scholarly journals Does Promiscuity Affect Marriage Rates?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Wolfinger ◽  
Samuel Perry
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Marital Sex

Sociologists have proposed numerous theories for declining marriage rates in the United States, generally highlighting demographic, economic, and cultural factors. One controversial theory contends that having multiple non-marital sex partners reduces traditional incentives for men to get married and simultaneously undermines their prospects in the marriage market. For women, multiple partners purportedly reduces their desirability as spouses by evoking a gendered double-standard about promiscuity. Though previous studies have shown that having multiple premarital sex partners is negatively associated with marital quality and stability, to date no research has examined whether having multiple non-marital sex partners affects marriage rates. Data from four waves of the National Survey of Family Growth reveal American women who report more sex partners are less likely to get married (though so too are virgins). Yet this finding is potentially misleading given the retrospective and cross-sectional nature of the data. Seventeen waves of prospective data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth’s 1997 mixed-gender cohort that extend through 2015 show that more non-marital sex partners has a temporary effect on marriage rates: recent sex partners reduce the odds of marriage, but the lifetime number of non-marital sex partners does not. Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit models suggest that the short-term effect is likely causal. Our findings ultimately cast doubt on recent scholarship that has implicated the ready availability of casual sex in the retreat from marriage. Rather, the effect of multiple sex partners on marriage rates is “seasonal” for most Americans.

scholarly journals HIV Vaccine Preparedness among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Taiwan: Sociocultural and Behavioral Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821983228
Author(s):  
Deng-Min Chuang ◽  
Peter Adam Newman ◽  
James Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Sex With Men

In Taiwan, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection. We examined awareness and acceptability of future HIV vaccines. From July to August 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with MSM recruited through community-based organizations (CBOs) in 2 cities. Among 200 participants (mean age, 27.6 years), half reported multiple partners and one-third condomless anal sex (past 3 months); 12% were HIV-positive. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use was reported by 42.7%. Over two-thirds (69.0%) were aware of HIV vaccine research, but less than half (43.8%) would accept an HIV vaccine if available. In multivariable analysis, higher educational attainment, >5 sex partners, and TCM use were positively associated with HIV vaccine awareness. Culturally informed HIV vaccine preparedness in Taiwan may be supported by a complementary approach to TCM and HIV prevention technologies, tailoring information for MSM with lower education and targeting those at high risk through gay-identified CBOs.

scholarly journals Will an Unsupervised Self-Testing Strategy Be Feasible to Operationalize in Canada? Results from a Pilot Study in Students of a Large Canadian University

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Pant Pai ◽  
Madhavi Bhargava ◽  
Lawrence Joseph ◽  
Jigyasa Sharma ◽  
Sabrina Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Self Test

Background.A convenient, private, and accessible HIV self-testing strategy stands to complement facility-based conventional testing. Over-the-counter oral HIV self-tests are approved and available in the United States, but not yet in Canada. Canadian data on self-testing is nonexistent. We investigated the feasibility of offering an unsupervised self-testing strategy to Canadian students.Methods.Between September 2011 and May 2012, we recruited 145 students from a student health clinic of a large Canadian university. Feasibility of operationalization (i.e., self-test conduct, acceptability, convenience, and willingness to pay) was evaluated. Self-test conduct was computed with agreement between the self-test performed by the student and the test repeated by a healthcare professional. Other metrics were measured on a survey.Results.Participants were young (median age: 22 years), unmarried (97%), and 47% were out of province or international students. Approximately 52% self-reported a history of unprotected casual sex and sex with multiple partners. Self-test conduct agreement was high (100%), so were acceptability (81%), convenience (99%), and willingness to pay (74%) for self-tests. Concerns included accuracy of self-tests and availability of expedited linkages.Conclusion.An unsupervised self-testing strategy was found to be feasible in Canadian students. Findings call for studies in at-risk populations to inform Canadian policy.

scholarly journals New challenges associated with Internet-related sexual behaviors: A cross-sectional study of the characteristics and risk factors of men who have sex with men in Zhejiang Province, China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Wanjun Chen ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Zhikan Ni ◽  
Qiaoqin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND Finding casual sex partners on the Internet has been considered as a new challenge for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). OBJECTIVE To identify the characteristics and risk factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) finding casual sex partners on the Internet for a new challenge regarding HIV transmission. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled by four community-based organizations (CBOs) through bathroom, bar and gay applications. Online survey was conducted to collected information on finding casual sex partners, HIV knowledge, HIV-risk behaviors. RESULTS Among 767 participants, 310(40.4%) reported ever finding causal sex partners on the Internet. Factors associated with finding casual sex partners online in multivariate logistic regression analysis included watching pornographic videos on the Internet more than once per week (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.201–2.948), discussing “hooking-up online” with friends (aOR = 4.018, 95%CI: 2.910–5.548), and perceiving that the likelihood of HIV infection in online casual sex partners was “very high” (aOR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.441–2.873) or “high/medium/low” (aOR = 2.548, 95% CI: 1.524–4.259). Among the 310 participants who reported finding casual sex partners online, 30.2% reported having unprotected sex with casual sex partners met online in the past 6 months. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, knowing the HIV infection status of online casual sex partners was significantly associated with a decreased risk of inconsistent condom use (aOR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.167–0.642). CONCLUSIONS Internet-based casual sexual behavior is becoming more prevalent, and the rate of unprotected sex among MSM in Zhejiang Province is high. Future HIV prevention approaches should emphasize the importance for MSM of proactively determining the HIV infection status of potential online casual sex partners.

Improvement in AIDS knowledge, perceptions and risk behaviours over a short period in a rural community of Senegal

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lagarde Gilles Pison Catherine Enel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period

The objective of this paper is to assess knowledge, perceptions and behavioural changes in response to AIDS in a rural community in the south of Senegal, comparing 2 cross-sectional surveys using standardized questionnaires and performed in 1990-1992 and 1994. An AIDS-related knowledge score was built using 4 questions about routes of HIV transmission, ranging from 0 to 4. The score increased between the 2 surveys from 1.6 to 2.1 for men ( P =0.006) and from 0.8 to 2.6 < for women ( P 10 4). The proportion of those who responded 'I don't know' to the 4 questions dealing with routes of AIDS transmission decreased from 24% to 14% on the average for men and from 66% to 20% on the average for women. The proportion of men who declared casual sex partners in the past 12 months decreased from 39% to 21% ( P =0.01). However, the proportion remained stable for women (from 15% to 18%). These results show that despite a relatively low level of HIV infection (0.8% of all adults), AIDS-related knowledge increased and at-risk behaviour decreased in a rural area of west Africa.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

A Silenced Population

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Gryglewicz ◽  
Melanie Bozzay ◽  
Brittany Arthur-Jordon ◽  
Gabriela D. Romero ◽  
Melissa Witmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Method Student

Abstract. Background: Given challenges that exceed the normal developmental requirements of adolescence, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) youth are believed to be at elevated risk for engaging in suicide-related behavior (SRB). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that put these youth potentially at risk. Aims: To determine whether peer relationship difficulties are related to increased risk of SRB in DHH youth. Method: Student records (n = 74) were retrieved from an accredited educational center for deaf and blind students in the United States. Results: Peer relationship difficulties were found to be significantly associated with engagement in SRB but not when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Limitations: The restricted sample limits generalizability. Conclusions regarding risk causation cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for future research that examines the mechanisms of the relationship between peer relationship difficulties, depression, and suicide risk in DHH youth and potential preventive interventions to ameliorate the risks for these at-risk youth.

scholarly journals National Estimates of Genetic Testing in Women With a History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (34) ◽  
pp. 3800-3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Childers ◽  
Kimberly K. Childers ◽  
Melinda Maggard-Gibbons ◽  
James Macinko
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interview Survey

Purpose In the United States, 3.8 million women have a history of breast (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC). Up to 15% of cases are attributable to heritable mutations, which, if identified, provide critical knowledge for treatment and preventive care. It is unknown how many patients who are at high risk for these mutations have not been tested and how rates vary by risk criteria. Methods We used pooled cross-sectional data from three Cancer Control Modules (2005, 2010, 2015) of the National Health Interview Survey, a national in-person household interview survey. Eligible patients were adult females with a history of BC and/or OC meeting select 2017 National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility criteria on the basis of age of diagnosis and family history. Outcomes included the proportion of individuals reporting a history of discussing genetic testing with a health professional, being advised to undergo genetic testing, or undergoing genetic testing for BC or OC. Results Of 47,218 women, 2.7% had a BC history and 0.4% had an OC history. For BC, 35.6% met one or more select eligibility criteria; of those, 29.0% discussed, 20.2% were advised to undergo, and 15.3% underwent genetic testing. Testing rates for individual eligibility criteria ranged from 6.2% (relative with OC) to 18.2% (diagnosis ≤ 45 years of age). For OC, 15.1% discussed, 13.1% were advised to undergo, and 10.5% underwent testing. Using only four BC eligibility criteria and all patients with OC, an estimated 1.2 to 1.3 million individuals failed to receive testing. Conclusion Fewer than one in five individuals with a history of BC or OC meeting select National Cancer Comprehensive Network criteria have undergone genetic testing. Most have never discussed testing with a health care provider. Large national efforts are warranted to address this unmet need.

scholarly journals How Family Physicians Practice the Principle of Remission Along the Glycemic Continuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272097774
Author(s):  
Stephanie T. Fulleborn ◽  
Paul F. Crawford ◽  
Jeremy T. Jackson ◽  
Christy J.W. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Regulation

Introduction Recent evidence reveals that diabetes and prediabetes (preDM) can be reversed to normal glucose regulation (NGR) through significant weight loss, but how physicians clinically identify the principles of partial and complete remission of diabetes is largely unknown. Methods As part of the cross-sectional omnibus survey conducted in March 2019 at a professional annual meeting in the United States, physician participants answered case scenario questions about the diagnosis and documentation of patients with preDM and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Results Of the registered conference attendees, 387 (72.7%) responded. When presented with the initial case of preDM, 201 physicians (70.8%) selected R73.03 Prediabetes. In a follow-up encounter with improved lab results, 118 physicians (58.7%) indicated that they would not chart any diabetes-related code and 62 (30.8%) would chart preDM again. When presented with the case of T2DM, 256 physicians (90.1%) indicated E11.0–E11.9 Type 2 Diabetes. In the follow-up encounter, only 38 (14.8%) coded a diagnosis reflecting remission from T2DM to prediabetes and 211 (82.4%) charted T2DM. Conclusion Physicians may be reluctant to document diabetes regression as there is little evidence for long-term outcomes and “downgrading” the diagnosis in the medical record may cause screenings to be missed. Documenting this regression in the medical record should communicate the accurate point on the continuum of glucose intolerance with both the patient and the care team.

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