHTO 2002 pavement design manual to evaluate whether the results from the SGC can be related to the rutting of mixtures. Densification curves produced by the SGC were used to determine the volumetric properties besides the calculation of the traffic densification index (TDI), which represents the densification experienced by traffic loading during pavement service life. The traffic force index (TFI) was also calculated with a special accessory added to the SGC during compaction (the pressure distributor analyzer). The TFI represents the work done by the traffic to densify the mixture. Results from the mixture rutting tests were used to estimate the flow number (FN). The FN, an important mixture property, is shown to have a strong correlation to the TFI. The TFI was also found to be strongly correlated with the TDI and gives an opportunity to estimate the mixture resistance to compaction forces with the use of its volumetric behavior. The main finding of the study is that the SGC appears to give information that can be used to characterize the stability of the mixtures. Such information could be used as an initial screening criterion to select mixtures for various traffic levels.

scholarly journals Oxidation and Polymerization of Triacylglycerols: In-Depth Investigations towards the Impact of Heating Profiles

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih Phing Khor ◽  
Khai Shin Hew ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Oi Ming Lai ◽  
Ling Zhi Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Epoxy Acids ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Oxidized Triacylglycerols ◽  
Heating Profiles ◽  
The Impact

The stability of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO) was studied under controlled heating conditions. RBDPO was heated continuously for 24 h at 160, 170, and 180 °C, with oil sampled at four hour intervals. Thermo-oxidative alterations were measured through various parameters, such as monomeric oxidized triacylglycerols (oxTAG), total polar compounds (TPC), polymerized triacylglycerols (PTG), oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition. After 24 h of heating, the TPC and triacylglycerol oligomers showed a linear increase with heating time at all heating temperatures. At the end of the heating study, more epoxy acids were formed than keto and hydroxy acids. Moreover, caprylic acid, which was not present in fresh oil, was formed in significant amounts. The increase in oxTAG was strongly correlated with the increase in the p-anisidine value and total oxidation value. The decreases in diacylglycerol and free fatty acids were strongly correlated with an increase in PTG.

A stochastic local search approach to language tree reconstruction

Diachronica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tria ◽  
Emanuele Caglioti ◽  
Vittorio Loreto ◽  
Andrea Pagnani
Keyword(s):  
Local Search ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Stochastic Local Search ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Search Approach

In this paper we introduce a novel stochastic local search algorithm to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. We focus in particular on the reconstruction of language trees based on the comparison of the Swadesh lists of the recently compiled ASJP database. Starting from a generic tree configuration, our scheme stochastically explores the space of possible trees driven by the minimization of a pseudo-functional quantifying the violations of additivity of the distance matrix. As a consequence the resulting tree can be annotated with the values of the violations on each internal branch. The values of the deviations are strongly correlated with the stability of the internal edges; they are measured with a novel bootstrap procedure and displayed on the tree as an additional annotation. As a case study we considered the reconstruction of the Indo-European language tree. The results are quite encouraging, highlighting a potential new avenue to investigate the role of the deviations from additivity and check the reliability and consistency of the reconstructed trees.

Concentration and financial stability in the property-liability insurance sector: global evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Altuntas ◽  
Jannes Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
The Stability

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of concentration in the insurance sector on insurer stability for a large set of developed and developing countries. In particular, the authors test whether concentration reduces financial fragility in the insurance sector (“concentration-stability view”) or decreases stability in the insurance sector (“concentration-fragility view”). Design/methodology/approach The authors use a data set of 14,402 firm-year observations of property-liability insurers who appear in A.M. Best’s Statement File Global database during the period 2004-2012. They use regression analyses to examine the effect of concentration on the stability of insurance firms and apply different measures of concentration. Findings The results provide empirical support for the “concentration- fragility view”; that is, higher levels of concentration are associated with decreases in the insurance sector’s financial stability. Research limitations/implications The results have important policy implications, given that a primary purpose of insurance regulation is to protect policyholders against insurance firm defaults. Originality/value No previous research analyzes how recent trends in competition and consolidation, which have led to changes in insurance market concentration, affect the stability of insurance firms around the world. This research is the first paper that provides evidence on the relation between concentration and stability in the insurance sector.

Seasonal changes in diatom biomass, sediment stability and biogenic stabilization in the Severn Estuary

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. C. Underwood ◽  
David M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Critical Shear Stress ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sediment Stability ◽  
Severn Estuary ◽  
Epipelic Diatoms ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

Epipelic diatoms represented the dominant microphy tobenthos on the intertidal mudflats of the Severn Estuary, south-western Britain. Algal biomass (measured as chlorophyllaconcentration) varied over a seasonal cycle and was strongly correlated with sediment shear strength and critical shear stress and therefore with position on the shore. High levels of diatom biomass were positively correlated with the concentration of colloidal carbohydrate within the surface sediments. The critical shear strength for incipient erosion was significantly correlated with position on the shore (moisture content) and with both chlorophyllaand colloidal carbohydrate, the latter being the best biochemical predictor for the incipient erosion threshold. The range of stress required to cause incipient erosion varied from 1.0 to 8.0 N m-2, with the sediment increasing in resistance landwards. Two-way analysis of variance using both moisture content and colloidal carbohydrate as variables explained the stability of the sediment better than individual pair-wise comparisons.

scholarly journals Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 4027-4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. DeCarlo ◽  
E. J. Dunlea ◽  
J. R. Kimmel ◽  
A. C. Aiken ◽  
D. Sueper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Biogenic Voc ◽  
Strong Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Photochemical Age

Abstract. The concentration, size, and composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was measured over Mexico City and central Mexico with a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) onboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft as part of the MILAGRO field campaign. This was the first aircraft deployment of the HR-ToF-AMS. During the campaign the instrument performed very well, and provided 12 s data. The aerosol mass from the AMS correlates strongly with other aerosol measurements on board the aircraft. Organic aerosol (OA) species dominate the NR-PM1 mass. OA correlates strongly with CO and HCN indicating that pollution (mostly secondary OA, SOA) and biomass burning (BB) are the main OA sources. The OA to CO ratio indicates a typical value for aged air of around 80 μg m−3 (STP) ppm−1. This is within the range observed in outflow from the Northeastern US, which could be due to a compensating effect between higher BB but lower biogenic VOC emissions during this study. The O/C atomic ratio for OA is calculated from the HR mass spectra and shows a clear increase with photochemical age, as SOA forms rapidly and quickly overwhelms primary urban OA, consistent with Volkamer et al. (2006) and Kleinman et al. (2008). The stability of the OA/CO while O/C increases with photochemical age implies a net loss of carbon from the OA. BB OA is marked by signals at m/z 60 and 73, and also by a signal enhancement at large m/z indicative of larger molecules or more resistance to fragmentation. The main inorganic components show different spatial patterns and size distributions. Sulfate is regional in nature with clear volcanic and petrochemical/power plant sources, while the urban area is not a major regional source for this species. Nitrate is enhanced significantly in the urban area and immediate outflow, and is strongly correlated with CO indicating a strong urban source. The importance of nitrate decreases with distance from the city likely due to evaporation. BB does not appear to be a strong source of nitrate despite its high emissions of nitrogen oxides, presumably due to low ammonia emissions. NR-chloride often correlates with HCN indicating a fire source, although other sources likely contribute as well. This is the first aircraft study of the regional evolution of aerosol chemistry from a tropical megacity.

scholarly journals Stability of Herbicide Resistance over 8 Years of Coppice in Field-Grown, Genetically Engineered Poplars

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
Michael Barish ◽  
Steven H. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Herbicide resistance may be useful for reducing costs and environmental impacts, and improving yields, during weed control in poplar plantations. However, genetically engineered traits can sometimes show instability, which would compromise their commercial value. To study the stability of herbicide resistance, we analyzed resistance to the contact herbicide glufosinate in 384 transgenic plants originating from 32 gene-insertion events created within two Populus hybrids (P. tremula × P. alba and P. tremula × P. tremuloides). Resistance was measured at the start and end of an 8-year period during which trees were cut and allowed to resprout in the field several times. The transgenic events had widely varying levels of resistance, ranging from complete tolerance to nearly complete sensitivity. When analyzed as three classes (tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive), the levels of resistance remained stable, and there were no cases of resistance breakdown. The level of theresistance-conferring PAT protein, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, was strongly correlated with resistance class; thus, simple protein assays should enable early screening for acceptable resistance levels. Our data suggest that commercial levels of herbicide resistance and stability can be introduced into elite clones of hybrid poplar with as little as 2–3 years of transformation and field testing.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial determinants of mammalian longevity

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 170083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kitazoe ◽  
Masami Hasegawa ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
Midori Futami ◽  
Junichiro Futami
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Maximum Lifespan ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Product Lifetime ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Living Theory

Current ageing theories are far from satisfactory because of the many determinants involved in ageing. The well-known rate-of-living theory assumes that the product (lifetime energy expenditure, LEE) of maximum lifespan (MLS) and mass-specific basal metabolic rate (msBMR) is approximately constant. Although this theory provides a significant inverse correlation between msBMR and MLS as a whole for mammals, it remains problematic for two reasons. First, several interspecies studies within respective orders (typically within rodents) have shown no inverse relationships between msBMR and MLS. Second, LEE values widely vary in mammals and birds. Here, to solve these two problems, we introduced a new quantity designated as mitochondrial (mt) lifetime energy output, mtLEO = MLS × mtMR, in place of LEE, by using the mt metabolic rate (mtMR) per mitochondrion. Thereby, we found that mtLEO values were distributed more narrowly than LEE ones, and strongly correlated with the four amino-acid variables (AAVs) of Ser, Thr and Cys contents and hydrophobicity of mtDNA-encoded membrane proteins (these variables were related to the stability of these proteins). Consequently, only these two mt items, mtMR and the AAVs, solved the above-mentioned problems in the rate-of-living theory, and thus extensively improved the correlation with MLS compared with that given by LEE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document