Subjective probability is modulated by emotions

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31234/osf.io/rbacu ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lara Bertram ◽

Eric Schulz ◽

Jonathan D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Subjective Probability ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Correlational Study ◽

Probability Assessment ◽

Representativeness Heuristic ◽

Probabilistic Information ◽

Probability Estimates ◽

High Dominance

Information about risks and probabilities is ubiquitous in our environment, forming the basis for decisions in an uncertain world. Emotions are known to modulate subjective probability assessments when probabilistic information is emotionally valenced. Yet little is known about the role of emotions in subjective probability assessment of affectively neutral events. We investigated this in one correlational study (Study 1, N = 162) and one experimental study (Study 2, N = 119). As predicted, we found that emotional dominance modulated the degree of conservatism in respondents’ neutral probability estimates. Remarkably, this pattern also transferred to realistic risk assessments. Furthermore, respondents’ tendency to use the representativeness heuristic as a proxy for probability was increased in high dominance individuals. Our findings highlight the importance of considering emotions, particularly the little-understood emotion dimension dominance, in research on probabilistic cognition.

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An initial investigation of the role of death concerns in evaluations of metaphoric language about God

Archive for the Psychology of Religion ◽

10.1177/00846724211031671 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 008467242110316

Author(s):

Lucas A Keefer ◽

Faith L Brown ◽

Thomas G Rials

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Conceptual Metaphor ◽

Past Research ◽

Current Work ◽

Correlational Study ◽

Initial Investigation ◽

Metaphoric Language ◽

Religious Worldviews

Past research suggests that death pushes some individuals to strongly promote religious worldviews. The current work explores the role of conceptual metaphor in this process. Past research shows that metaphors can provide meaning and certainty, suggesting that death may therefore cause people to be more attracted to epistemically beneficial metaphoric descriptions of God. In three studies, we test this possibility against competing alternatives suggesting that death concerns may cause more selective metaphor preferences. Using both correlational (Study 1 and pre-registered replication) and experimental (Study 2) methods, we find that death concern is generally associated with embracing metaphors about God.

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Keep kind and carry on. Everyday kindness enhances well-being and prosocial behavior in the time of COVID-19.

10.31234/osf.io/n2g3m ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Bialobrzeska ◽

Justyna Baba ◽

Sylwia Bedyńska ◽

Aleksandra Cichocka ◽

Aleksandra Cislak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Low Cost ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Correlational Study ◽

Online Interventions ◽

Prosocial Orientation

Acts of everyday kindness are voluntary, low-cost actions intended to express a friendly attitude toward a specific person or persons. In two pre-registered studies we examined whether practicing everyday kindness can help people maintain well-being and prosocial orientation in times of pandemic. In correlational Study 1 (N = 497), performing everyday kindness was positively linked to well-being, social connectedness, and a willingness to engage in more costly prosocial behavior. In an experimental Study 2 (N = 482), practicing acts of everyday kindness increased well-being and actual prosocial behavior, although it did not affect feelings of social connectedness. The results point to the role of everyday kindness in counteracting the negative psychological and social consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, even simple online interventions can be used to elicit everyday kindness.

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Trust in science increases conservative support for social distancing

10.31219/osf.io/cngq8 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jonah Koetke ◽

Karina Schumann ◽

Tenelle Porter

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Correlational Study ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Scientific Communities ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Scientific Consensus ◽

Moderating Role ◽

Insight Into

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates ubiquitous adherence to prevention strategies—such as social distancing—that have been recommended by medical and scientific communities. Although most Americans support and engage in social distancing, a subset of conservatives reject the scientific consensus on this matter. In this paper, we explored why some conservatives reject social distancing, focusing on how trust in science contributes to ideological differences in social distancing intentions. Using both correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2) methods, we replicated recent research demonstrating that conservatives report lower support for social distancing compared to liberals. However, in both studies we found support for a moderating role of trust in science, such that conservatives reported stronger intentions to socially distance when they had high trust in science. These studies provide insight into why some conservatives refrain from social distancing and how we can increase their adherence to public health recommendations regarding COVID-19.

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Experimental study on the relationship between organizational culture and affective well-being at work: Role of person-organization fit

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e604062012-309 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia P. Goncalves ◽

Jose Neves

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Organizational Culture ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Role ◽

Person Organization Fit ◽

The Relationship

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Medic Interaction Modes and Hospitalized Children Health

10.31124/advance.8337683 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Naveed Shibli ◽

Miss Shehrish Farooq

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Block Design ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Face Pain ◽

Children Health ◽

Face Pain Scale

In the present experimental study different interaction ‘modes’ those took place between a psychologist and a child were tested for the role of these towards health recovery of the child? Following were the interaction modes, a) presenting a flower with smile plus inquiring about health, b) offering a blessing plus inquiring about health, c) making an indifferent presence plus inquiring about health with flat tone, d) inquiring about health with providing precautions about prognosis. It was assumed that all modes would differently influence health outcomes? 100 hospitalized children located in child wards of different hospitals with randomized pre-post block design interacted. One each from four interaction modes was used for a group of 25 participants each. Actual ward discharge was compared with anticipatory estimated by each ward in-charge to calculate effect of mode on outcome. Face Pain Scale, The Children Happiness Scale and a Demographic Sheet were also used. Results reflected ‘modes’ relationship with outcomes. More studies would clarify further.

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The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

10.31234/osf.io/uatjd ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hua Jin ◽

Lina Jia ◽

Xiaojuan Yin ◽

Shilin Wei ◽

Guiping Xu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Personal Involvement ◽

Influence Effect ◽

Information Relevance ◽

Different Types ◽

Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

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Breathing and its stimulatory responses in parkinsonism: repercussions for physiotherapy

Journal of Advanced Health Care ◽

10.36017/jahc2008-002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mieczyslaw Pokorski

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Chronic Hypoxia ◽

Motor Impairments

This study addresses respiratory and motor impairments in an experimental reserpine-induced model of parkinsonism in rats. The role of chronic hypoxia due to diminished ventilation in the development and course of neurodegeneration is addressed. An attempt was made to distinguish between central and peripheral dopamine pathways in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A dissociation of putative mechanisms of respiratory and motor impairments is tackled as well. Although this purely experimental study cannot be directly extrapolated to human pathophysiology, the corollaries have been drawn concerning the potential repercussions of the respiratory and motor impairments for the physiotherapeutic procedures in the management of chronic neurodegeneration.

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External Investigators' Follow-Up Intentions When Whistleblowers Report Healthcare Fraud: The Effects of Report Anonymity and Previous Confrontation

Behavioral Research in Accounting ◽

10.2308/bria-19-042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 91-101

Author(s):

Steven E. Kaplan ◽

Danny Lanier ◽

Kelly R. Pope ◽

Janet A. Samuels

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Early Detection ◽

Data Availability ◽

Medical Provider ◽

Perceived Credibility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Critical Investigation

ABSTRACT Whistleblowing reports, if properly investigated, facilitate the early detection of fraud. Although critical, investigation-related decisions represent a relatively underexplored component of the whistleblowing process. Investigators are responsible for initially deciding whether to follow-up on reports alleging fraud. We report the results of an experimental study examining the follow-up intentions of highly experienced healthcare investigators. Participants, in the role of an insurance investigator, are asked to review a whistleblowing report alleging billing fraud occurring at a medical provider. Thus, participants are serving as external investigators. In a between-participant design, we manipulate the report type and whether the caller previously confronted the wrongdoer. We find that compared to an anonymous report, a non-anonymous report is perceived as more credible and follow-up intentions stronger. We also find that perceived credibility fully mediates the relationship between report type and follow-up intentions. Previous confrontation is not significantly associated with either perceived credibility or follow-up intentions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

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