scholarly journals Unions in the postal services of the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kalbermatter ◽  
Simon Schaupp ◽  
Verena Hartleitner ◽  
Oliver Nachtwey
Keyword(s):  
Labor Union ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Work Intensification ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Specific Technology

This study is an explorative analysis of labor union representatives’ assessment of digital transformation in the postal and logistics sector and the consequences for union activities in different regions of the world. It consists of two parts: Part I is a review of existing research on the topic of digitalization and labor relations in the postal and logistics sector. Part II represents the core of the study, consisting of a qualitative survey of union representatives from that sector regarding their stance towards digitalization and respective union strategies. The sample consists of 29 detailed written statements of union representatives from all continents, answering to a set of open questions. The study shows that in almost all of the regions, digital technologies are the basic technological infrastructure that enables postal work. There is a set of specific technology bundles which are consistently used in all of these regions. The surveyed union representatives consistently report a net job loss as a consequence of digitalization, although it also has created some new jobs. They also indicate an increase in precarious forms of employment, such as subcontracting, temporary work or bogus self-employment. In terms of working conditions, respondents refer to work facilitation through automation and digital assistance. However, they also underline that especially algorithmic work control leads to increased surveillance and work intensification. This intensification of work is perceived in turn as a factor in increased stress and thus as a risk for workers’ health. Yet, respondents also see the potential for digital systems to prevent accidents. Overall, the surveyed union representatives see digitalization as inevitable. Yet, they consistently argue that new regulations are needed because older standards often times do not address the specific problems of digitalized work.

scholarly journals DASH-type cryptochromes – solved and open questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 401 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493
Author(s):  
Stephan Kiontke ◽  
Tanja Göbel ◽  
Annika Brych ◽  
Alfred Batschauer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Dna Repair Enzymes ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Repair Activity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Uv Lesions

AbstractDrosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, human (DASH)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) form one subclade of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). CPF members are flavoproteins that act as DNA-repair enzymes (DNA-photolyases), or as ultraviolet(UV)-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes). In mammals, cryptochromes are essential components of the circadian clock feed-back loop. Cry-DASHs are present in almost all major taxa and were initially considered as photoreceptors. Later studies demonstrated DNA-repair activity that was, however, restricted to UV-lesions in single-stranded DNA. Very recent studies, particularly on microbial organisms, substantiated photoreceptor functions of cry-DASHs suggesting that they could be transitions between photolyases and cryptochromes.

scholarly journals Organisasi Serikat Pekerja Terhadap Kesejahteraan Pekerja atau Buruh di PT. Apac Inti Corpora

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-630
Author(s):  
Sonhaji Sonhaji
Keyword(s):  
Labor Union ◽  
Labor Agreement ◽  
Basic Salary ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Union Role

Abstract This paper aims to understand does the labor union contribute in improving its labor’s warfare in PT. Apac Inti Corpora, the obstacles in order to improve the labor’s warfare in PT. Apac Inti Corpora, the efforts in order to overcome the obstacles. The result of this research shows that SPA / Serikat Pekerja Apacinti (Apacinti Labor Union) is a labor union in PT. Apac Inti Corpora. This SPA is a helping-hand for the employees and labors alike, and it includes contributing in composing PKB / Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (Collective Labor Agreement) Nevertheless, in fact, almost all organizations in which a labor union is formed fail to apply the labor agreement. As far as concerned, this SPA has successfully helped its labors and employees with less obstacles. However, one of the only problems which matters is when SPA receives labor dismissing / laying off report. The SPA considers this problem as aberration, and to resolve it, the SPA holds a bipartite conference with the employers. Unfotunately, the conference fails to resolve. Another solution to resolve this problem is holding another conference, yet this time is a tripartite with Department of Manpower and Transmigration in Semarang, and the latest conference succesfully resolves by giving 70% of basic salary instead of a half, and by giving THR / Tunjangan Hari Raya (Alimony the feast). Keywords :    Labor Union Role;  Labor’s Warfare;  PT. Apac Inti Corpora Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan serikat pekerja/buruh dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja di PT. Apac Inti Copora, hambatan yang di hadapi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh di PT Apac Inti Corpora, upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan yang di hadapi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh di PT Apac Inti Corpora.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Serikat Pekerja Apacinti / SPA merupakan nama organisasi serikat pekerja yang terdapat di PT. Apac Inti Corpora. Peranan Serikat Pekerja di perusahaan ini sangat berpengaruh dalam mensejahterakan pekerja/buruh, termasuk ikut andil dalam menyusun Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (PKB). Hampir semua organisasi di mana terbentuk Serikat Pekerja/Buruh tidak semua mulus dalam menerapkan kesepakatan bersama. Selama ini peran Serikat Pekerja/Buruh dalam mensejahterakan pekerja/buruh di perusahaan ini tidak ada hambatan. Serikat Pekerja Apacinti PT. Apac Inti Corpora baru mengalami suatu hambatan dimana salah satunya adalah adanya permasalahan menonaktifkan karyawan / merumahkan karyawan, ketika dirundingkan masih gagal dalam bermediasi karena belum menemukan titik terang. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah berupa pertemuan Tripartit dengan Dinas Sosial Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Semarang dan permasalahan dapat terselesaikan dengan kata sepakat bahwa tetap diberi upah 70% dan Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR). Kata Kunci: Peranan Serikat Pekerja; Kesejahteraan Pekerja; PT. Apac Inti Corpora.

Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology—From the “Curve of Knowns” to Bayesian Modeling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Egyptian Archaeology

Radiocarbon dating has become a standard dating method in archaeology almost all over the world. However, in the field of Egyptology and Near Eastern archaeology, the method is still not fully appreciated. Recent years have seen several major radiocarbon projects addressing Egyptian archaeology and chronology that have led to an intensified discussion regarding the application of radiocarbon dating within the field of Egyptology. This chapter reviews the contribution of radiocarbon dating to the discipline of Egyptology, discusses state-of-the-art applications and their impact on archaeological as well as chronological questions, and presents open questions that will be addressed in the years to come.

scholarly journals Policy reform and fathers’ use of parental leave in Germany: The role of education and workplace characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Geisler ◽  
Michaela Kreyenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German Microcensus

The introduction of the parental leave benefit scheme in 2007 is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the German welfare state towards a model that better supports work and family life compatibility. In this article, we investigate whether and how this reform has affected men’s use of parental leave based on data from the German microcensus of 1999–2012. We find that parental leave usage has increased across all educational levels, but the shift has been strongest for university-educated fathers. Public sector employment is beneficial for men’s uptake of leave, while self-employment and temporary work lowers fathers’ chances of taking leave. The parental leave reform has not affected these associations much.

scholarly journals How can we relieve gastrointestinal symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis? An international qualitative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000614
Author(s):  
Sherie Smith ◽  
Nicola Rowbotham ◽  
Gwyneth Davies ◽  
Katie Gathercole ◽  
Sarah J Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
James Lind Alliance ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Almost All

IntroductionRelieving gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was identified as a ‘top ten’ priority by our James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership in cystic fibrosis (CF). We conducted an online survey to find out more about the effect of GI symptoms in CF.MethodsWe co-produced an online survey distributed to the CF community via web-based platforms. The survey consisted of open and closed questions designed to help us learn more about the effects of GI symptoms for people with CF (pwCF). We analysed the data using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We promoted the survey via social media and web-based platforms which allowed respondents from any country to take part. Our participants came from the CF community, including: adults and children with CF, parents and close family of pwCF and healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with pwCF.ResultsThere were 276 respondents: 90 (33%) pwCF, 79 (29%) family, 107 (39%) HCPs. The most commonly reported symptoms by lay respondents were stomach cramps/pain, bloating and a ‘combination of symptoms’. The top three symptoms that HCPs said were reported to them were reduced appetite, bloating and constipation. Almost all (94% (85/90)) HCPs thought medications helped to relieve GI symptoms but only 58% (82/141) of lay respondents agreed.ConclusionsOur survey has shown that GI symptoms among our participants are prevalent and intrude on daily lives of pwCF. There is a need for well-designed clinical studies to provide better evidence for management of GI symptoms and complications.

scholarly journals Study on Children’s Health Program and Maternity Health Program, Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Program ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Doctor's Office ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Maternity Health

Abstract Introduction The survey was conducted to establish the level access to the Children’s Health Program and the Maternal Health Program of the National Health Insurance Fund by marginalized groups. The survey was conducted in the period September-December, 2018 and covered 315 women from Nadezhda neighbourhood (Roma community),Sliven.The methodology used is social accountability and legal empowerment. Methods The survey was conducted through a face-to-face survey. A questionnaire was used with closed and open questions. Consultation with those people was anonymous. We used a “cold contact’ and a “snowball’ method. Results Almost all respondents - 97.7% - have a GP.All (who have the contact of their GP) can easily contact their doctor, although only 7 (2.3%) have the phone number of their GPs. Almost 90% pay part of the cost of treatment, few are cases of full payment or no payment.Quite low - 40.9% - are the rates of visits to the GP in the first month after birth and the appointed (mandatory and due) examinations. Only 45% were examined in the first month after birth by the testimonies of the respondents. It is imperative to take steps to raise the percentage of mothers who visit doctor’s office and receive an examinations.74.2% say they adhere to the children’s food-hygiene regime. The remaining 20.95% point out the lack of funds and the poor living conditions in the neighborhood (noise, stopping water, etc.) as reasons for not adhering to the regime. While only about 20% claim to have faced discriminatory treatment (just over 30% say they have not experienced it, and nearly half do not respond), there are indicative responses to discriminatory treatment - division in the maternity ward, offensive speech, etc. Conclusions The study achieves its goals - to provide an adequate picture of maternal access to prenatal and pediatric medical care, as well as the difficulties to ensure maximum care for children. Key messages Roma children are not treated equally under the Children’s Health. Roma mothers do not have equal access to the Maternity Health Program.

scholarly journals CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE RESPONDENTS IN AVAILING THE BENEFITS OF DWCRA IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Yalla Meera ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose ◽  
Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Almost All

Women and Children constitute 67.7 per cent of the country’s total population as per the census 2001. Women exclusively accounted for million constituting 48.3 percent of the country’s population. By virtue of these figures, they shall be considered as an important target group. Hence, it becomes an essentiality to empower women economically and socially for promoting national development. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was launched as sub scheme of IRDP. It was initially started as pilot project in 50 selected districts in all states during 1982- 1983. During, the IX plan almost all state governments started implementing DWCRA activities in rural areas. The objectives of this programme are to organize women into socio-economic activity groups with the dual purpose of providing self- employment opportunities and social strength to them. Besides, providing financial support for income generating activities, DWCRA also increases women’s access to basic services of health, education, children’s nutrition, safe drinking water, sanitation and environment. Though there are many achievements to its credit, still there is wider space to accommodate many innovative ideas elicited through the participation of women over the years for improving the programme periphery.

scholarly journals Intrinsic density, asymptotic computability, and stochasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Justin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Turing Degrees ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Computable Set ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Bernoulli Measure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
E Mail

AbstractThere are many computational problems which are generally “easy” to solve but have certain rare examples which are much more difficult to solve. One approach to studying these problems is to ignore the difficult edge cases. Asymptotic computability is one of the formal tools that uses this approach to study these problems. Asymptotically computable sets can be thought of as almost computable sets, however every set is computationally equivalent to an almost computable set. Intrinsic density was introduced as a way to get around this unsettling fact, and which will be our main focus.Of particular interest for the first half of this dissertation are the intrinsically small sets, the sets of intrinsic density $0$ . While the bulk of the existing work concerning intrinsic density was focused on these sets, there were still many questions left unanswered. The first half of this dissertation answers some of these questions. We proved some useful closure properties for the intrinsically small sets and applied them to prove separations for the intrinsic variants of asymptotic computability. We also completely separated hyperimmunity and intrinsic smallness in the Turing degrees and resolved some open questions regarding the relativization of intrinsic density.For the second half of this dissertation, we turned our attention to the study of intermediate intrinsic density. We developed a calculus using noncomputable coding operations to construct examples of sets with intermediate intrinsic density. For almost all $r\in (0,1)$ , this construction yielded the first known example of a set with intrinsic density r which cannot compute a set random with respect to the r-Bernoulli measure. Motivated by the fact that intrinsic density coincides with the notion of injection stochasticity, we applied these techniques to study the structure of the more well-known notion of MWC-stochasticity.Abstract prepared by Justin Miller.E-mail: [email protected]: https://curate.nd.edu/show/6t053f4938w

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

scholarly journals The Roles of Cytokinins in Plants and Their Response to Environmental Stimuli

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
R. J. Neil Emery ◽  
Anna Kisiala
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Almost All

Cytokinins (CKs) are adenine-derived, small-molecule plant growth regulators that control aspects of almost all plant growth and development processes. Internally, CKs play significant roles in plant cell division, nutrient allocation, and photosynthetic performance, and they are also detection and signaling agents for plant responses to the environmental challenges. CK functions in plant metabolism include plant adaptations to various abiotic stresses as well as their regulatory role in plant interactions with biotic components of the environment. Interestingly, CK biosynthesis is not exclusive to plants. New genetic and chemical approaches have revealed that both beneficial (symbiotic microorganisms) and detrimental (pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or insects) non-plant biota can secrete these phytohormones to purposefully modify plant metabolism. Therefore, while many open questions remain about how CKs are actively utilized by plants and plant-interacting organisms, CK roles should be seen more broadly, as signaling molecules for which effects range from within cells to as far as interkingdom relationships. The papers in this Special Issue highlight several aspects of CK biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions within plants and among plant-associated organisms, typifying the extensive range of roles played by these signaling molecules. The collection of papers represents new examples for CK researchers to consider advancing the growing range of topics related to how CKs mediate responses to many kinds of environmental stimuli and stresses.

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