scholarly journals Intrinsic density, asymptotic computability, and stochasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Justin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Turing Degrees ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Computable Set ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Bernoulli Measure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
E Mail

AbstractThere are many computational problems which are generally “easy” to solve but have certain rare examples which are much more difficult to solve. One approach to studying these problems is to ignore the difficult edge cases. Asymptotic computability is one of the formal tools that uses this approach to study these problems. Asymptotically computable sets can be thought of as almost computable sets, however every set is computationally equivalent to an almost computable set. Intrinsic density was introduced as a way to get around this unsettling fact, and which will be our main focus.Of particular interest for the first half of this dissertation are the intrinsically small sets, the sets of intrinsic density $0$ . While the bulk of the existing work concerning intrinsic density was focused on these sets, there were still many questions left unanswered. The first half of this dissertation answers some of these questions. We proved some useful closure properties for the intrinsically small sets and applied them to prove separations for the intrinsic variants of asymptotic computability. We also completely separated hyperimmunity and intrinsic smallness in the Turing degrees and resolved some open questions regarding the relativization of intrinsic density.For the second half of this dissertation, we turned our attention to the study of intermediate intrinsic density. We developed a calculus using noncomputable coding operations to construct examples of sets with intermediate intrinsic density. For almost all $r\in (0,1)$ , this construction yielded the first known example of a set with intrinsic density r which cannot compute a set random with respect to the r-Bernoulli measure. Motivated by the fact that intrinsic density coincides with the notion of injection stochasticity, we applied these techniques to study the structure of the more well-known notion of MWC-stochasticity.Abstract prepared by Justin Miller.E-mail: [email protected]: https://curate.nd.edu/show/6t053f4938w

scholarly journals An explanatory study of the use of e-mail investor communication by South African listed companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelof Baard ◽  
George Nel
Keyword(s):  
Listed Companies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Handling Performance ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
E Mail

Background: Although research shows that almost all listed companies have corporate websites with dedicated investor relations (IR) sections that enable companies to ‘push’ information to investors, it was argued that such an asymmetrical approach to communication is insufficient for companies wishing to exercise good IR. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Internet to act as a mechanism to achieve more interactive communication between companies and investors.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the responsiveness, timeliness and relevance of companies’ responses to e-mail requests, and to test for the determinants (size, market-to-book ratio, profitability, leverage and liquidity) thereof.Method: The mystery investor approach and a content analysis were used to study the e-mail handling performance of companies. The associations between company-specific characteristics were statistically tested.Results: It was found that the e-mail handling performance of companies in this study was poor compared with previous studies. Significant relationships between company size and responsiveness and relevance, and between market-to-book ratio and relevance were reported, as well as between the contact method used to request information and relevance and the use of social media and timeliness.Conclusion: Specific areas where companies could improve their investor communications were identified. The need for further research was discussed to explain some of the relationships found, as well as those not found, in contrast to what was expected. Future research is warranted to examine the relationship between the e-mail handling performance of companies and information asymmetry and the cost of equity of companies.

scholarly journals DASH-type cryptochromes – solved and open questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 401 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493
Author(s):  
Stephan Kiontke ◽  
Tanja Göbel ◽  
Annika Brych ◽  
Alfred Batschauer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Dna Repair Enzymes ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Repair Activity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Uv Lesions

AbstractDrosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, human (DASH)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) form one subclade of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). CPF members are flavoproteins that act as DNA-repair enzymes (DNA-photolyases), or as ultraviolet(UV)-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes). In mammals, cryptochromes are essential components of the circadian clock feed-back loop. Cry-DASHs are present in almost all major taxa and were initially considered as photoreceptors. Later studies demonstrated DNA-repair activity that was, however, restricted to UV-lesions in single-stranded DNA. Very recent studies, particularly on microbial organisms, substantiated photoreceptor functions of cry-DASHs suggesting that they could be transitions between photolyases and cryptochromes.

Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology—From the “Curve of Knowns” to Bayesian Modeling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Egyptian Archaeology

Radiocarbon dating has become a standard dating method in archaeology almost all over the world. However, in the field of Egyptology and Near Eastern archaeology, the method is still not fully appreciated. Recent years have seen several major radiocarbon projects addressing Egyptian archaeology and chronology that have led to an intensified discussion regarding the application of radiocarbon dating within the field of Egyptology. This chapter reviews the contribution of radiocarbon dating to the discipline of Egyptology, discusses state-of-the-art applications and their impact on archaeological as well as chronological questions, and presents open questions that will be addressed in the years to come.

scholarly journals Study on Children’s Health Program and Maternity Health Program, Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Program ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Doctor's Office ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Maternity Health

Abstract Introduction The survey was conducted to establish the level access to the Children’s Health Program and the Maternal Health Program of the National Health Insurance Fund by marginalized groups. The survey was conducted in the period September-December, 2018 and covered 315 women from Nadezhda neighbourhood (Roma community),Sliven.The methodology used is social accountability and legal empowerment. Methods The survey was conducted through a face-to-face survey. A questionnaire was used with closed and open questions. Consultation with those people was anonymous. We used a “cold contact’ and a “snowball’ method. Results Almost all respondents - 97.7% - have a GP.All (who have the contact of their GP) can easily contact their doctor, although only 7 (2.3%) have the phone number of their GPs. Almost 90% pay part of the cost of treatment, few are cases of full payment or no payment.Quite low - 40.9% - are the rates of visits to the GP in the first month after birth and the appointed (mandatory and due) examinations. Only 45% were examined in the first month after birth by the testimonies of the respondents. It is imperative to take steps to raise the percentage of mothers who visit doctor’s office and receive an examinations.74.2% say they adhere to the children’s food-hygiene regime. The remaining 20.95% point out the lack of funds and the poor living conditions in the neighborhood (noise, stopping water, etc.) as reasons for not adhering to the regime. While only about 20% claim to have faced discriminatory treatment (just over 30% say they have not experienced it, and nearly half do not respond), there are indicative responses to discriminatory treatment - division in the maternity ward, offensive speech, etc. Conclusions The study achieves its goals - to provide an adequate picture of maternal access to prenatal and pediatric medical care, as well as the difficulties to ensure maximum care for children. Key messages Roma children are not treated equally under the Children’s Health. Roma mothers do not have equal access to the Maternity Health Program.

Statewide survey on the management of psychosocial distress by oncologists

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8601-8601
Author(s):  
W. F. Pirl ◽  
A. Muriel ◽  
L. Schapia ◽  
V. Hwang ◽  
C. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Spam Filters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
E Mail

8601 Background: Although the NCCN has published guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress, no data exists on how oncologists manage it in clinical practice. This study surveyed oncologists in Massachusetts on their estimated rates of distress in their patients, beliefs about distress, and practice patterns. Methods: All Massachusetts oncologists belonging to ASCO were e-mailed an electronic survey up to three times. Survey completion was anonymous and a small incentive was offered for participation. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were compiled. Chi-squared analyses investigated differences in rates. Results: 393 e-mail addresses were identified. 338 surveys were delivered, but the e-mail survey could be blocked by SPAM filters. Ninety-nine responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 29%. Oncologists estimated that 77% (sd=23%) of their patients experience distress, but only 33% (sd=20%) have distress that warrants treatment. Emotional problems unrelated to illness, practical problems, and coping with illness were the three most frequently encountered forms of distress. Sixty-five percent of oncologists reported that they routinely screened for psychosocial distress, but only 3% use a screening instrument. Almost all reported that they would at least consider using a brief screening instrument (93%). Lack of time was identified as the main barrier to screening, but lack of knowledge about treatment of distress was the only variable that predicted lower rates of screening (p=.03). While reported rates of referrals to mental health professionals were high, the majority (85%) reported that they directly address the psychosocial distress in their practice and almost half reported that they initiate psychotropic medications (45%). Conclusions: The majority of oncologists report that they do some screening and management of psychosocial distress in their clinical practices. Although screening appears to mainly be done through the usual clinical encounter, research has shown that this method has a poor rate of detection for psychological disorders. Despite the fact that the NCCN recommends the use of screening instruments and most oncologists report interest in using them, oncologists rarely actually use such measures. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals THE PLACE OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN THE PROBLEM OF DATA LEAKS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGAINST FISHING E-MAIL ATTACKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Yuriy Yakymenko ◽  
Dmytro Rabchun ◽  
Mykhailo Zaporozhchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
Corporate Environment ◽  
Phishing Attacks ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Periodic Testing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Security Incidents

As the number and percentage of phishing attacks on company employees and regular users have tended to increase rapidly over the last two years, it is necessary to cover the issue of protection against this type of social engineering attacks. Throughout the pandemic, intruders are finding more and more new ways to cheat, so even experienced Internet users can become a victim to their scams. Due to the fact that e-mail is used in almost all companies, most fishing attacks use e-mail to send malicious messages. The article discusses the main methods used by attackers to conduct phishing attacks using e-mail, signs that the user has become a victim to social engineers, and provides recommendations how to increase the resilience of the corporate environment to such attacks using organizational methods. Because the user is the target of phishing attacks, and the tools built into the browser and email clients in most cases do not provide reliable protection against phishing, it is the user who poses the greatest danger to the company, because he, having become a victim of a fishing attack, can cause significant damage to the company due to his lack of competence and experience. That is why it is necessary to conduct training and periodic testing of personnel to provide resistance to targeted phishing attacks. Company employees should be familiar with the signs of phishing, examples of such attacks, the principles of working with corporate data and their responsibility. The company's management must create and communicate to the staff regulations and instructions that describe storage, processing, dissemination and transfer processes of information to third parties. Employees should also report suspicious emails, messages, calls, or people who have tried to find out valuable information to the company's security service. Raising general awareness through hands-on training will reduce the number of information security incidents caused by phishing attacks.

scholarly journals Grammatical Errors of Analysis in Writing E-Mail Committed by Reservation Staff at PT. Destination Asia Bali 2015/2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Shuandari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Travel Agent ◽  
Analytical Error ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Intensive Course ◽  
E Mail

This study aimed at (i) To analyze the compatibility of the emails written by the staffs of PT. Destination Asia Tour & Travel with the format of formal email, (2) to analyze the types of errors committed by the reservation staff at PT. Destination Asia Tour & Travel, (3) to find out the sources of errors committed by the reservation staff at PT. Destination Asia Tour & Travel. This study was designed as a descriptive qualitative study. The data were collected by using research instruments such as analytical error analysis rubric, interview and observation sheet. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. From the data analysis it was found that (i) most of the emails have been written formally, almost all of the staff violated the element of formal email regarding to the non-contraction use in the email; (ii) all of the staff committed 16 (19%) errors of omission, 12 (14%) errors of addition, 47 (55%) errors of malformation and 10 (12%) errors of disordering; and (iii) the errors made by the staffs are caused by some factors namely staff’s incomplete knowledge, absence of knowledge, forgetting, language interference, over generalization and false concept hypothesized. Based on the conclusion of this study, it was suggested to the travel agent to provide their staffs an intensive course especially to improve their competence in writing formal email. 

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DOS PERCENTIS 75 DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DECENCIAL PARA O ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, NA PRIMAVERA

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Benedito Martins Gomes ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Preliminary Phase

COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DOS PERCENTIS 75 DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DECENCIAL PARA O ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, NA PRIMAVERA   Benedito Martins GomesCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, CP 711, CEP 858114-110, Cascavel – PR, Fone: (0xx45) 220-3154, E-mail: [email protected] Leite CruzDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista,CP 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP, Fone: (0xx14) 6802-7165,E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO  No presente estudo foi avaliada a distribuição espacial do percentil 75 da precipitação decendial para o Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se um total de 136 postos pluviométricos com séries acima de 27 anos de registros. Em um estágio preliminar os valores dos percentis 75 da precipitação decendial foram georeferenciados, permitindo a utilização de técnicas da geoestatística para proceder à interpolação dos dados. Modelos experimentais de semivariogramas padronizados foram obtidos, utilizando-se a variância amostral como fator de escalonamento, permitindo a verificação de proporcionalidade entre os modelos e agrupando-os sob a mesma tendência. O modelo teórico exponencial foi o que melhor se ajustou aos semivariogramas experimentais, seguido pelo modelo esférico. Os parâmetros estimados para os modelos, efeito pepita, patamar e alcance foram utilizados para a realização da krigagem e confecção dos mapas de isolinhas. A distribuição espacial dos percentis 75 da precipitação decendial reflete o comportamento da circulação atmosférica no Estado, apresentando alta variabilidade. As regiões oeste , sudoeste e noroeste  apresentaram as menores intensidades de precipitação e foram variáveis de acordo com os níveis temporais na primavera. A região litorânea apresentou as maiores intensidades de precipitação para quase todos os níveis temporais estudados, diferenciando-se das demais regiões do Estado. A exceção foi à região nordeste no final da primavera que apresentou valores de intensidades maiores do que os registrados no litoral. A faixa litorânea apresentou comportamento homogêneo, detectado pelo forte agrupamento das isolinhas em quase todos os decêndios analisados.  UNITERMOS: precipitação decendial, semivariograma, geoestatística, krigage.   GOMES, B.M., CRUZ, R.L. SPACIAL BEHAVIOR OF TEN-DAY PRECIPITATION 75 percentil FOR SÃO PAULO STATE IN THE SPRING2 Abstract  In the present study it was evaluated the ten-day precipitation 75 percentil spatial distribution for São Paulo state, using a total of 136 pluviometric stations with series over 27 year- records. In a preliminary phase, the ten-day precipitation 75 percentil  values were georeferred in the space, allowing geostatistics technique use for data interpolation proceeding. Experimental models of standardized  semivariograms were obtained  using  sample variance as a staggering factor, allowing the proportionality verification among the models and grouping them under the same tendency. The exponential theorical pattern was better fitted to the experimental semivariograms, followed by the spherical pattern. The parameters measured for the models, nugget, sill and range effect were used to carry out the kriging and isogram maps preparation. The ten-day precipitation 75 percentil  spatial distribution reflects the atmospheric circulation behavior in the state, presenting high variability. The  western, southwestern and northwestern regions presented the lowest precipitation intensities and varied according to seasonal levels in the spring. The coastal region presented the highest precipitation intensities for almost all  studied seasonal levels, differing from other state regions. The exception was the northeastern region at the end of the spring, which presented higher intensity values than those recorded in the littoral.  Key words: ten day precipitation, semivariogram, geostatistics, kriging.

scholarly journals On Transfinite Levels of the Ershov Hierarchy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Recursion Theory ◽  
Density Theorem ◽  
Turing Degrees ◽  
Elementary Substructure ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Ershov Hierarchy ◽  
Sigma 1 ◽  
E Mail

AbstractIn this thesis, we study Turing degrees in the context of classical recursion theory. What we are interested in is the partially ordered structures $\mathcal {D}_{\alpha }$ for ordinals $\alpha <\omega ^2$ and $\mathcal {D}_{a}$ for notations $a\in \mathcal {O}$ with $|a|_{o}\geq \omega ^2$ .The dissertation is motivated by the $\Sigma _{1}$ -elementary substructure problem: Can one structure in the following structures $\mathcal {R}\subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{2}\subsetneqq \dots \subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{\omega }\subsetneqq \mathcal {D}_{\omega +1}\subsetneqq \dots \subsetneqq \mathcal {D(\leq \textbf {0}')}$ be a $\Sigma _{1}$ -elementary substructure of another? For finite levels of the Ershov hierarchy, Cai, Shore, and Slaman [Journal of Mathematical Logic, vol. 12 (2012), p. 1250005] showed that $\mathcal {D}_{n}\npreceq _{1}\mathcal {D}_{m}$ for any $n < m$ . We consider the problem for transfinite levels of the Ershov hierarchy and show that $\mathcal {D}_{\omega }\npreceq _{1}\mathcal {D}_{\omega +1}$ . The techniques in Chapters 2 and 3 are motivated by two remarkable theorems, Sacks Density Theorem and the d.r.e. Nondensity Theorem.In Chapter 1, we first briefly review the background of the research areas involved in this thesis, and then review some basic definitions and classical theorems. We also summarize our results in Chapter 2 to Chapter 4. In Chapter 2, we show that for any $\omega $ -r.e. set D and r.e. set B with $D<_{T}B$ , there is an $\omega +1$ -r.e. set A such that $D<_{T}A<_{T}B$ . In Chapter 3, we show that for some notation a with $|a|_{o}=\omega ^{2}$ , there is an incomplete $\omega +1$ -r.e. set A such that there are no a-r.e. sets U with $A<_{T}U<_{T}K$ . In Chapter 4, we generalize above results to higher levels (up to $\varepsilon _{0}$ ). We investigate Lachlan sets and minimal degrees on transfinite levels and show that for any notation a, there exists a $\Delta ^{0}_{2}$ -set A such that A is of minimal degree and $A\not \equiv _T U$ for all a-r.e. sets U.Abstract prepared by Cheng Peng.E-mail: [email protected]

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

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