Following pandemic guidelines is associated with better wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Tuncgenc ◽  
Martha Newson ◽  
Justin Sulik ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Guillaume Dezecache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Health Experts ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment ◽  
Cross National

Background: In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, most countries implemented physical distancing measures. Many mental health experts warned that through increasing social isolation and anxiety, these measures could negatively affect psychosocial wellbeing. However, socially aligning with others by adhering to these measures may also be beneficial for wellbeing.Methods: We examined these two contrasting hypotheses using cross-national survey data (N= 6675) collected fortnightly from participants in 115 countries over 3 months at the beginning of the pandemic. In addition to providing demographic data, participants completed a standardised wellbeing scale, and reported how much they, and others in their social circle and country, were adhering to the distancing measures.Results: We found that being a woman, having lower educational attainment, living alone and being vulnerable to Covid-19 were risk factors for poorer wellbeing. Being young (18-25) was also associated with lower wellbeing, but longitudinal analyses showed that young participants’ wellbeing improved over 3 months. In contrast to widespread views that physical distancing measures negatively affect wellbeing, results showed that following these guidelines was positively associated with wellbeing, even for people in demographic risk groups or those highly vulnerable to Covid-19.Conclusions: These findings provide an important counterpart to the idea that pandemic containment measures such as physical distancing negatively impacted wellbeing unequivocally. Despite the overall burden of the pandemic on psychosocial wellbeing, social alignment with others can still contribute to positive wellbeing. The pandemic has manifested our propensity to adapt to challenges, particularly highlighting how social alignment can forge resilience.

Clinical and Demographic Risk Factors for COVID-19 during Delivery Hospitalizations in New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Sutton ◽  
Timothy Wen ◽  
Anna P. Staniczenko ◽  
Yongmei Huang ◽  
Maria Andrikopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
York City ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Zip Code

Objective This study was aimed to review 4 weeks of universal novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening among delivery hospitalizations, at two hospitals in March and April 2020 in New York City, to compare outcomes between patients based on COVID-19 status and to determine whether demographic risk factors and symptoms predicted screening positive for COVID-19. Study Design This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients admitted for delivery from March 22 to April 18, 2020, at two New York City hospitals. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were collected. The relationship between COVID-19 and demographic, clinical, and maternal and neonatal outcome data was evaluated. Demographic data included the number of COVID-19 cases ascertained by ZIP code of residence. Adjusted logistic regression models were performed to determine predictability of demographic risk factors for COVID-19. Results Of 454 women delivered, 79 (17%) had COVID-19. Of those, 27.9% (n = 22) had symptoms such as cough (13.9%), fever (10.1%), chest pain (5.1%), and myalgia (5.1%). While women with COVID-19 were more likely to live in the ZIP codes quartile with the most cases (47 vs. 41%) and less likely to live in the ZIP code quartile with the fewest cases (6 vs. 14%), these comparisons were not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Women with COVID-19 were less likely to have a vaginal delivery (55.2 vs. 51.9%, p = 0.04) and had a significantly longer postpartum length of stay with cesarean (2.00 vs. 2.67days, p < 0.01). COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for diagnoses of chorioamnionitis and pneumonia and fevers without a focal diagnosis. In adjusted analyses, including demographic factors, logistic regression demonstrated a c-statistic of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 0.80). Conclusion COVID-19 symptoms were present in a minority of COVID-19-positive women admitted for delivery. Significant differences in obstetrical outcomes were found. While demographic risk factors demonstrated acceptable discrimination, risk prediction does not capture a significant portion of COVID-19-positive patients. Key Points

Sources of Rationalized Governance: Cross-National Longitudinal Analyses, 1985–2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili S. Drori ◽  
Suk Yong Jang ◽  
John W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross National

A survey of post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance knowledge among general practitioners.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarek Kobiela ◽  
Piotr Spychalski ◽  
Krzysztof Graff ◽  
Iwona Marek ◽  
Janusz Siebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Surveillance Colonoscopy ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Polish Society

Abstract Background Screening has been shown to be effective in reducing CRC incidence and mortality. Adherence to the guidelines of surveillance after polypectomy is considered key. In most countries including Poland general practitioners (GPs) are responsible for referring patients for surveillance colonoscopy. The aim of the study was to examine the knowledge of post-polypectomy surveillance among GPs in Poland. Methods We have designed five scenarios of post-polypectomy surveillance based on European guidelines adapted by the Polish Society of Gastroenterology. The scenarios described different risk groups based on the characteristics of the removed polyps requiring different time intervals of surveillance colonoscopy. They were supplemented with basic demographic data of the surveyed GP. The questionnaire was carried out by surveyors during a national congress of GPs. Results A total of 340 questionnaires were filled by GPs. None of the surveyed doctors gave correct answers in all questions. The knowledge of post-polypectomy surveillance is very unsatisfactory (correct answers 1.2%-55.0%). One year surveillance interval was the most commonly chosen interval regardless risk groups based on the characteristics of the removed polyps. In 4 of 5 scenarios the surveillance overuse ranged 42.1%-98.5%. In a high risk group scenario surveillance was underused in 45.0%. Conclusions Post-polypectomy surveillance schemes are not known to GPs with a significant trend towards overuse. Strict adherence to guidelines should be pursued to include written recommendation on surveillance program in the final endoscopy report. Efforts should be made by public health policy makers to increase knowledge of surveillance schemes among GPs.

scholarly journals How to deal with the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 for people who pay attention to anxiety and depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Fenfen Ge ◽  
Mengtong Wan ◽  
Anni Zheng ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Major Disaster

Abstract Background The fear of insecurity and uncertainty caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the separation and loss of certain important relationships, and great changes in lifestyle have awakened strong emotional responses, which may cause psychological problems in the general population. However, there is little research on how people who pay attention to anxiety and depression cope with the negative psychological impact during an epidemic or major disaster. This study aimed to identify what behaviors can effectively reduce negative emotions during an epidemic. Methods From 1 February to 8 March 2020, we conducted a web-based survey and collected information on general demographic data. Probable depression, anxiety symptoms, and coping behaviors were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and self-made coping behaviors questionnaires. Result Among 17 249 responders, 7923 and 9326 completed assessments of depression and anxiety respectively, and all responders completed the coping behaviors questionnaires. Our survey population showed a high prevalence rate of possible depression disorders (2746 of 7923, 34.66%) and anxiety disorders (5309 of 9326, 56.93%). Compared with other groups, the elderly, women, people of lower education, and people with lower income were more likely to suffer depression and/or anxiety. In terms of marital status, the cohabiting group showed the highest rate of depression and/or anxiety. Among the careers, students and housewives were high-risk groups suffering from depression and/or anxiety. After adjusting for social-demographic factors (e.g. age, sex), depression and anxiety were positively associated with self-injury, doing housework, and having sex or masturbating, and negatively associated with singing, drawing, or writing, dating friends online, singing, attending lectures, and doing yoga. Conclusion Our findings identified some spontaneous coping behaviors that can probably relieve the psychological impact of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Apples to Apples: A Comparative Demographic Analysis of Homeless and Housed Youth in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
Kristy Buccieri ◽  
Laura Warner ◽  
Ross Norman ◽  
Mo Jeng ◽  
Amanda Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parenting Education ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Demographic Data Collection ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

The demographic profiles of homeless youth are varied and play an integral role in the experiences these young people have. This article reports on detailed demographic data collected from 187 homeless youth in the Youth Matters in London study, and compares it to demographic profiles of youth in the general Ontario population and with samples of homeless youth from five major Canadian cities. Results indicate demographic data is not consistently collected and/or reported upon by researchers, making comparative analysis challenging while highlighting the need for a standardization of demographic data collection. Comparisons between homeless and housed youth indicate that the homeless youth had lower educational attainment, higher pregnancy/parenting rates, increased cohabitation, greater unemployment, and low annual incomes. Demographic comparison between the six homeless youth samples indicate some similarities and some key differences, particularly in relation to pregnancies/parenting, education, employment, and income. Implications for researchers, policy-makers, and service providers are discussed.

scholarly journals Decreasing case fatality rate following invasive pneumococcal disease, North East England, 2006–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Houseman ◽  
K. E. Chapman ◽  
P. Manley ◽  
R. Gorton ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
North East ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractDeclining mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been observed concurrent with a reduced incidence due to effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. However, with IPD now increasing due to serotype replacement, we undertook a statistical analysis to estimate the trend in all-cause 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) in the North East of England (NEE) following IPD. Clinical, microbiological and demographic data were obtained for all laboratory-confirmed IPD cases (April 2006–March 2016) and the adjusted association between CFR and epidemiological year estimated using logistic regression. Of the 2510 episodes of IPD included in the analysis, 486 died within 30 days of IPD (CFR 19%). Increasing age, male sex, a diagnosis of septicaemia, being in ⩾1 clinical risk groups, alcohol abuse and individual serotypes were independently associated with increased CFR. A significant decline in CFR over time was observed following adjustment for these significant predictors (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.98; P = 0.003). A small but significant decline in 30-day all-cause CFR following IPD has been observed in the NEE. Nonetheless, certain population groups remain at increased risk of dying following IPD. Despite the introduction of effective vaccines, further strategies to reduce the ongoing burden of mortality from IPD are needed.

scholarly journals Students’ experience and adherence to containment measures during COVID-19 in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina E Zysset ◽  
Nadine Schlatter ◽  
Agnes von Wyl ◽  
Marion Huber ◽  
Thomas Volken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

Summary Background Young adults are not considered a risk group, but the public health response to COVID-19 impacts all citizens. We investigated the impact on young adults’ and their adherence to containment measures addressing potential gender differences. Methods In April 2020 12 341 students of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences were invited to a longitudinal health survey. Survey topics spanned socio-demographic data, students’ health status and behavior, COVID-19 specific impact, concerns, information sources, adherence to containment measures, and trust in government bodies. Group comparisons by gender and multivariate ordinal regression models assessing adherence to restrictions of mobility and social contacts were conducted (n = 2373). Results Mean age was 26.4 (SD = 5.6), 70% were female. 43.5% reported some concern about their own health, 2.7% stated major worries. Women experienced more conflicts (p &lt; 0.000) and, enjoyed time with the family more (p &lt; 0.000). Men felt less locked up (p = 0.001). The most frequented COVID-19 information source was public media (48%) and confidence in government bodies was high (82%) for both genders. Men yielded lower adjusted odds (OR; 95%-CI) of adherence regarding the following measures: social distancing (0.68; 0.53–0.87), non-utilization of public transport (0.74; 0.56–0.97), 5-person limit for social gatherings (0.47; 0.35–0.64) and the stay at home rule (0.64; 0.51–0.82). Conclusion Early in the pandemic a high degree of adherence was observed in this young academic population. Containment measures restricting movement and social contact yielded considerable differences by gender, information source and perceived susceptibility to the virus. More targeted communication may increase adherence regarding mobility restrictions.

scholarly journals Improving surveillance of sexually transmitted infections using mandatory electronic clinical reporting: the genitourinary medicine clinic activity dataset, England, 2009 to 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Savage ◽  
H Mohammed ◽  
G Leong ◽  
S Duffell ◽  
G Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Medicine Clinic ◽  
New Codes ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
Clinic Activity

A new electronic surveillance system for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was introduced in England in 2009. The genitourinary medicine clinic activity dataset (GUMCAD) is a mandatory, disaggregated, pseudo-anonymised data return submitted by all STI clinics across England. The dataset includes information on all STI diagnoses made and services provided alongside demographic characteristics for every patient attendance at a clinic. The new system enables the timely analysis and publication of routine STI data, detailed analyses of risk groups and longitudinal analyses of clinic attendees. The system offers flexibility so new codes can be introduced to help monitor outbreaks or unusual STI activity. From January 2009 to December 2013 inclusive, over twenty-five million records from a total of 6,668,648 patients of STI clinics have been submitted. This article describes the successful implementation of this new surveillance system and the types of epidemiological outputs and analyses that GUMCAD enables. The challenges faced are discussed and forthcoming developments in STI surveillance in England are described.

scholarly journals Baseline patterns of infection in regions of Benin, Malawi and India seeking to interrupt transmission of soil transmitted helminths (STH) in the DeWorm3 trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008771
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Transmission Interruption ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Weighted Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

Global efforts to control morbidity associated with soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) have focused largely on the targeted treatment of high-risk groups, including children and pregnant women. However, it is not clear when such programs can be discontinued and there are concerns about the sustainability of current STH control programs. The DeWorm3 project is a large multi-country community cluster randomized trial in Benin, India and Malawi designed to determine the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of STH using community-wide delivery of mass drug administration (MDA) with anthelmintics over multiple rounds. Here, we present baseline data and estimate key epidemiological parameters important in determining the likelihood of transmission interruption in the DeWorm3 trial. A baseline census was conducted in October-December 2017 in India, November-December 2017 in Malawi and in January-February 2018 in Benin. The baseline census enumerated all members of each household and collected demographic data and information on occupation, assets, and access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Each study site was divided into 40 clusters of at least 1,650 individuals per cluster. Clusters were randomized to receive twice yearly community-wide MDA with albendazole (GSK) targeting eligible individuals of all ages (20 clusters), or to receive the standard-of-care deworming program targeting children provided in each country. In each site, a randomly selected group of 150 individuals per cluster (6,000 total per site) was selected from the baseline census using stratified random sampling, and each individual provided a single stool sample for analysis of STH infection using the Kato-Katz technique. Study site, household and individual characteristics were summarized as appropriate. We estimated key epidemiological parameters including the force of infection and the degree of parasite aggregation within the population. The DeWorm3 sites range in population from 94,969 to 140,932. The population age distribution varied significantly by site, with the highest proportion of infants and young children in Malawi and the highest proportion of adults in India. The baseline age- and cluster-weighted prevalence, as measured by Kato-Katz, varied across sites and by species, Baseline hookworm prevalence in India was 21.4% (95% CI: 20.4–22.4%), while prevalence of Ascaris and Trichuris by Kato-Katz was low (0.1% and 0.3% overall). In Malawi, the overall age- and cluster-weighted STH prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI: 7.1–8.4%) predominantly driven by hookworm infections (7.4%) while Ascaris (0.1%) and Trichuris (0.3%) infections were rare. In Benin, the overall age- and cluster-weighted prevalence was significantly lower (5.6%, 95% CI: 5.1–6.2%) and Ascaris (2.0%, 95% CI: 1.6–2.3%) was more common than in other sites. Ascaris infections were more likely to be moderate- or heavy-intensity (43.7%, unweighted) compared to hookworm (5.0%). The force of infection for hookworm was highest in adults in India and Malawi but appeared relatively stable across age groups in Benin. These data demonstrate the significant variability between the sites in terms of demography, socio-economic status and environmental characteristics. In addition, the baseline prevalence and intensity data from DeWorm3 suggest that each site has unique epidemiologic characteristics that will be critical in determining correlates of achieving STH transmission interruption in the DeWorm3 trial. Trial registration: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03014167).

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders Among University Students, a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam ◽  
Kosar Piri ◽  
AmirReza JamshidBeigi ◽  
Safoura Taheri ◽  
Yousef Veisani
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Academic Year

Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) are serious social problems that cause physiological and psychological disorders. Adolescents and youth are known as high-risk groups for SUD. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the pattern, prevalence, incidence, and etiology of SUD among all students studying at the Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam (Iran), during the academic year 2018 - 2019. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a multistage random sampling method was used to select the participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. This questionnaire was designed to collect information about the participant’s demographic data, social data, medical and behavioral data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 16 software. Results: Participants’ ages mean ± SD was 23.5 ± 3.2 years old. The incidence of substance abuse was higher among men compared to women. The main observed pattern of SUD was Marijuana among consumers. The curiosity and increased memory had the highest and lowest incidence, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of SUD is high among Iranian students, and most of them have begun SUD in adolescence and because of curiosity. It is necessary to augment adolescents’ and young people’s awareness of the SUD and addiction consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document