scholarly journals Taxes in the Time of Revolution: An Experimental Test of the Rentier State during Algeria's Hirak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kubinec ◽  
Helen Milner
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Regional Comparisons

In this paper we examine the rentier thesis that a state's control over oil resources should help it resist calls for democratization. During Algeria's mass mobilization for regime change known as the Hirak in 2019, we implemented an interactive experimental treatment providing specific information about the Algerian government's high subsidies of gasoline and low value-added taxes with regional comparisons. Based on a sample of 5,968 Algerians, we find that when Algerians learn about their country's relatively high level of fuel subsidies and low level of taxes, their assessments of the government's performance improves; however, we do not see similar patterns for respondents' expressed intention to join the protests due to treatment heterogeneity defined by respondent wealth. Wealthier respondents report lower protest intentions upon learning about the scope of the rentier state, whereas poorer respondents report much higher protest intentions upon receiving the treatment. As a result, we find that the rentier state may be capable of improving perceptions of regime performance, yet still permit mass mobilization if there are class differences in the perceived benefits derived from redistribution.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Depletion Accounting: A Case Study of Oil in Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrazag Mohamed Etelawi ◽  
Keith A. Blatner ◽  
Jill McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Income Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

There is a strong need to study sustainability and depletion accounting of oil in the Libyan economy because oil production and export is the single largest source of national income in the country. This study covers the time period from 1990 to 2009. Throughout this period, the Libyan national economy used its oil and petroleum industries to increase national income. Development sustainability can be defined as investment divided by GDP. This measure provides an indication of the low level of sustainable development in Libya over the period of analysis, which is 0.38 on average. It is important that the Libyan government develop and implement plans and strategies for achieving sustainability and the maintenance of oil resources.Carbon dioxide emissions provide another indication of the presence or absence of sustainability. The ratio of carbon dioxide ranged from a minimum of 8.50 metric tons per capita in 1990 to 10.00 metric tons per capita in 2009 and average 9.07 metric tons per capita over the course of the study period. CO2 emissions were also much higher than other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. This suggests there was relatively little interest in the sustainable development of the Libyan economy during this period. The Environment Domestic Product (EDP) increased sharply from the beginning of the study at $24.23 billion in 1991 to $45.87 billion in 2009 in constant dollars. Again, one can infer that policy makers did not consider the depletion of oil resources and the environment in their planning process, or at least did not place a high level of concern on this issue.

scholarly journals Internal Marketing Communication of the Global Company in Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Jakub Michulek
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Company

Research background: Currently, it is constantly increasing emphasis on the satisfaction of employees in the company. One way to satisfy them through internal marketing communication. Set them training according to their needs and interests and allow them to grow their career growth. It is also the provision of information on time at the required range and especially to be up to date. As a result, employees can perform their work efficiently and work to achieve the required result that the enterprise expects. It is necessary for this internal communication in the company took place both directions for many companies. It follows that finance inserted into education of employees; it will return to a business in an even greater range. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyses the use of the tools of the communication mix in the field of internal marketing communication of the selected company. Methods: SWOT analysis, Deduction, Comparison. Findings & Value added: Internal marketing communication in chosen company is on high level, according to analyzing tools and results of SWOT analysis. Added value is finding a level of internal marketing communication for company and creating some points for continuing in building quality internal marketing communication.

‘I am tired of being afraid’: Emotions and protest participation in Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110230
Author(s):  
Olena Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
High Level

Belarus witnessed a staggering level of mass mobilization in the aftermath of the 2020 fraudulent election and disproportionate use of police force against peaceful protesters. Using the case of anti-government protests in Belarus, this article argues that a confluence of moral and reflex emotions explains an incredibly high level of protest participation in a hard autocracy. Specifically, indignation over the magnitude of electoral malpractices and the intensity of police violence, in congruence with the loss of fear, provides a moral battery for generating and sustaining mass mobilization. It is further argued that a sense of unity within the protest movement mitigates fear of repression and facilitates sustained engagement in protests. Drawing on media reports and protesters’ narratives, the study traces how citizens overcame their fear of state reprisal and took to the street. The article contributes to contentious politics literature by elucidating the role of emotions in shaping mass mobilization.

The (Mis)measure of Schools: How Data Affect Stakeholder Knowledge and Perceptions of Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Jack Schneider ◽  
Rebecca Jacobsen ◽  
Rachel S. White ◽  
Hunter Gehlbach
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Specific Information

Purpose/Objective Under the reauthorized Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), states and districts retain greater discretion over the measures included in school quality report cards. Moreover, ESSA now requires states to expand their measurement efforts to address factors like school climate. This shift toward more comprehensive measures of school quality provides an opportunity for states and districts to think intentionally about a basic question: What specific information should schools collect and report to their communities? Setting This study took place in the community surrounding a small, highly diverse urban school district. Population/Participants Forty-five local residents representing a range of demographic backgrounds participated in a modified deliberative poll with an experimental treatment. Intervention/Program/Practice We randomly assigned participants into two conditions. In the first, participants accessed the state web portal, which houses all publicly available educational data about districts in the state. In the second condition, participants accessed a customized portal that contained a wider array of school performance information collected by the research team. Research Design This mixed-methods study used a modified deliberative polling format, in conjunction with a randomized controlled field trial. Data Collection and Analysis Participants in both conditions completed a battery of survey items that were analyzed through multiple regressions. Findings/Results When users of a more holistic and comprehensive data system evaluated unfamiliar schools, they not only valued the information more highly but also expressed more confidence in the quality of the schools. Conclusions/Recommendations We doubt that more comprehensive information will inevitably lead to higher ratings of school quality. However, it appears—both from prior research, from theory, and from this project—that deeper familiarity with a school often fosters more positive perceptions. This may be because those unfamiliar with particular schools rely on a limited range of data, which fail to adequately capture the full range of performance variables, particularly in the case of urban schools. We encourage future exploration of this topic, which may have implications for school choice, parental engagement, and accountability policy.

From Event Reports to Protest Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
Nils B. Weidmann ◽  
Espen Geelmuyden Rød
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
National Unit ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Mass Protest ◽  
High Level

This chapter introduces the main elements of the research design for the empirical chapters in the book. Starting with the event reports provided by the Mass Mobilization in Autocracies Database, the chapter develops a research design that studies variation in local Internet penetration and anti-regime protest. The chapter motivates the choice of the sub-national unit of observation (cities), and temporal units of analysis (years, weeks). It introduces a new measure of Internet penetration derived from network measurements, developed in collaboration with computer scientists. The high level of spatial and temporal resolution allows for one of the most detailed analyses so far in the study of mass protest. The chapter also introduces the statistical models used for the analysis. The book relies on Bayesian multilevel models, a framework that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the data and has advantages in the analysis of data with skewed dependent variables.

Efficient Implementation of Application-Aware Spinlock Control in MPSoCs

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diandian Zhang ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Jeronimo Castrillon ◽  
Torsten Kempf ◽  
Gerd Ascheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Application Aware ◽  
High Level ◽  
Application Specific

Spinlocks are a common technique in Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) to protect shared resources and prevent data corruption. Without a priori application knowledge, the control of spinlocks is often highly random which can degrade the system performance significantly. To improve this, a centralized control mechanism for spinlocks is proposed in this paper, which utilizes application-specific information during spinlock control. The complete control flow is presented, which starts from integrating high-level user-defined information down to a low-level realization of the control. An Application-Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) called OSIP, which was originally designed for task scheduling and mapping, is extended to support this mechanism. The case studies demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed approach and at the same time highlight the efficiency and flexibility advantages of using an ASIP as the system controller in MPSoCs.

Value Added and Its Uses: Where You Stand Depends on Where You Sit

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Corcoran ◽  
Dan Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Value Added Model ◽  
High Level

In this policy brief we argue that there is little debate about the statistical properties of value-added model (VAM) estimates of teacher performance, yet, despite this, there is little consensus about what the evidence about VAMs implies for their practical utility as part of high-stakes performance evaluation systems. A review of the evidence base that underlies the debate over VAM measures, followed by our subjective opinions about the value of using VAMs, illustrates how different policy conclusions can easily arise even given a high-level general agreement about an existing body of evidence. We conclude the brief by offering a few thoughts about the limits of our knowledge and what that means for those who do wish to integrate VAMs into their own teacher-evaluation strategy.

Short-Term Sensory Reduction Used as a Therapeutic Aid in Enhancement of Self-Concept

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304
Author(s):  
Jon E. Bentz
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
High Level

48 college freshmen volunteered for this investigation and were assigned to one of four experimental conditions: sensory reduction plus message, sensory reduction only, message only, or no treatment control. All subjects rated their own personalities using a modified form of the Brownfain Self-rating Inventory one day prior to and immediately following the experimental treatment. The duration of the stimulus reduction experience was 40 min. and the taped message was designed to enhance self-concept. Results indicated that the sensory reduction inhibited the enhancement of self-concept, whereas subjects who were presented the taped message in a normal sensory environment showed a significant enhancement of self-concept. It was hypothesized that the sensory reduction created a high level of anxiety which served to interfere with the effectiveness of the stimulus tape.

scholarly journals Investment Potential of the Manufacturing Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
N. M. Abdikeev ◽  
Yu. S. Bogachev ◽  
S. R. Bekulova
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
High Level ◽  
Advanced Development

The article considers investment in fixed assets of the manufacturing industry as one of the main factors of its development. The manufacturing industry is shown to be the growth driver of national economy for developed and developing countries. The analysis of exports and imports of the first 15 countries in the ranking in terms of gross domestic product calculated at purchasing power parity (GDP at PPP) shows the leading role of the manufacturing industry in the global economy. At the same time, competitiveness in the global market is determined by high-tech products. Therefore, for the sustainable development of the Russian economy, it is necessary to create investment conditions for the advanced development of high-tech segments of the manufacturing industry. However, the current structure of investments in fixed assets contributes to the development of such services sector segments as “Transportation and storage”, “Real estate operations”. In the structure of investments in fixed assets, the largest share belongs to investments in buildings and structures, and intellectual property items account for no more than 10%. It is shown that the lack of investment resources is the main reason for the reduction (by 1.5 times) of the contribution to the value added of the manufacturing industry in Russia, production of machinery and equipment. This leads to an increase in dependence on imports, a fall in the share of products from high-tech sectors. To analyze the development potential of manufacturing industries, the authors introduced an indicator of investment intensity per 100 rubles of shipped industrial products. It was determined that enterprises with a joint Russian and foreign form of ownership lead in terms of investment intensity. At the same time, private enterprises, leading in terms of output, demonstrate weak investment activity. The low investment attractiveness of high-tech manufacturing sectors is shown. The regional structure of the manufacturing industry was analyzed. There is a high level of regional concentration of the manufacturing industry in Russia. At the same time, the authors show its relatively weak significance in the structure of the gross regional product in the majority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It has been proposed to develop a program at the federal level for the advanced development of production in the high-tech and medium-technology high-level sectors for 10–15 years. It is proposed to create a supradepartmental executive authority to manage this program.

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