scholarly journals Socioeconomic Variation in the Association of Marriage with Depression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Ben Lennox Kail
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic Variation

Although the personal, social, and economic health resources that marriage is argued to provide vary by socioeconomic status (SES), little research has examined whether the association of marriage with psychological well-being varies by SES. Focusing on depressive symptoms as an outcome and using multilevel modeling, results from analysis of four waves of data (n = 4,340 person-waves) from the American Changing Lives Survey (ACL) shows that differences in depressive symptoms between never married and married adults varies by household income. Depressive symptoms are highest among the never married, and differences from the married greatest, at the lowest levels of income. As income increases these differences are eliminated. The interaction between income and marriage is partially mediated by financial strain, self-efficacy, and social support from friends and relatives. The implications of these findings for U.S. marriage promotion policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Relationships, Social Support, and Psychological Well-Being Among Korean Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 498-498
Author(s):  
Yooumi Lee ◽  
Janet Wilmoth
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Abstract This study investigates whether intergenerational relationships and social support improve the psychological well-being of Korean older adults. We examine whether intergenerational relationships and social support directly influence psychological well-being and the extent to which they mediate the distressing consequences of life events such as declining health and recent widowhood. Using longitudinal data from the 2006 to 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, we explore depression trajectories among individuals who are 60 or older with at least one living adult child at baseline. Specifically, we converted data from 5,383 older adults into a person-period file with 24,726 observations over a ten-year period. Then we estimated linear growth curve models of depression trajectories separately for men and women using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results from the hierarchical linear models indicate that declining health and recent widowhood are positively related to depressive symptoms. Satisfactory intergenerational relationships and social support in the form of personal interactions and proximate living arrangements with adult children decrease depressive symptoms of older parents, especially among women. We conclude that the psychological benefits of intergenerational relationships and social support are contingent upon the vulnerability of older adults and discuss the implications for public policy.

scholarly journals Positive and negative social support and depressive symptoms according to economic status among adults in Korea: cross-sectional results from the Health Examinees-Gem Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e023036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Juhwan Oh ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Jongho Heo ◽  
Sujin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Positive Social Support

ObjectivesThe interaction between positive and negative social support as well as each domain of social support and income on depressive symptom has not been much explored. We aimed to examine the associations of positive and negative social support with the risk of depressive symptoms among urban-dwelling adults in Korea, focusing on those interaction effects.DesignWe used the first wave of a large-scale cohort study called The Health Examinees-Gem Study. Positive and negative support scores ranged between 0 and 6; the variables were then categorised into low, medium, and high groups. A two-level random intercept linear regression model was used, where the first level is individual and the second is the community. We further tested for interactions between each domain of social supports and household income.SettingA survey conducted at 38 health examination centres and training hospitals in major Korean cities and metropolitan areas during 2009–2010.Participants21 208 adult men and women aged between 40 and 69 in Korea (mean age: 52.6, SD: 8.0).Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms score measured by Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 60.ResultsLevel of positive and negative social support showed a negative and positive association with depressive symptom score with statistical significance at p<0.05, respectively. When the interaction terms among household income and social supports were examined, a negative association between level of positive social support and depressive symptom score was more pronounced as income was lower and level of negative social support was higher. Similarly, positive association between level of negative social support and depressive symptom score was more pronounced as income was lower and level of positive social support was lower.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that strategies for encouraging positive social support and discouraging negative social support for disadvantaged individuals might be effective in reducing depression in Korea.

scholarly journals Manifestation and Associated Factors of Pregnancy-Related Worries in Expectant Fathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Göbel ◽  
Petra Arck ◽  
Kurt Hecher ◽  
Michael Schulte-Markwort ◽  
Anke Diemert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expectant Fathers ◽  
The Cross

Background: During the last decades, fathers have increasingly participated in prenatal care, birth preparation classes, and childbirth. However, comparably little is known about the prenatal emotional well-being of fathers, particularly content and extent of broader paternal concerns that may arise during pregnancy beyond those focusing on childbirth. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the manifestation of paternal pregnancy-related worries in a population-based sample and to identify relevant associated factors.Materials and Methods: As part of a longitudinal pregnancy cohort at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, N = 129 expectant fathers were assessed once during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related worries centering around medical procedures, childbirth, health of the baby, as well as socioeconomic aspects were assessed with the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS). Additionally, paternal socioeconomic background and maternal obstetrical history, symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression, and level of hostility were investigated, as well as perceived social support. The cross-sectional data were analyzed based on multiple regression analyses.Results: The level of reported worries was overall low. Some fathers reported major worries for individual aspects like the health of a significant other (10.9%) and the baby (10.1%), as well as the current financial (6.2%) and employment situation (8.5%). Pregnancy-related worries were negatively associated with household income and positively associated with anxious and depressive symptoms and low perceived social support. Associations varied for specific pregnancy-related worries.Limitations: Due to the cross-sectional data examined in this study, a causal interpretation of the results is not possible. The sample was rather homogeneous regarding its socioeconomic background. More research needs to be done in larger, more heterogeneous samples.Conclusion: Though overall worries were rather low in this sample, specific major worries could be identified. Hence, addressing those fathers reporting major worries regarding specific aspects already in prenatal care might support their psychosocial adjustment. Fathers with little income, those with elevated levels of general anxious and depressive symptoms, and those with less social support reported higher pregnancy-related worries. Our results indicate the relevance of concerns beyond health- and birth-related aspects that could be relevant for fathers. Measurements developed specifically for expectant fathers are needed to properly capture their perspective already during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Well-Being of Pregnant Women in Japan: Need for Economic and Social Policy Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Matsushima ◽  
Hanna Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Mental Well Being

ABSTRACT Objective: This study explores the mental well-being of pregnant women in Japan during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: We collected 1777 responses from pregnant women through an online survey. Using the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), we calculated the percentage of pregnant women above the cutoff (≥ 13), and the factor scores of anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors and socioeconomic characteristics correlated with depressive symptoms. Results: The point prevalence of pregnant women with an EPDS score of ≥ 13 was 17%. The mean scores were 0.73, 3.68, and 1.82 for anhedonia, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The probability of becoming above the cutoff score positively correlated with the cancellation of planned informal support, higher perceived risk for infection of COVID-19, difficulties in household finances, and lack of social support. Moreover, being younger, less wealthy, unemployed, and without a partner showed a significantly higher possibility of having a score above the cutoff. Conclusions: The present study found a high percentage of pregnant women with depressive symptoms. Notably, COVID-19-related variables, including perceived risk for the infection, fear of decreasing economic wealth, and social support, were significantly associated with depressive symptoms.

The Relationship Between Social Support and Morale: Comparisons of the Widowed and Never Married in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Martin Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Relationship

Through an analysis of data from 152 widowed and 62 never-married elderly residents of southern Ontario, this paper examines the relationship between social support and well-being, measured in terms of morale. The data indicate that while perceived social support is related to morale, particularly among the widowed, measures of available support are not directly associated with well-being among the widowed and never-married elderly. Indeed, reliance upon others for support is, in some circumstances, associated with decreased well-being among the elderly.

The impact of offspring marital status on depressive symptoms of parents: findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Woorim Kim ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park ◽  
Kyu-Tae Han ◽  
Tae-Hoon Lee ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:Noticeable demographic changes have taken place in South Korea, with the general marriage rate decreasing and the average first age at marriage and general divorce rate increasing. The shown trends have contributed to intergenerational discordance in the perception of familial values, which is important in addressing the psychological well-being of parents. This study aimed to investigate the association between the marital status of offspring aged 40 years and over and the depression levels of parents.Methods:Data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), 2006–2012. A total of 2,540 individuals with at least two offspring aged 40 years and over were included. Association between offspring marital status and parental depression scores, measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Depression (CES-D 10) scale, was investigated using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. Subgroup analysis was performed based on offspring education level.Results:When parents with only married offspring were set as reference, parents with never married offspring (β: 0.27,p= 0.02), parents with separated offspring (β: 0.52,p= 0.03), and parents with never married offspring and separated offspring (β: 0.38,p< 0.001) showed increases in depression scores. In the subgroup analysis, these higher depression score effects were largely limited to parents with high school graduate offspring.Conclusion:It is important to monitor the mental health status of parents with never married, separated, or both never married and separated offspring as this group may be comparatively vulnerable to depressive symptoms.

Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal and Lung Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 3084-3089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lo ◽  
Camilla Zimmermann ◽  
Anne Rydall ◽  
Andrew Walsh ◽  
Jennifer M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Proximity To Death

Purpose Although early intervention is increasingly advocated to prevent and relieve distress in patients with metastatic cancer, the risk factors for such symptoms and their trajectory are not well established. We therefore conducted a longitudinal study to determine the course and predictors of depressive symptoms. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 365) with metastatic gastrointestinal or lung cancer completed measures of physical distress, self-esteem, attachment security, spiritual well-being, social support, hopelessness, and depression at baseline; physical distress, social support, hopelessness, and depression were subsequently assessed at 2-month intervals. Results Of the sample, 35% reported at least mild depressive symptoms, with 16% reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms that persisted in at least one third of such individuals. Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were almost three times more common in the final 3 months of life than ≥ 1 year before death. Predictors of depressive symptoms included younger age, antidepressant use at baseline, lower self-esteem and spiritual well-being, and greater attachment anxiety, hopelessness, physical burden of illness, and proximity to death. The combination of greater physical suffering and psychosocial vulnerability put individuals at greatest risk for depression. Conclusion Depressive symptoms in advanced cancer patients are relatively common and may arise as a final common pathway of distress in response to psychosocial vulnerabilities, physical suffering, and proximity to death. These findings support the need for an integrated approach to address emotional and physical distress in this population and to determine whether early intervention may prevent depression at the end of life.

scholarly journals The influence of social support on COPD outcomes mediated by depression

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0245478
Author(s):  
Leonard Turnier ◽  
Michelle Eakin ◽  
Han Woo ◽  
Mark Dransfield ◽  
Trisha Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the association between perceived social support and COPD outcomes and to determine whether the associations are mediated by depressive symptoms. Methods Subjects with COPD who were enrolled as part of SPIROMICS were included in this analysis. Questionnaires relating to quality of life, symptom burden, and functional status were administered at annual clinic visits for over a 3 year period. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we examined the association of social support as measured by the FACIT-F with COPD outcomes. Cross sectional analyses used multivariable linear or logistic regression, adjusting for covariates. For longitudinal analyses, generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts were used. Models were adjusted with and without depressive symptoms and mediation analyses performed. Results Of the 1831 subjects with COPD, 1779 completed the FACIT- F questionnaire. In adjusted cross-sectional analysis without depressive symptoms, higher perceived social support was associated with better quality of life, well-being, 6 minute walk distance, and less dyspnea. When also adjusting for depressive symptoms, all associations between social support and COPD outcomes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. Mediation analysis suggested that depressive symptoms explained the majority (> = 85%) of the association between social support and measured COPD outcomes. Results of the longitudinal analysis were consistent with the cross-sectional analyses. There was no association between social support and odds of exacerbations. Conclusion Higher social support was associated with better COPD outcomes across several measures of morbidity including quality of life, respiratory symptoms, and functional status. In addition, these associations were largely attenuated when accounting for depressive symptoms suggesting that the beneficial association of social support with COPD outcomes may be largely mediated by the association between social support and depression. Trial registration SPIROMICS was approved by Institutional Review Boards at each center and all participants provided written informed consent (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01969344).

Childlessness, Parenthood, and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M. Bures ◽  
Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox ◽  
Michael Loree
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Social Parenthood

Prior research has examined whether parenthood is associated with higher levels of well-being among older adults, but definitions of parental status have varied. The authors examine links between parental status and depressive symptoms among older adults, comparing biological and social definitions of parenthood. The study finds few differences between biological and social parenthood but substantial variation in the relationship between parental status and depressive symptoms by gender and marital status. Biologically and socially childless adults had the lowest predicted levels of depression across all marital status groups. Widowed men averaged higher levels of depression than other men. For women, the highest predicted levels of depressive symptoms were observed among never-married biological parents and formerly married women who had outlived their children. Increased sampling of less common parental subgroups and diverse kinship relations to allow for more precise classifications and the consideration of joint marital—parental statuses in future research.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: MARITAL STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S919-S919
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Yeonjung Jane Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Social relationships are a well-established correlate of late-life well-being. Extensive research finds social support is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, yet few studies distinguish fine-grained types of support from spouse, children, other family and friends, nor whether these linkages differ by gender and marital status. Studies exploring coarse associations between support and well-being may conceal gender and marital status differences. We use data from two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006 and 2010) to study fine-grained linkages between diverse types of relationship strain and support and depressive symptoms (CESD) among adults aged 51+. The results show that the association between support/strain and depressive symptoms varies based on the source of support. For instance, among married/partnered older adults, spousal support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas friend strain is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Among widowed respondents, friend support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These marital status patterns differed by gender however, such that the impact of friend strain on depressive symptoms was especially large for divorced men. Our results suggest that no single form of social support (or strain) is uniformly protective (or distressing), so services and interventions to enhance late-life mental health should more fully consider older adults’ social location, including gender and marital status. For current cohorts of older adults, who have lower rates of marriage and childbearing than their predecessors, it is critically important to understand both the levels and impacts of alternative sources of support from other kin and friends.

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