scholarly journals Still Hoping: The Relation of International Auxiliary Languages to Worldview and Perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zorrilla
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Community Membership ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Length

Constructed international auxiliary languages (IALs) have been proposed to influence the cultural identities and world perspectives of their speakers. The creation of IALs surged in the late 19th century as a response to rising nationalism; through their sociopolitical neutrality and ease of learning, IALs sought to introduce unity to a divided world. Though IAL adoption remains limited, their speakers still believe that given the ability to spread, IALs could unite our global community. To examine group trends and individual perspectives in how IALs may influence identity and perception, I surveyed and interviewed an online Esperantist community. I also performed close reading of randomly-selected posts on online forums for Esperanto, Volapük, and Toki Pona, as well as the general forum Linguistics and Conlangs. Finally, I analyzed content for six months of posts from the Volapük and Toki Pona forums. Most speakers (68.8%) self-reported that IALs changed their perception and, fewer (34.4%), beliefs. Survey respondents and interviewees cited community membership, broader communication, and IALs’ simplified linguistic features as influences on their worldviews. Accordingly, more years speaking Esperanto, seeking and feeling part of Esperanto communities, and believing the world would be a better place with more IAL adoption significantly correlated with change in beliefs. Different IAL forums statistically differed in their content, interactivity, and post length, which may reflect language-influenced disparities. The results suggest that IALs may affect the beliefs of learners in relation to their community-building properties and widening of communication ranges and impact the perceptions of learners through their unique structures.

scholarly journals Between America and Europe – Communicating in the Light of the Spatial Mobility of Poles. Part 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Wioleta Danilewicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Constant Element

Abstract Emigration from Poland has a rich and complicated history. Also nowadays, international mobility is still a constant element present in the life of Polish society and in worldwide trends. Migrating beyond the borders of a given country has become a feature of contemporary citizens of the world. The new global mobility trends are: globalization, acceleration, diversity and transnationality, feminization (Castles, Miller, 2011). In reference to the issue of the volume, major emphasis was placed on the first of these trends, i.e. globalization. The purpose of this paper is to show how migrants have communicated with members of their families during cumulative dislocations from the late 19th century to modern times. Particular attention was paid to the ways of maintaining contact with family and the country of origin.

scholarly journals TRADITIONS OF THE HUNTING SUBCULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF SIBERIA AND THE FAR NORTH IN JOURNAL ESSAYS OF THE LATE 19th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Vasilyeva ◽  
A.V. Lyapina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Far North ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oriented System

The hunting ritual, which has a long tradition of studying, is for the first time considered from the standpoint of the value-oriented system of values of the world by the authors of Russian journal essays of the late 19th century. The distinctive features of the ritual of hunting as a cultural and ethnic specificity of a particular nation are separately represented, an orientalist approach to assessing the hunting traditions of the peoples of Siberia and the Far North in the capital’s journals of nature and hunting is revealed.

scholarly journals Brahma Sutra and Vedadikara Nirupanam (Authoritarian Critique of Vedas)

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Dr. K. Mini
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Vedic Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pure Knowledge

The Vedas are one of the oldest manuscripts in the world literature. The word Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root ‘vid’ which means knowledge, but it could be attributed as a bundle of knowledge of the Vedic period. All the Indian chronicles and myths extol the Vedas. There is not even a single mantra anywhere in the sacred text repudiating anyone the right to become versed in Vedas but the authority to study and teach the Vedas abounding with knowledge, has been interpreted as the right of a monopolized community gradually. Prominent social reformers like Dayananda Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda who visited India in the late 19th century argued that everyone has the right to study the Vedas. Meanwhile, Chattambi Swami wrote Vedadhikara Nirupanam, proclaiming that the right to study Veda belongs to everyone in Kerala. In this book, Chattambi Swami analyses extensively the question of who is qualified to study the Vedas and has explicitly established that everyone who has the desire to study the Vedas and the customs in rapport with it are eligible for the study. The dissension created by this work was tremendous during the time when the elite castes and scholars of the society strongly believed and argued that only Brahmins had the dominion to study the Vedas. Vyaptheshcha Samajasam is elaborated in the Brahma Sutras as follows. Para brahma swaroopi, Parameswaran (Lord Shiva) is omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient and absolute. On account of this, it is equitable to say that even if there is a disparity in the name or context of the theosophical form of knowledge, the objective serves as the same. The purpose of all techniques is to illustrate the essence of God in copious ways. They all have similarities in it. Therefore every theosophy is analogous. After reflecting the Vedic forms and significance of the Vedas, Chattambi Swami encompasses the principles of Shruti(what is heard), Yukti(logic) and Anubhavam (experience) and depicts his own perceptions. Similarly, Swami meticulously discusses who is a Brahmin. For instance, Swami examines whether any of these qualities like pure knowledge, birth, noble action and self knowledge make a person a Brahmin or a combination of all these. From this discussion it is implicit that a Brahmin is only one who has wisdom and associated noble deeds. The dogma that the Shudrascannot be educated ‘nasthrishudrau vedamathiyatham’, this verse is neither a Veda nor a Smriti, it is just a sutra (aphorism).It is not accepted or studied anywhere in Shruti (what is heard) Smriti (what is recollected) mythological texts. Therefore, it does not have to be accepted as a doctrine. The verse means that women and Shudras need not have to study but it cannot be interpreted that they are incapable to learn. Even if it is argued that Shudras (lowest ranked of the four varnas of Hindu caste system) have no authority to study the Puranas, many of the authors of the Puranas are Shudras. The veracity of the matter cannot be denied. Most people know that the author of the Suta Samhita is also a Shudra. Ergo, the eminence of that book cannot be deemed as inferior. Parasaran, the son of Odakkari, and Vyasa, the son of Mukuvathi (fisherwoman) compiled the Vedas and were also Brahmins.

scholarly journals HUNS IN THE CAUCASUS - ACCORDING TO THE HUNGARIAN CHRONICLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Borbala Obrusanszky
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Language

The ancient Hungarian chronicles, written in the royal court, mention that ancestors of the Hungarians, namely Scythians and Huns, lived in the regions of Caucasus, and belonged to Nimrod, the first legendary king of the world. He could have been a real powerful king, because other nations of the region claimed relationship with him. Hungarians said that Nimrod’s two sons, while chasing a magical stag, approached northward, kidnapped the daughters of the Alanian kings and settled down near the Meotic swamp. According to the Hungarian tradition, a large group of Savards/Sabirs left the Trans-Caucasus region and preserved their ancient culture and language as well. They lived there for a short period of time due to overpopulation. Huns gathered their elected leaders and decided to move westward to Pannonia, where they established the centre of the Hun state. Some scholars think that story was preserved as an epic and was sang by storytellers in the royal court. From the late 19th century some German and Hungarian scholars questioned the authenticity of the Hungarian chronicles, but at the end of 20th century the contemporary archaeological finds and local historical sources certified the accuracy of their reports. The modern sciences such as anthropology and DNA profiling also proved the ancestors of Hungarians lived in the regions of the Caucasus.

scholarly journals The Convalescent Plasma Craze! Where Does India Stand?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcot J. Priyadarsini ◽  
Kumar Karan ◽  
Subramanian Arulselvi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Plasma Transfusion ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons

AbstractIndia becomes the country with second highest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases (59,03,932) as of September 2020. As the world debates various treatment options, the current pandemic has led to the resurgence of an ancient technique, namely convalescent plasma therapy. Although it has been in use from the late 19th century, it is an uncharted territory for most developing nations. In this article, we have discussed the pros and cons of convalescent plasma transfusion in COVID-19 patients. Articles discussed in this review have been obtained from search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. We have also expressed our viewpoint on the feasibility and logistical challenges of convalescent plasma use in India.

scholarly journals “Distinct Characters of Their Own”: Mermaids in late 19th-mid 20th Century Australian children’s fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marea Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Local Resonance ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The World ◽  
Folk Narratives ◽  
Children’S Fiction

While mermaids have been found all around the world, their literary and cultural representations are traditionally associated with Europe. Recently attention has been paid to the particular resonance of mer-folk narratives in specifically Australian contexts. Hayward, Floyd, Snell, Organ and Callaway have drawn attention to examples of mer-worlds that directly intersect with and comment on Australian environments. Beginning in the late 19th Century, predominantly women writers relocate mermen and mermaids to explore relationships between land and sea, city and bush that have local resonance for young readers. These stories are often accompanied by rich illustrations designed to appeal to young imaginations. This note comments on three writers whose work relates mer-cultures to Australia: J.M Whitfield, Pixie O’Harris and Harriet Stephens, along with their illustrators, G.W Lambert, Ida Rentoul Outhwaite and O’Harris herself.

scholarly journals Brexit, CANZUK, and the legacy of empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell ◽  
Srdjan Vucetic
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideological Debate ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
New Phase

The Brexit referendum triggered a feverish debate over the future of Britain. Critics warn of a country stripped of its international influence, while advocates insist that it marks the beginning of a new phase in British engagement with the world. This article explores a notable development in the ideological debate. Some prominent Brexit supporters endorse the idea of CANZUK, a union of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. We analyse CANZUK as an attempt to develop a fruitful post-Brexit imaginary and as a case of transnational elite advocacy. We begin by placing CANZUK in the context of debates over the ‘Anglosphere’. We then map the CANZUK advocacy network. Next, we examine past plans for uniting English-speaking polities, tracing the idea back to late 19th-century debates over settler colonialism. We end by sketching some reasons to be sceptical about the project.

Retrouver le temple du sacré : la logique des extrêmes dans le roman de Durtal

2013 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Eléonore Sibourg
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Spiritual Belief ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

In the late 19th century a reversal of the values linked to the sacred and the profane can be observed. As Religion retreats, Positivism and faith in Progress fill the gap left by the abandoned spiritual belief. A nostalgia for transcendence arises amongst writers. Naturalism turns out to be sterile, but, sill, a belief in God seems to have become impossible. It is in this context that Huysmans writes his novels. The Durtal tetralogy in particular focuses on this theme: desperate, the main character wanders around Catholicism, seeking a sense of the Sacred. He first explores the world of Satanism before the conversion. But even when faith is regained, problems are not solved. In the religious domain itself, Durtal condemns the sacralization of the profane. Henceforth, the Durtal tetralogy manifests itself as a novel of the in-between: from brothel to church, between up-above and down-below, between almighty materialism and bourgeois Catholicism, this misanthropic writer prays for a renewed and primitive form of religious practice in which the individual can access the Sacred again. The quest for the supernatural, through a questioning of contemporary society, becomes a quest for Identity.

The Reticence of the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Manjari Chatterjee Miller
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Active Behavior ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Position

In the late 19th century the Dutch entered a second Golden Age. This chapter details how the Dutch were considered the second greatest colonial power after the United Kingdom, became one of the richest countries in Europe at the time, and began military reforms. But they were extremely reticent in their foreign policy behavior, giving up colonies and engaging in passive diplomacy. Despite its colonies and wealth, the narratives within the Netherlands denied that the Dutch were imperialist, and showed little appetite for active behavior on the world stage. The behavior of the Dutch was surprising not simply when compared to the world powers of the time—these great powers were, after all, arguably in a stronger strategic position than the Netherlands. Rather the Dutch were reticent even when compared to the smaller European powers of the day who jockeyed for influence, particularly with respect to colonies.

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