scholarly journals The Documentation Status Continuum: Citizenship and Increasing Stratification in American Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Life ◽  
Documentation Status ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Continuum

Public discourse on immigration and benefits access has been contentious. Amid increasing anti-immigrant sentiment, scholars have examined immigrants’ marginalization as a form of civic stratification, where boundaries based on documentation status affect immigrants’ experiences and benefits granted by the state. This scholarship lacks a framework outlining existing documentation status categories, their alignment relative to each other, and how policy (re)configures those categories over time. This article argues that the documentation status continuum (DSC) framework fills these gaps. In the DSC, undocumented immigrants are at one end and citizens are at the other, with many documentation statuses in between. Public policy creates these statuses and generates stratification through allocating benefits based on one’s DSC position. Policy also shapes movement along the continuum, which shapes benefits eligibility. Using the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a policy example and interviews conducted with 153 immigrants, healthcare professionals, and immigrant organization employees in Boston, this article demonstrates that life along the DSC reveals stratification between citizens and noncitizens. This has implications for various outcomes that sociologists examine.

Environmentalists, Nuclear Waste, and the Politics of Passive Exclusion in Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hunold
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Ecological Democracy ◽  
Over Time

In this essay I examine the dispute between the German GreenParty and some of the country’s environmental nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs) over the March 2001 renewal of rail shipmentsof highly radioactive wastes to Gorleben. My purpose indoing so is to test John Dryzek’s 1996 claim that environmentalistsought to beware of what they wish for concerning inclusion in theliberal democratic state. Inclusion on the wrong terms, arguesDryzek, may prove detrimental to the goals of greening and democratizingpublic policy because such inclusion may compromise thesurvival of a green public sphere that is vital to both. Prospects forecological democracy, understood in terms of strong ecologicalmodernization here, depend on historically conditioned relationshipsbetween the state and the environmental movement that fosterthe emergence and persistence over time of such a public sphere.

State strategies to address medicaid prescription spending: negotiated pricing vs price transparency

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shihyun Noh ◽  
Christian L. Janousek ◽  
Ji Hyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
The State ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Price Transparency ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Managed Care Organization ◽  
Medicaid Prescription ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This research longitudinally examines the association between levels of state Medicaid prescription spending and the state strategies intended to constrain cost increases: the negotiated pricing strategy, as indicated by state rebate programs, and the price transparency strategy, as indicated by state operation of All-Payer Claims Databases. The findings demonstrate evidence that state Medicaid prescription spending is influenced by the negotiated pricing strategy, especially Managed Care Organization (MCO) rebates under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, but not influenced by the price transparency strategy. State decisions for MCO rebates, such as carving prescription benefits into managed care benefits, were effective in containing levels of Medicaid prescription spending over time, while other single- and multi-state rebate programs were not. Based on these findings, state policymakers may consider utilizing the MCO rebate program to address increases in Medicaid prescription spending.

Salafism pushes Muslim communities to conservatism

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Muslim Communities

Subject Salafism impact on Muslim societies. Significance Salafism (‘ancestralism’) is an ultra-conservative ideology adopted by a variety of Muslim individuals and organisations. It claims to reveal the authentic Islam of the first three generations of ‘pious forefathers’ (Arabic: al-salaf al-salih) from the time of the Prophet Mohammed. Salafis seek to 'purify' and thereby change other Muslims’ behaviour. These aims can be pursued by ‘top-down’ methods of engaging the state via activist struggle (jihad), or by ‘bottom-up’ strategies of engaging society via quietist proselytisation (da‘wa): that is, with or without violence. Impacts The core salafi doctrine of (‘loyalty [to Muslims] and disavowal [of non-Muslims]’) encourages its followers’ isolation from wider society. Competition for authenticity will further divide Muslim communities by ‘condemning the other’. Salafi-inspired organisations will seek to dominate public discourse and definitions of Islam.

E-Government and Citizen Participation in Chile

2010 ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Araya Moreno ◽  
Diego Barría Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
International Assessments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
Available Information

Various international assessments have drawn attention to the level of development e-government has reached in Chile during the early 2000s. Despite this, even official reports recognize that there is an e-government deficit in opening spaces for citizen participation. These results coincide with several works which have shown the limits the State of Chile put to citizen participation. This chapter analyzes the participation supply that the websites of Chilean ministries offer the citizenry. We describe the existing interactive applications offered by the websites, and the possibilities they make available for citizens to participate in public policy discussions. Our conclusion is that there is a wide range of available information regarding ministerial management but, on the other; the lack of participatory mechanisms is confirmed. These results can be understood if considering that within the Chilean public administration a managerial predisposition exists, which makes open participation spaces subordinated to prevailing managerial logics.

scholarly journals The cow–calf relationship: from maternal responsiveness to the maternal bond and the possibilities for fostering

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (S1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
John P. Kent
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Maternal Bond ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Maternal Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the cow and calf develops over time after birth. The behavioural mechanisms underlying its development are important and comparisons with other species may increase our understanding. In nature the cow will separate herself from the herd to give birth and then the cow–calf relationship will develop with the ability to recognise each other. While twinning levels are low in cows, they do rear their twin calves. If the calf is lost at or after birth the cow can be responsive towards other calves and in specific circumstances the cow can develop a maternal bond with an alien calf, i.e. foster. In this Research Reflection a distinction is made between the development of, on the one hand, maternal responsiveness (the tendency of the cow to care for a calf which occurs before birth) and, on the other hand, the development of the maternal–filial bond or relationship which is reciprocal, occurs after birth and is characterised by the ability to discriminate the mother's own calf from alien calves. These processes can overlap and the relationship between cow and calf in this ‘hider’ species is more plastic than in some other mammals. For example, a cow might form an attachment with an alien calf before she gives birth. After the cow has given birth the loss of her own calf may result in the state of maternal responsiveness being maintained, such that developing a maternal bond with one or several appropriate alien calves is possible. Viable fostering techniques are possible. If a maternal relationship to the mother's own calf has developed then fostering will be more difficult. If the cow's relationship with her own calf is not exclusive, and she is in a state of maternal responsiveness then fostering of calves of an appropriate age and status can be achieved.

scholarly journals Contested mobilities in the maritory: Implications of boundary formation in a nomadic space

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110168
Author(s):  
José Barrena ◽  
Alberto Harambour ◽  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Simon R Bush
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
Over Time

The mobility of nomadic Indigenous people has been systematically constrained over time by states seeking control over peripheral spaces and people. This is evident in the case of the Kawésqar nomadic ‘people of the sea’ who have been subject to a century of attempts by the Chilean state to spatially fix their movements over both their terrestrial territories and marine ‘maritories’. In this paper, we show how Indigenous groups like the Kawésqar can challenge and even regain partial control over their maritory by using spatial instruments of the state. We argue that by using these instruments to remobilise, the Kawésqar have been empowered to demobilise other groups and marine related sectors, such as aquaculture. These findings can reorient public policy to be more sensitive to Indigenous space and mobility. Instead of focusing exclusively on the establishment of spatial boundaries to exclude Indigenous communities, they can be used as a means of empowering these communities to exert control over actors and sectors seeking to limit their mobility.

Movement Means Changing Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-205
Author(s):  
Deva R. Woodly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opinion Change ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 5 reports on the political impacts of the movement thus far, including the way it has reshaped public discourse and political meanings, transformed public opinion, and influenced public policy. This chapter contains extensive empirical data, including records of public opinion change over time, maps of where progressive prosecutors have been elected across the United States, lists of policies aimed at “defunding the police” or what abolitionist call nonreformist reforms, which emphasize divesting from police and prisons and investing in social support, policies that are under consideration or have been adopted by state and municipal legislatures.

3. Measurement

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Philip N. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

What do we mean when we say someone is living in poverty? Do we mean that their income is too low, that their consumption is too low, or that given their particular level of either, their ability to participate in society is severely restricted? Once a poverty line is set, other questions arise. Should our focus be on individuals or families? ‘Measurement’ considers different measures of well-being and explains the differences between absolute and relative concepts of poverty. For public policy purposes, we need simple statistics that summarize the state of affairs overall. Only by tracking such statistics over time can we determine whether our efforts to reduce poverty are paying dividends.

The Landscapes of Early Automobile Registration and Licensing Laws: Creating New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles, 1903 to 1957

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-482
Author(s):  
Ellen Hostetter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
American Life ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Licensing Laws ◽  
Highway System

The offices and facilities of New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) are mundane boxes of concrete, glass, linoleum, and fluorescent lights, and yet they have a backstory to tell about the slow incorporation of the automobile into everyday American life at the turn of the twentieth century. Urban historians and geographers have attended to the development of everything from asphalt to stop signs, gas stations to automobile dealerships, motels to restaurants, bypass roads to the federal highway system, but not the government offices and facilities developed to service automobile regulation. The goal of this article is to detail the creation and evolution of DMV offices and facilities in the state of New Jersey, between 1903 and 1957: why they took the form they did and how they changed over time. These landscapes, perceived today as utterly ordinary and banal, are the tangible, physical expression of how people in the early 1900s struggled to live safely and fairly with the automobile.

scholarly journals Hang Tuah in the Sea of Oral Malay Narratives

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haji Salleh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Early Relationship ◽  
The Village ◽  
Over Time

Hang Tuah is a culture hero who defines both himself and the Malays, along with their feudal and universal values. Three forms of existences have been bestowed on him by the peoples of the Malay Archipelago, i. e. the historical, the fictional and the oral. This paper attempts to trace the oral presence of Hang Tuah which is more varied, colourful, and in effect, more developed than the other two. At present, in Sungai Duyung, Singkep, Riau, Malacca and many places in the Archipelago, there is a wealth of stories about him, his origins, exploits, comrades and death. Many stories of the Sea Sekanaq of West Singkep, Riau claim that he originated from amongst their people. In Bintan, however, where his family found a home, some other famous stories are told of how he met his four friends, and his early relationship with the Bendahara and the Raja of Bintan. Hang Tuah and his family moved to Malacca when the new state became an important and wealthy port. Here, the stories refer to the village of Sungai Duyong in Malacca, its famous well, and his so-called mausoleum in Tanjong Keling. Stories of his life and contribution to the state were composed over time, and are quite different from addition to those of the Sulalat al-Salatin and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The stories are still being composed and spread through the internet, an instrument of what I call the tertiary orality. Keywords: Â Hang Tuah, Malay identity, feudal values, origins, orang laut

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